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Chief cities-- Byblos, Tyre,  Sidon (served as distribution centers)

Produced market goods (glass, wine)

International sea traders of  ancient Near East (most colonies trading stations)

22 characters/letters spelled out Phoenician language

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Philistines (5 towns on coastal plains) and Phoenicians

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Women taught children at a young age, older boys learned from their fathers and priests while girls continued learning from mothers

School system not established till much later

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Polygamy (kings 18 wives, others 4)

Ideal wife honors husband and is good

Bridegroom family pays wife's family sum for "loss"

Divorce open to men, not women

Sex with prostitutes ok, but punishable by death if with a married woman

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Original patriarchal family structure broke down

Married sons moved out, fathers no longer had life/death control over family members

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"men of rank and influence", "people of the land" (no real merchant class, commerce carried out by foreigners), slaves

Hebrews could be slaves but must be released after 6 years, rules protecting slaves

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Sent by God to serve as his voice

Warned against the crumbling of Judah and the Kingdom of Israel,  warned against honoring other gods, gave hope for a revival of the people of Judah

Encouraged social justice and sparked Western ideals of social justice

Serve God above all, even if that means going against political leaders

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Aka Old Testament in the Christian bible recorded jew traditions to preserve identity (includes Torah)

Three aspects of Jewish religious tradition had special significance: covenant, the law, the prophets

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Just and good God, relationships with people who are meant to serve

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Went from worshipping many gods/spirits in nature to only Yahweh-- the God of Israel
(All of nature created by Yahweh)

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Under Persians, people of Judah returned to Jerusalem to build their Temple and city, eventually became "Jews"

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2 tribes, capital at Jerusalem (southern)

Chaldeans under King Nebuchadnezzar destroyed Judah, dispersed to Babylon

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10 tribes, capital at Samaria (northern)

Assyrians overran the kingdom and destroyed it, dispersed to Assyria

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970-930 B.C. --expanded political and military establishments, extended trading activities of Israelites, and built a lot (Temple in the city of Jerusalem).

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1000-970 B.C.-- Harsh; Defeated the Philistines, established control over Palestine, and defeated the Moabites too.

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1020-1000 B.C.

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Descendants of Abraham who went to Palestine, Egypt, then Palestine again to establish the united kingdom of Israel.