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How useable is the mobile application?

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How well does the new packaging design catch shoppers attention?

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Market researchers observe where we look | Made in Germany

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How durable are their shoes?

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Red Wing Shoes Presents: Product Testing

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How durable are their products?

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The IKEA test lab in Almhult, Sweden where all products are put through extensive safety testing during their development.

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Is it possible to improve the shopping cart?

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Looking closely

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Sketching from observation - made easy - part 2

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Agency by Design: Observational Drawings

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Agency by Design: Observational Drawings

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How do things work together?

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ACCESSFM turned 20 Years Old in 2018. Widely recognised and implemented within design techology education in the UK and even across the globe. It has found its way onto websites, forums, exam board criteria, text books from a great many publishers including the Oxford Press but most importantly into your classrooms. A simple idea which has continued to thrive. Long may it continue into 2020 and beyond.

Why not read the story below from TeachDesign magazine - in the article I explain how it all began.

Spencer Herbert

Accessfm- how it all started and where we are now.

Beauty as they say is in the eye of the beholder, couldn't agree more but when it comes to design and more specifically "Good design" I am not sure this paradigm fits. A good design not only needs to look good but it also needs to function and I suppose that is where the comparison ends.

I clearly remember overhearing a rather heated debate between a student and senior lecturer whilst studying product design in the final year of my degree. The debate or rather, argument centered on two ballpoint pens. One was an everyday Bic disposable and the second owned by said student, a styled, rather attractive and considerably more expensive version. The lecturer in question was bestowing the virtues of both pens but decided that the Bic was in fact the better product and that the student in question had actually wasted their hard earned cash on a far less superior product. What astounded me at the time was the reasoning behind this bold statement, or rather the distinct lack of reasoning in the first place. The lecturer kept on returning to the fact that the Bic was some 40-50 times cheaper and performed what he believed to be the exact same function and so must be better. The student was confused and slightly annoyed by the lecturer, who eventually dismissed all discourse from his pupil.
" Ah but how about a Rolex Submariner compared to a Casio digital watch," said the student. " No its not the same thing" said the lecturer. Which of course it was. His argument was based solely around the two products he was looking at and saw little or no correlation to other consumer products. At the end of the day he was the lecturer and so he must be right.

I have always been a person more attune to systems and for those that know me well; have to maintain an order and logic. With me this often leads to analogies and every so often acronyms. I suppose the seed had been planted back then in that design studio listening to my Senior lecturer call rank. I felt that I could do a far better job or rather give my students the opportunity to make up their own minds in a more concise, logical and considered way.

I left university with a degree in product design and enrolled on a PGCE course, training to teach design technology. I truly believe I learnt more about design in that first year than I had done during my four years at university. I found myself having to think so very carefully about what I was trying to say before delivering to a group of teenagers. I became acutely aware that I would have to in some way police the edges of any discussions or debate without closing them down like my lecturer had done.
I started my product analysis journey with Alessi kitchen products, the now famous, family follows fiction and Philippe Startck range of products were brand new to the market and really quite difficult to get hold of. Moreover my students had no pre-conceived ideas around these types of object and had no expectations of this market. After all, these products quite simply did not fit their demographic and that was so very liberating.
I believe that if I had started with trainers and mobile phones I would have not been able to get past the brand loyalties planted by advertisers before my pupils could first walk.
I had to direct students discussions but not stifle and what better way than to introduce a set of guidelines or even commonalities. I needed a list of factors or criteria by which all products could be judged and judged fairly, the essence of true product analysis. The design technology department I was training in at the time was forward thinking and was already starting to move in this direction. I was getting close to being able to consolidate my thinking and decide on a clear set of rules.

It was not until I joined Bluefish Works as an education consultant that I was afforded the time and backing to move things forward. I had by now decided on my set of product analysis rules but had no name for the system. I decided to put the first letter of each descriptor into an Internet anagram generator and out popped ACCESSFM.
I single handedly presented ACCESS FM during countless conferences, to teachers, advisers and inspectors from the South East all the way up to Scotland. I showcased at the NEC Birmingham for the National Design Technology show, was invited to the annual NAADIT conferences and worked very closely with Gina White HMI and the now head man at DATA, Richard Green.
I was also given the opportunity to develop and deliver workshops to primary and secondary school students across the UK. A fantastic opportunity in partnership with the London Design Museum.
During this time I quickly discovered, that in order to teach ACCESS FM, you need to keep it really simple. Indeed I would spend no more than 3 minutes presenting the initial idea of ACCESS FM to pupils. I was surprised how quickly I could lose a group by extending the thinking the first time around.

I left Bluefish after a brilliant two years because I desperately missed being part of a team and teaching everyday. I really enjoyed visiting schools through my role at Bluefish and loved the creative freedom they afforded, but I hardly ever got to see the long-term benefits of what I was delivering. I joined a large school for boys in Bromley, Kent, teaching design technology and soon afterwards was awarded Head of Department. I even went on to acquire AST status. The department still thrives on the use of ACCESS FM.

I have been asked on several occasions my views regarding the information surrounding ACCESSFM online. I am fully aware that the Internet contains modifications to ACCESS FM, its not that the anagram itself has been changed but the meanings behind it. In my opinion they do not really work, simply because they open the whole thing up to too much interpretation. For example I have seen Environment changed to Ergonomics, but surely Ergonomics is a SIZE issue?
Customer has been altered to Client, but generally a client is someone or a company, who creates a brief, whereas a customer is the end user or the person who buys the product. I have even seen SAFETY dropped in favour of Sensory in the context of food, but Sensory can quite easily be considered through the AESTHETICS title and with regard to food why would you disregard Safety?
I suppose it all comes back to what I mentioned earlier about keeping things really simple.
Ultimately this is what encouraged me to launch ACCESSFM. COM. The site was developed to provide the information necessary to use ACCESS FM effectively and in the way that I originally intended. It provides guidance so you can present ACCESS FM to students from all key stages up to degree level or teachers if you like.
I decided to use the site to show teachers how to get to grips with my "one, half, zero rule" and to illustrate how ACCESS FM can formulate task analysis sessions. The site gives guidance in the writing of initial and further specifications, the formulation of existing design analysis and in the evaluating of your student's final products. Furthermore, I recommend appropriate resources, giving specific guidance on how to use them in a real classroom, through either case studies or book reviews.
However, most importantly, the website contains the original version of ACCESSFM and its waiting for you to simply download.
Enjoy.

Spencer Herbert.

Links Fx: The original version
I developed Links Fx in the first few months of working for Bluefish. The idea came about whilst discussing the possibility of applying De Bono's thinking hats to the teaching of design technology. I was not keen on De Bono's thinking hats then and still am not. I find it hard that in 2018 we still refer to the black hat as the negative and the white positive, sorry, but not happy, so I do not use it!

I would like to give you a guide on how to apply Links Fx and suggest how to use it in a real classroom.

L- Logical:
Look at the product and decide which parts or functions are used in a logical fashion during normal use. Which parts of a product actually work, time after time, year after year, no matter who uses it?

Illogical:
Look at the product and decide which parts or functions are used in an illogical way during normal use. Think about it, how many of us close the car door using the door window frame or even the window itself, so why place the handle so low down?

N- Need:
This is all about having a fresh look at a product, a new perspective and the courage to define what is really needed. How many products primary function is lessened by the fact that it has been given superfluous secondary functions in an effort to sell it? Think early VCR and DVD players.

K- Keep:
Now you get to decide what is absolutely necessary to enable a product to function perfectly, you get to list those features that you feel really work and are essential to the product, not dictated by a marketing team.

S- Scrap:
This is the part that young people love, the ability to simply remove all boundaries and scrap those ideas, however old or well established, in the process completely freeing up the possibilities. Just because an idea is 100 years old it does not mean it's actually any good, think toilet brush. How much of that idea, if produced for the first time today would be seen as acceptable simply from a hygiene point of view?

F- Form Follows Function follows Form:
Confused? Stay with me on this one. We all know that the accepted paradigm is form follows function, but is it really? When you develop a product its function and form are paramount and great focus is afforded to both. However in many cases I believe that function wins, think of all those pre-release photos of new cars, they looked sleek, sexy, low and fast, what happened from concept to manufacture? What I am suggesting is simply this, when you get to that stage that a product is complete and some of the aesthetics have been sacrificed to allow perfect function, why not focus again on its form. You have the function and as long as it's retained you have nothing to lose.

X- X Factor:
For years designers have tried to define what the X factor really is, I reckon I have the answer. Go into a store to buy a kettle, you have a £20 budget, two are available, one is plain and the other aesthetically pleasing, both have identical functions. Most people would by the better looking example.
So how do you put the X Factor into your products...? Form follows Function follows Form of course

I was lucky enough to attend the Design and Technology Association Awards in London not so long ago - though not lucky enough to win a prize.

At the end of the evening Dame Ellen MacArthur (her father was a D&T teacher) gave a speech about sustainability, during which she pointed out we have around 118 years of coal supply left.

And it got me thinking. Sustainability and the Environment have, until recently, been the preserve of those with dubious facial hair and a penchant for multi-coloured knitwear. But now it's everywhere. And surely the crisis point that's been so long anticipated has already arrived. (We have 40-50 years of oil left. That's scary isn't it?)

But here's a controversial thought - and one you could work into a classroom debate. Why not design better and more durable products, instead of attempting to recycle everything in what has become a disposable society.

The switch on my wife's hair dryer broke recently. You can buy a new one for less than £5. But being a D&T teacher I thought I would mend it. I just had to take the case apart. The manufacturer, however, had apparently never considered anyone might want to do this, for while I have every screwdriver under the sun (and a Torx set) I don't have the Security Torx set I needed to fix the hairdryer. Result: My wife now has a new one.

Remember the "Scrappage Scheme" where the government encouraged us to crush perfectly workable cars in order to "save" £2000 off the price of a new car. Nothing to do with money they said, all about getting old cars off the road and replacing them with environmentally friendly ones. But why do we need a car which is 100% recyclable. Why not buy one which is designed and made well in the first place? It's like marrying a woman you really like, not love, so she'll be easier to divorce when you trade her in for a younger model.

I recently went into a large fast-food chain and the amount of packaging was incredible. My straw was wrapped in paper, and the cup given a firm plastic fitting lid before being placed in a pulped cardboard holder. Why? "Health and Safety Sir". Oh. And everything had been recycled.

I have a suggestion: how about I have no holder, no straw sleeve, no lid and a cup made of thinner material. In return I'm charged less. The company saves money and we save the environment. Or would that be just too simple?

Spencer Herbert
Tough one!
Especially if teaching Product Design at A-Level, this is one of those omni present questions which has a tendancy to make an appearance at exam time. I came up with this recently along with my A level students studying product design in relation to Iconic design. You know how much I love anagrams and acronyms!

We tended to focus on Iconic rather than classic as the term classic is a little open ended. A Morris Minor is a classic car but it is not an Icon. Whereas the Beetle is both classic and Iconic. All old cars are labelled classic cars, few are Iconic.

S: Symbolic, can represent a movement, a time, fashion,ideals, design beliefs or principles

P: Provenance, it has a rich and important history, it changed things, affected the users

U:Unique, different when first released, since copied but still seen as the original, genesis

R:Resonance, people remember it, evokes passion, is still relevant or even still used

See what you think, my pupils can now tell you exactly why a Barcelona chair is an Iconic design and why the W.W Stool by Phillipe Starck is not.

Spencer Herbert

Check out my "Store" section on the website. I have hand picked a series of products that I feel would be perfect as part of an inspirational handling collection. Furthermore I have listed a number of publications that are ideal in a real classroom. These are books that I have either used, referred to or wish to own and in a number of cases have written a review for in my "Resource Review" feature. I have decided to use Amazon.co.uk as my link , as this is a company that is extremely competitive and one that I have made countless orders with in the past. As such I am happy to both recommend and have Amazon.co.uk featured on this site. Take some time to have a look and happy shopping.

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ACCESSFM turned 20 Years Old in 2018. Widely recognised and implemented within design techology education in the UK and even across the globe. It has found its way onto websites, forums, exam board criteria, text books from a great many publishers including the Oxford Press but most importantly into your classrooms. A simple idea which has continued to thrive.

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Onshape Learning Center online training courses

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"My students almost all resoundingly love Spatial Vis. Many go beyond what I have assigned and even work ahead they enjoy it so much. It has also been really neat for students who never realized they had pretty advanced and sophisticated abilities to make those realizations as they work through the exercise and as they engage with 3D design and fabrication with Tinkercad and our 3D printers and laser cutter"
Ethan Greenberg
Lovett Instructor

"Excellent tool for remote learning or in-person learning. Helps students develop important skills for CAD and Technical Sketching"
Jake Fullington
Shelton High School Instructor

The primary reason for incorporating Spatial vis in the MER-101 course is to make hand-drawing more appealing to students. Students practiced plenty of 2D orthographic projections and 3D isometric drawings using the Spatial Vis app, as the app allowed unlimited attempts to get the answers right, and when the students could not answer correctly, the app provided hints for reduced points. As they were graded instantly by the app, it was a lot of fun for students to complete the hand-drawing exercises.
Spatial vis app helped in most certainly improving: It even resulted in some students exploring and going beyond what is typically covered in the MER-101 course.
Prof. Pradeep Gudlur

Union College

"My students were all able to use the app independently as homework, and I saw remarkable progress in spatial visualization skills, especially among those starting with low skill levels"
Prof. Gordon Hoople
University of San Diego

"The best thing about the app is it's available anytime, whether I'm waiting for someone to pick me up, waiting for my food or simply in the restroom. It's ideal for its reach-ability"
Spatial Vis Student

"During this in and out virtual year, I am glad we chose to use this app. This app really teaches students how to hand sketch single view, orthographically, isometrically, and 3d visualizations without advanced verbal instruction"
Daniel Arnett
Hampton High School Instructor

"The activities are fun! They don't seem like homework!"
Spatial Kids Student

"Ever since implementing Spatial Vis into my program it has been very effective in getting the students focused on a task relative to sketching and that has been huge"
Stephen Marsh
Cabrillo High School Instructor

"Spatial Visualization is a good skill to develop! I think the app was fun to use and I did improve!"
Spatial Vis Student

"I liked working on the iPad. The instant feedback and easy to use interface made it a relaxed, but rewarding experience"
Spatial Vis Student

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eGrove Education - Bringing Personalized Learning to Sketching

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"My students almost all resoundingly love Spatial Vis. Many go beyond what I have assigned and even work ahead they enjoy it so much.

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Adafruit Circuit Playground Project & Block code

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Adafruit Circuit Playground Project & Block code

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Adafruit Circuit Playground Express - Blocks / Javascript editor

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Adafruit Circuit Playground Express - Blocks / Javascript editor

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Adafruit Circuit Playground Express - Blocks / Javascript editor

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A Blocks / JavaScript code editor for the Adafruit Circuit Playground Express.

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A game where you need to pick the design that is most correct. Test your attention to details!

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Notice how the brief includes the most important information from the designer's research, including information about the client, their preferences, their needs (their daily schedule, for example), and direct quotes from the user/client.

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The project aim was to create a chair for kids that they could use as furniture and as a playing unit as well. the project shows the entire process. the final concept is inspired by a swing and a chair combined together.

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Scroll down to the Need Statements and notice how the designer organized the requirements for the chair design. Notice how these connect back to the research in the Design Brief.

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The project aim was to create a chair for kids that they could use as furniture and as a playing unit as well. the project shows the entire process. the final concept is inspired by a swing and a chair combined together.

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This portfolio shows the design process from the Design Brief through to the completed project. This is a great example of how a designer works, iterating and refining their ideas in several phases until they create a design that works for their client.

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The project aim was to create a chair for kids that they could use as furniture and as a playing unit as well. the project shows the entire process. the final concept is inspired by a swing and a chair combined together.

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An engineering drawing is a subcategory of technical drawings. The purpose is to convey all the information necessary for manufacturing a product or a part.

Engineering drawings use standardised language and symbols. This makes understanding the drawings simple with little to no personal interpretation possibilities.

So let's look at the different line and view types you will come across in the engineering discipline.

The Purpose of Engineering Drawings

As already said, such a technical drawing has all the information for manufacturing a part or welding and building an assembly. The info includes dimensions, part names and numbers, etc. So once a manufacturing engineer gets the drawing, he can start the production process without a second thought.

First, we have to pause for a second and address our own customers here to avoid confusion. The drawings you submit for instant pricing and manufacturing in our system do not need any of this. The same applies to 3D models. CAD files and drawings made according to our design tips include all the necessary information for making your product. The only time we ask for a drawing is if you want to specify tolerances.

Still, knowing all the rules and basics of formatting is an absolute must in the industry, as traditional manufacturing companies still need detailed drawings.

How to Make Drawings?

A few decades ago, you would have had to sit down at a drawing board covered with papers of different size, rulers, callipers, etc. Today, all these instruments are still good for manual drafting but no contemporary manufacturer really wants such drawings.

Why? Because most of the machinery uses CNC systems that can read the information straight from the files and produce a cutting program accordingly. Drawings done by hand would just add a lot of manual work for manufacturing engineers.

So, we are left with only one option really - every engineer should use CAD (computer aided design) software because of its many advantages.

You can, of course, use CAD for making drawings from scratch. But the easier option is to first make a 3D model and create the drawings from that, as the programs generate the views with only a few clicks. All you need to do is add the dimensions. Having models also makes updating the drawings for revisions simple.

Basic Components of an Engineering Drawing

Let's see what makes up an engineering drawing. A single drawing includes many elements with quite a few variations to each of them. So let's take a closer look here.

Different Types of Lines

Not every line on an engineering drawing is equal. The different options make it possible to show both visible and hidden edges of a part, centre lines, etc.

The most common is a continuous line, also known as a drawing line. This represents the physical boundaries of an object. Put simply, these lines are for drawing the objects. The line thickness varies - the outer contour uses thicker lines and inner lines are thinner.

Hidden lines can show something that would not be otherwise visible on the drawings. For example, hidden lines may show the length of an internal step in a turned part without using a section or a cutout view (we explain both later).

Centre lines are used to show hole and the symmetric properties of parts. Showing symmetricity can reduce the number of dimensions and make the drawing more eye-pleasing, thus easier to read.

Extension lines annotate what is being measured. The dimension line has two arrowheads between the extension lines and the measurement on top (or inside, like in the image above) the line.

Break lines indicate that a view has been broken. If you have a part that is 3000 mm long and 10 mm wide with symmetric properties, using a break-out makes gives all the info without using as much space.

While a good way for giving information to people, CNC machines need full views in order to cut the parts. Otherwise, the manufacturing engineer has to reconstruct the whole part from the measurements.

When using a cutout view, the cutting plane lines show the trajectory of the cutout. Here you can see that the A-A cutting line brings both types of holes into the view.

Types of Views

So let's take a closer look at the different types of views that are often present in a manufacturing drawing. Each serves a certain purpose. Bear in mind that adding views should follow the same logic as dimensioning - include as little as possible and as much as necessary.

A tip for good engineering practice - only include a view if it contributes to the overall understanding of the design.

Isometric View

Isometric drawings show parts as three-dimensional. All the vertical lines stay vertical (compared to front view) and otherwise parallel lines are shown on a 30-degree angle.

The lines that are vertical and parallel are in their true length. Which means you can use a ruler and the scaling of the drawing to easily measure the length straight from a paper drawing, for example. The same does not apply to angled lines.

It is important to distinguish the isometric view from a perspective view. A perspective view is an artistic one that represents an object as it seems to the eye. Engineers stay true to the dimensions rather than optical illusions.

Orthographic View

This is the bread and butter of an engineering drawing. An orthographic view or orthographic projection is a way of representing a 3D object in 2 dimensions.

Thus, a 2D view has to convey everything necessary for part production. This kind of representation allows avoiding any kind of distortion of lengths.

The most common way to communicate all the information is by using three different views in a multiview drawing:

It may be possible that some additional views are necessary to show all the info. But again, less is more.

The positioning of the views differs a bit regionally. For example, look at the image below to compare the US and ISO layouts.

The one on the left is called first-angle projection. Here, the top view is under the front view, the right view is at the left of the front view, etc. The ISO standard is primarily used in Europe.

On the right, you can see a third-angle projection. The right view is on the right, top view on the top of the front view, etc. This system is especially popular in the US and Canada.

Flat Pattern

If you are making a folded sheet metal part, do not forget to add a flat pattern view. The cutting job comes before bending. When it comes to our customers, the easiest way is just to upload a STEP file without any accompanying drawings.

Want to get manufacturing quotes without making drawings? Check out our FREE tool to get instant prices for metal fabrication online.

Creating a flat pattern view is usually pretty simple. Just be aware that you are using the sheet metal environment when making sheet metal parts in CAD. There you have the option to "generate a flat pattern" which you can easily add to the main drawing.

If you are using the standard part environment, the same option is not available. Still, many CAD programs have the possibility to convert a standard part into sheet metal if the part properties correspond to sheet metal (e.g. uniform thickness, inside radius, etc.).

Section View

A section view can easily display some of the part features that are not evident when looking just from the outset. Cross section is the preferred option compared to hidden lines as it brings more clarity. The cross hatching feature is and indicator for cross sectional views.

Cutout View

This is the same image we used for illustrating the section view. With one slight difference - the side view includes cutouts. Cutouts can reduce the number of different views on a single drawing.

Thus, we could easily delete the section view and add all the necessary dimensions to cutouts.

Detail View

The detail view gives us a close-up of a selected section of a larger view. This can be especially useful if an otherwise large part includes many important dimension in a small area. Using the detail view improves the readability of these measurements.

Auxiliary View

An orthographic view to represent planes that are not horizontal or vertical. It helps to show inclined surfaces without any distortion.

Dimensions

As said before, new CNC machines are actually able to read the dimensions straight from the lines. But a traditional manufacturing drawing shows all the necessary dimensions for producing the parts.

The keyword here is necessary. Avoid using the auto-dimensioning feature that a lot of CAD programs offer because they tend to show everything they can find. For a beginner, it may seem like adding it all ensures that no mistakes can be made.

Actually, it can result in a confusing web of measurements that is left for the manufacturing engineer to untangle. Also, adding all dimensions you can find makes it hard to pinpoint which ones are the most important.

The image above shows a shaft with all the measurements. In reality, it creates a closed system whereby the manufacturer cannot guarantee all these dimensions 100%. Therefore, you have to determine the most important ones. In our case, we chose the end steps to be more important than the length of the central part. Thus, we should delete the 120 mm dimension.

One crucial bit of information that is missing from CAD models is geometric dimensioning and tolerancing (GD & T). For example, when looking to produce a shaft for a bearing system, limits and fits are of high importance. The right dimensions can guarantee a longer lifetime with less maintenance.

While you can fetch all the dimensions automatically by clicking the measure button, adding engineering tolerances needs manual action.

Therefore, adding dimensions with lower and upper limits or fit classes is still important. Regarding Fractory's service, we would ask you to enclose a separate drawing with these parameters. Note that you do not have to provide the whole dimensioning - only include the tolerances of a single hole on your engineering drawings if necessary.

Information Blocks

The little boxes in the bottom right corner show additional information. The title block includes the author's name, part name, part number, quantity, coating, scale, etc. There can be much more info on there but the title blocks vary widely between different companies.

Information blocks also include a bill of materials, or BOM for short. These blocks list all the components used in the assembly, along with additional information like quantities, part names, etc.

Assembly Drawings

Many engineers' drawings make the mistake of trying to include all the information about each individual part in an assembly drawing. To avoid this, remember the purpose of these engineering drawings during the creation process - they must make the assembling easy.

Exploded views, section views, numbered parts, general dimensions, cutouts, detail views (or close-ups) are all tools you can use to achieve this goal.

It should be clear where each part goes and how it is attached - whether it needs welding, bolted connections, riveting or something else. The bill of materials is there to help you, so make sure the information available there is correct regarding part numbers, names and quantities.

Keeping everything above in mind will help you create assembly drawings that make life easier on the shop floor. A piece of great advice I once received goes like this - keep the thinking in the drawing-room. Avoiding multiple interpretation possibilities at later steps will significantly decrease the number of errors.

What Does the Future Hold?

Engineering drawings are still a big part of an engineer's job. All in all, making them contributes to about 20% of a design engineer's work time.

We at Fractory are trying to save this time by automating the reading of 3D models for production. This leaves engineers with the task of producing assembly and GD&T drawings only. The purpose is to keep the focus on engineering better products.

The engineering community is seeing this movement as a new trend. But as we all know, taking the whole industry up to a new standard takes a lot of time. Thus, if you still outsource your production to manufacturing companies who need drawings, you must know the basics at the very least.

Leaving room for interpretation creates a situation where your idea may not be executed as planned. And there is nobody else to blame but the author.

So consider this stage of the product development process as an integral part that requires thinking along. Keep the thinking in the drawing-room.

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Engineering Drawing Views & Basics Explained | Fractory

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An engineering drawing is a subcategory of technical drawings. The purpose is to convey all the information necessary for manufacturing a product or a part. Engineering drawings use standardised language and symbols. This makes understanding the drawings simple with little to no personal interpretation possibilities.

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Process Journal: Making a Balenciaga Hourglass bag for $6

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Process Journal: Making a Balenciaga Hourglass bag for $6

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Fantastic documentation of how a project was created, from paper prototype through to final object.

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Discover the magic of the internet at Imgur, a community powered entertainment destination. Lift your spirits with funny jokes, trending memes, entertaining gifs, inspiring stories, viral videos, and so much more from users like Elledawg.