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(Foto: Gil Jovani Pérez/Infobae México)

Después de un enfrentamiento entre elementos de la Guardia Nacional (GN) y migrantes provenientes de países como Honduras, El Salvador y Guatemala, que se dio en la frontera Sur de México, cientos de ellos lograron cruzar a tierras aztecas para transitar camino a Estados Unidos.

La semana pasada miles de sudamericanos partieron de sus países debido a situaciones precarias en las que se encontraban. El 18 de enero, cuando llegaron a Tecún Umán, Guatemala, trataron de ingresar por la fuerza a México, pero fueron contenidos por los uniformados. Sólo 20 personas, aproximadamente, lograron llegar hasta el tercer filtro, pero fueron resguardadas por las autoridades mexicanas para revisar sus solicitudes de asilo.

A algunas personas que esperaron saber cuál sería el protocolo de las autoridades, se les pidió que llenaran formularios para analizar su situación y determinar si podrían cruzar por México. Ahí aguardaron hasta el lunes 20 de enero, cuando el Instituto Nacional de Migración (INM) les respondió que no les podían dar autorización ya que no existe el estatus migratorio de tránsito.

Por lo que optaron por cruzar el río Suchiate y enfrentarse al cuerpo de seguridad que resguarda la frontera. Los agentes lanzaron gases lacrimógenos y realizaron detenciones masivas para evitar que los sudamericanos se adentraran en tierras mexicanas. Hasta el 21 de enero no se ha dado cifra oficial sobre cuántas personas fueron puestas a disposición de las autoridades.

Quienes lograron escapar, comenzarán su ruta de tránsito hacia Estados Unidos. Las anteriores caravanas migrantes trazaron una decena de caminos para llegar a distintos puntos en la frontera entre México y su vecino del norte. Pero una de las más frecuentes es la del Pacífico.

En ella cruzarían por Ciudad Hidalgo, Chiapas, Oaxaca, Puebla, Ciudad de México, Querétaro, Guanajuato, Jalisco, Nayarit, Sonora, Sinaloa, hasta llegar a Baja California y concentrarse en Tijuana.

Familia de migrantes cerca del río Suchiate (Foto: REUTERS/Jose Cabezas)

Es usada de manera frecuente porque por esta transita "La Bestia", un tren de carga en el que migrantes se esconden para llegar a la zona norte del país. El principal punto de acceso es Arriaga en Chiapas. Antes era Ciudad Hidalgo y Tenosique, Tabasco, pero las vías están destruidas desde el 2005 por el paso del huracán Stan.

Activistas trabajan en esta zona para proporcionar comida y otro tipo de ayuda a los migrantes. Uno de los más reconocidos es el Padre Solalinde, quien fundó el albergue Hermanos del Camino en Ixtepec, Oaxaca, cerca de la ruta del ferrocarril. En él se llegan a refugiar hasta 20 mil personas al año.

El recorrido por este medio de transporte termina en Tamaulipas, Sonora o Baja California. Después tienen que seguirlo a pie.

Elementos de la Guardia Nacional hacen una barrera para impedir el paso de migrantes a México (Foto: REUTERS/Jose Cabezas)

Esta es la ruta más larga para llegar a Estados Unidos. Recorren más de 4 mil kilómetros y cruzan territorios con climas difíciles, como el desierto de Sonora. Sin embargo, así evitan el Golfo de México que está dominado por el crimen organizado (este camino mide aproximadamente 2 mil 100 kilómetos). Aunque por el Pacífico tampoco están libres de abusos.

"En esta ruta del Pacífico el principal factor de agresión es el robo, con un 62% de los casos. Un 16.8% reportó lesiones por agresión física, un 6.6% denunció extorsión, un 4.9% secuestro, y un 1.1% violación sexual", dijo Diego Ramos, integrante de FM4 Paso Libre a Animal Político en 2015.

El fenómeno de las caravanas migrantes se ha agravado en los últimos años. En 2018, aproximadamente 20 mil personas llegaron a México de Sudamérica para cruzar por el territorio y llegar a Estados Unidos. Desde entonces el flujo ha sido constante. Esta, que arribó en enero, es la primera del 2020.
Cientos de migrantes y fuerzas de seguridad mexicanas chocan en la frontera sur Por temor al crimen, 1,500 familias viajan en caravana desde EEUU: "Es triste ver que entrar a México ya no es seguro" Caravana migrante cruza Guatemala con más control policial y mirada atenta de México

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Caravana migrante en México: por cuáles estados atravesará rumbo a EEUU

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(Foto: Gil Jovani Pérez/Infobae México) Después de un enfrentamiento entre elementos de la Guardia Nacional (GN) y migrantes provenientes de países como Honduras, El Salvador y Guatemala, que se dio en la frontera Sur de México, cientos de ellos lograron cruzar a tierras aztecas para transitar camino a Estados Unidos.

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Migrantes hondureños prefieren ser maltratados en México que regresar a Honduras

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Migrantes hondureños prefieren ser maltratados en México que regresar a Honduras

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Jugar el videojuego 'The Migrant Trail'

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"THE MIGRANT TRAIL presents a first-person journey through Arizona's desert borderlands. Play as an undocumented immigrant attempting to cross the Arizona desert and/or a border patrol agent attempting to secure the border. Playing the game offers an alternative platform to further engage conversation, investigation and inquiry, into the themes and questions raised by the documentary.

Migrant Mode Intro

Every year an unknown number of migrants cross through the harsh Sonoran desert from Mexico into Arizona. They pay $1500-$2500 to join a crossing party, that is led by for hire guides referred to as Coyotes. If one cannot keep up, twists ankle or runs out of water, he or she is left behind and many die. On average, the remains of 200 dead migrants are found each year. It's not known how many are never found.

Border Patrol Mode Intro

Every day U.S. Border Patrol agents patrol the Sonoran Desert along the Arizona-Mexico border. Their job is to apprehend undocumented border crossers, provide first aid to the injured, and locate the remains of dead migrants.

Director/Producer: Marco Williams

Co-Producer: Thomas Peyton

Editors: Kris Liem, David Meneses

Associate Producers: Patricia Bernabe, Horatio Potter, Elizabeth Stanton

Camera and Sound: Marco Williams

Additional Camera: Hector Matta, Thomas Peyton, Claudio Rocha

Post Production Producer: Jennifer Latham

Music composed by: Richard Martinez

Executive Producer for the Fledgling Fund: Diana Barrett

Executive Producer for ITVS: Sally Jo Fifer

Executive Producer for New York Community Trust: Jane Greenberg

Executive Producer for Two Tone Productions: Whitney Dow

Marco Williams is a George Foster Peabody and Alfred I duPont Silver Baton award-winning documentary filmmaker.

His directing credits include The Undocumented, 2013 (Full Frame, HRWFF, Independent Lens); Inside the New Black Panthers, 2008 (Nat Geo); Banished 2007, (Independent Lens, Sundance, Fullframe, Miami International Film Festival); Freedom Summer 2006, (History Channel, Full Frame); I Sit Where I Want: The Legacy of Brown v. Board of Education 2004, (Nickelodeon); MLK Boulevard: The Concrete Dream 2003, (DiscoveryTimes); Two Towns of Jasper 2002, (P.O.V., Sundance); Making Peace: Rebuilding our Communities 1995, (PBS); The Pursuit of Happiness: With Arianna Huffington 1994, (PBS); Without A Pass 1992, (Showtime, Sundance); In Search of Our Fathers 1991, (Frontline, Sundance, the Whitney Biennial); and From Harlem To Harvard 1982, (The Learning Channel).

Marco's film awards include: Banished, the Knight Grand Jury Prize for Documentary Feature at the Miami International Film Festival and the Full Frame Documentary Festival Spectrum Award. Freedom Summer, Emmy Award for the series: Ten Days that Unexpectedly Changed America; I Sit Where I Want, the recipient of the 2005 Beacon Award; MLK Boulevard: The Concrete Dream; The National Association of Black Journalists First Place Salute to Excellence Award 2004.

Two Towns of Jasper, the 2004 George Foster Peabody Award and the 2004 Alfred I duPont Silver Baton. It is the winner of the 2002 Pan African Film Festival Outstanding Documentary Award, the Hot Docs Canadian International Film Festival Silver Award for Best International Documentary (2002); it is also the recipient of the 2002 DoubleTake/Full Frame grand prize: The Center For Documentary Studies Filmmaker Award, and the winner of the 2002 Independent Feature Project Third Annual Anthony Radziwill Documentary Achievement Award. Two Towns of Jasper was broadcast on POV on PBS, the film and the directors were featured on the Oprah Winfrey Show, Nightline with Ted Koppel, and the film was the catalyst for a live town hall meeting-"America in Black and White", anchored by Ted Koppel.

Williams' film, In Search of Our Fathers was awarded The Silver Apple at the National Educational Film and Video Festival. The film was broadcast on the PBS program "Frontline". It was exhibited at festivals throughout the United States, Europe, and Asia. It was featured in the Whitney Museum of American Art's 1996 "Black Male Exhibition, the 1993 Whitney Biennial, the Panorama section of the 1993 Berlin International Film Festival, the 1992 Sundance Film Festival, Cinema Du Reel, the Toronto Film Festival, the Margaret Mead Film Festival, and the Bombay International Film Festival.

Williams received a B.A. from Harvard University, in Visual and Environmental Studies. He received a Master of Arts degree from UCLA in Afro-American Studies and a Master of Fine Arts also from UCLA in their Producer's Program. He is the recipient of the Institute of American Cultures Research Grant (1998 & 1990), a New York Foundation for the Arts Fellowship, (1987) and a Creative Artists Program grant (1984).

The Undocumentedisa feature length cinema verite documentary that exposes a little known consequence of United States immigration policy. Since 1998 more than 2000 dead bodies and skeletal remains of illegal border crossers have been found in the desert in southern Arizona.

The film tells the story of Marcos Hernandez an undocumented Mexican living and working in Chicago. Marcos came to the United States, crossing through the Sonora Desert in southern Arizona. Each month he sends money to his mother in Mexico City, for medicine for his brother, Gustavo. Gustavo needs a kidney transplant.

But Marcos' has another reason for coming to the United States, an even more pressing one. He has come to search for his father Francisco who disappeared in the Sonora Desert trying to enter into the United States undocumented. Chronicled over the course of Arizona's deadly summer months, the film weaves Marcos' search for his father with the efforts of humanitarians and Border Patrol agents who fight to prevent migrant deaths, medical investigators and the Mexican Consulate who work to identify dead border crossers, and Mexicans who struggle to accept the loss of a family member.

The film's aesthetic is cinema verite. Unlike other documentaries, the film does not engage in a passive dialogue. The film's characters don't talk about migrant deaths. They are immersed in it. They patrol the desert. They rescue migrants. They discover human bones picked apart by wild animals. They wheel body after body in and out of a large refrigerator. And when the film arrives at the home of a migrant family in Mexico, that family is captured at the very apex of their grief, the arrival home of the coffin.

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"THE MIGRANT TRAIL presents a first-person journey through Arizona's desert borderlands. Play as an undocumented immigrant attempting to cross the Arizona desert and/or a border patrol agent attempting to secure the border. Playing the game offers an alternative platform to further engage conversation, investigation and inquiry, into the themes and questions raised by the documentary.

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Rutas del 2018

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Este es el recorrido de la caravana migrante | Noticiero | Telemundo

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Sale de Honduras tercera caravana de migrantes del 2020

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Migrantes hondureños frustrados son repatriados por Guatemala sin alcanzar EEUU | AFP