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The cytoplasm and nucleus of a cell. Cytoplasm is consists of some apparatus such as mitochondria and ribosome. they have various functions and contribute to the live of a cell. Nucleus have inherit information in DNA, and transmit the characteristic through cell division. This word was made when the structure of the cell was unknown. The cytoplasm and nucleus were believed to live independently in a cell. In Shipman's text, this word means characteristic of certain race.
(source: https://www.britannica.com/science/protoplasm)

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From its founding in 1910 until it closed its doors in 1939, the Eugenics Record Office (ERO) at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory in New York was the center of the American Eugenics Movement. Charles Davenport, a geneticist and biologist, founded the ERO, and served as its director until 1934. Under the direction of Davenport and his associate, superintendant Harry H. Laughlin, the influence of the ERO on science and public policy waxed during the early twentieth century until the beginning of World War II. The ERO is important to the history of embryologybecause it played a key role in the application of scientific theories about heredity to the formulation of social policies about human reproduction.
(source The Embryo Project Encyclopedia)

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eugenic record office

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Mary Williamson Averell Harriman (July 22, 1851 – November 7, 1932) was an American philanthropist and the wife of railroad executive E. H. Harriman. Born in New York to a successful family, Averell married Harriman in 1879. Averell's father introduced Harriman to the railroad business. After Harriman's death, his wife was left with between $70 and $100 million. She became dedicated to philanthropy, donating the land that became Harriman State Park and largely funding the development of the controversial Eugenics Record Office. Averell had several children; her son, W. Averell Harriman became governor of New York and her daughter Mary Harriman Rumsey founded the Junior League.
(source Wikipedia)

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Gregor Johann Mendel
He was a Austrian scientist who made the founder of the modern science of genetics. Though farmers had known for millennia that crossbreeding of animals and plants could favor certain desirable traits, Mendel's pea plant experiments conducted between 1856 and 1863 established many of the rules of heredity, now referred to as the laws of Mendelian inheritance. By the way, Mendelian inheritance explains how we inherit parents' genes, and it shows that there are recessive genes and dominant genes.