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1.Changes in land and sea use;

2.Direct exploitation of organisms

3.Climate change

4.Pollution

5.Invasive alien species.

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Scientists estimate we're now losing species at 1,000 to 10,000 times the “background” rate, with dozens going extinct every day.

most threatened- many of these rely on water/ocean during some phase of life cycle

Amphibians are under the highest threat but all groups of species are at risk.

Amphibians: 41 %

Reef corals: 33 %

Sharks and rays: 36 %

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The ongoing decrease in the pH of the Earth's ocean

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Example: Great barrier reef important to local community

The Reef contributes $6.4 billion to the Australian economy and 90 per cent, or $5.7 billion, is from tourism

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evidence even the smalled creatures need to be protected

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ecosystems provide the conditions for growing food

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Landscapes and greenspace maintain mental and physical health

Diverse range of species and landscapes play an important role in traditional/ indigenous cultures

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The more biodiverse an ecosystem is, the more difficult it is for one pathogen to spread rapidly or dominate

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Local air and water quality is regulated by a diverse range of species and are involved in reducing temperatures

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Biodiversity is required to find and produce medicines eg Cytarabine is a medication used in the management and treatment of leukemias and lymphomas was initially found in Tectitethya crypta, a species of ocean sponges

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altered functions within an ecosystem

eg

Ocean acidification can create conditions that eat away at the minerals used by oysters, clams, lobsters, shrimp, coral reefs, and other marine life to build their shells and skeletons.