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Well done everyone, and Bravo for these great contributions! we are very happy that this module was intresting to you, that you have learnt many new things, and that you are more consious about many digital aspect! Most importantly, we are proud of your awareness, hard work and great contributions, that not only you, your colleagues have learnt from, but also the Nexus team!
GOOD JOB, everyone, and this padlet, and other padlets, and forum, are always here for more exchange and interactivity!
-Nexus Team-

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Digital identity trends – 5 forces that are shaping 2021

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Digital identity trends – 5 forces that are shaping 2021

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This article underlines 5 trends related to digital identity in the future years. Digital identity is linked to specific credentials (such as eID in Italy). These credentials are needed for accessing some public services.

The 5 trends:

1.      Mobile communication dominates

2.      Guaranteed security: private data, public framework

3.      The smart city will become our playground

4.      Public supervision will be critical to sustaining growth in the digital economy

5.      Three-stage dynamics (from theory to proof-of-concept, to pilot, to implementation) will drive digital ID pilots and roll-outs

Security will be one of the challenges for public authorities: create “digital bonds that secure relationship between new mobile identities and broader society”. To this end, we need a framework of trust built on personal data protection. Thus, one of the trends for the future will be to guarantee as much as possible privacy for all citizens. Trust is demanded in all exchanges between citizens and public authorities. It will be a great challenge to have an effective "public framework" for "private data"!
erica_t

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Estimated reading time: 11 minutes​​​​

​

Digital identity is well and truly established as one of the most significant technology trends on the planet.

Indeed, for a growing number of public stakeholders and citizens, it's already a day-to-day reality. As a result, a revolution in the way that individuals interact with public institutions is underway.

And the private sector is fast getting in on the act too.

In this dossier, we'll highlight the five key digital identity trends that are set to shape the landscape in 2020 and beyond.

But first, let's look back at some of the landmarks of 2016-2018.​

Digital ID milestones for 2016-2018

Before we look to the future, let's review the big ideas that gained traction in the past two years. This overview will provide some reliable indicators as to where we are heading.

National ID schemes increased in number, visibility and reach

The U.N. and World Bank ID4D initiatives set a goal of providing everyone on the planet with a legal identity by 2030.

Numerous new National eID programs (including card and/or mobile-based schemes) were launched or initiated. Examples include new schemes in Algeria, Belgium (mobile ID ), Cameroon, Ecuador, Jordan, Kyrgyzstan, Italy, Iran, Japan, Senegal, Thailand, Turkey, major announcements in Afghanistan, ​Denmark, the Netherlands, Bulgaria, the Maldives, Norway, Liberia, Poland, Jamaica, Sri​ Lanka, Zambia and a pilot scheme in Myanmar. Some of these programs now include biometrics, the majority in the form of fingerprints.

Schemes such as the Gov.UK Verify initiative started in 2016, and Australia announced that the first phase of its digital identity program launched in August 2017.

France also announced early 2018 its national eID scheme for fall 2019.

Canada is also progressing with its federal digital identity scheme named Pan-Canadian Trust Framework piloted by the Digital ID & Authentication Council of Canada, a non-profit organization (DIACC​). A federal proof of concept project for a unified login authentication service called Sign In Canada started in the fall of 2018.

Aadhaar (India's national eID scheme) crossed the 1 billion users mark​ in 2016. At the end of 2018,1,2B Indian residents got their Aadhaar ID (99% of adults), a digital identity that can be obtained based on their biometric and demographic data.​

New technologies and regulations supporting the transformation ahead

Digital driver's license projects (also known as mobile driver's licenses) gathered momentum in countries including the USA, U.K., Australia, and the Netherlands.

Early tests of blockchain technologies took place: in Estonia, to aid the development of a ground-breaking transnational e-residency program; in the U.K., to see how it can be used to help make efficient welfare payments to citizens. Blockchain-based self-sovereign identity has been explored for decentralized digital ID architecture since 2018.

Smart borders/smart airports emerged at a faster pace. Combined with the 1 billion ePassports now in circulation, and a strong push behind biometrics (particularly face recognition​), they offered travellers a taste of cross-border movement that is as secure as it is swift and seamless.

The European Union's Electronic Identification and Signature (eIDAS) regulation came into force in July 2016, requiring mandatory cross border recognition of electronic I.D. by September 2018.

New standards emerged, fostering compatibility and interoperability.

A new ICAO working group on digital travel credentials was created, led by Australia.

The LDS2 conception phase - 'the future of the ePassport' - was undertaken by the ICAO NTWG Logical Data Structure 2 Sub-Group.

The ISO SC17 WG10 - Task Force 14 "Mobile Driving Licence" started to work on verification standards for Mobile DL and defined the scope of off-line verification. 2018 will see draft specs of both off-line and on-line verification appear for a new work item.

The IATA mobile I.D. working group was constituted in 2016 and started in 2017.

The U.S. Commerce Department's National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) awarded a federal grant to support further the development of trusted identities, based on the Digital driver's license.

​

Digital identity - 5 forces that shape 2019-2020

​To start with, don't expect any slow down in the momentum we've experienced over the past two years.

The next two years will see some of the most accelerated evolutionary changes experienced so far by public stakeholders and their partners in the field of secure digital identity.

In particular, we think that these changes represent essential considerations for authorities that want to make digital identity and on-line services (particularly mobile services) defining features of their modernization processes in the years to come.

We expect to see:

1. More mobility

2. Greater demand for security and trust

3. An accelerating shift towards smart citi es

4. More calls for public supervision of digital identification systems

5. Even more National ID card and eID programs ​, national I.D. ​​initiatives and implementations

Let's dig in.

#1 Mobile communication dominates

I.D. will become ever more mobile. Of course, it doesn't take an expert to recognize we've entered an era in which mobile connectivity dominates. But it's worth emphasizing that the trend shows no sign of abating. And the implications for digital ID are profound.

Look at some of the facts:

​​​ 52% of global internet traffic is mobile according to Statista. Mobile devices (also including tablets) are now the primary means of accessing the internet for users.

Google - a company that knows a thing or two about the future of technology - is steadily moving towards a mobile-only world.

The lesson for all digital ID stakeholders is clear: prepare for mobile-first solutions.

#2 Guaranteed security: Private data, public framework

We'll expect nothing less. Identity is the link that connects an individual to his or her community.

For public authorities, the key challenge in the next two years will be to create harmonious digital bonds that secure the relationship between new mobile identities and broader society.

This bond is only possible through a general framework of trust, built on guarantees of private data protection and security.

In 2018-2020, we've seen and will continue to see that measures taken to bolster security and combat fraud are generally well accepted by citizens. These are, of course, sovereign matters par excellence.

The Cambridge Analytica revelation mid-2018 was (once more) a good illustration for the need for a robust digital identity framework, privacy by design and regulation.

Facebook offered none of the seven principles of Privacy by Design.

​These predictions are confirmed by what we discovered about expectations for mobile security, in interviews conducted with 1300 citizens in November 2016.
Robust security measures will be the obvious response to new demands for trust in all exchanges between citizens and public authorities.
In terms of privacy protection, the General Data Protection Regulation of May 2018 (GDPR) for the European Member States represents a significant step forward for data protection and privacy. Twenty-eight countries are impacted, including the U.K.

Yes, you read that right. 500m persons have the same law.

In August 2017, India's supreme court ruled privacy a " fundamental right" in a landmark case illustrating that biometric data protection is now on top of regulators' list in the largest democracy of the world.

Modi's new government enhanced privacy protection laws in 2019.

The California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) voted at the end of May 2018 is now effective as of 1 January 2020. It's is a significant step forward for privacy rights as the state is often seen as a trendsetter in this domain.

The law is potentially a model for a U.S. (i.e. federal) data privacy law. In that sense, the CCPA has the potential to become as important as the GDPR.

And New York State now stands beside California with its Stop Hacks and Improve Electronic Data Security (in short SHIELD) act, effective on 21 March 2020.

Privacy​ demands rigorous accountability. We saw in 2018-2020 the emergence of a global consensus, its fundamental principle being that mismanagement of personal information will not be tolerated and that companies that do not protect data properly could be hit with large fines.​

More on GDPD, CCPA and SHIELD in our dossiers on data protection regulations.

Take a look at these key takeaways:

Citizens are prepared, willing and waiting for greater security.

2020 represents a perfect opportunity for public authorities to revitalize the 'sovereign bond' with citizens. In doing so, they can prove it is not some obscure relic of the past, but a symbolic, identity-rich vehicle for collective trust.

#3 The smart city will become our playground

Around the world, the shift of populations to urban environments is already one of the defining trends of the 21 st century. Inevitably, technological developments are becoming inextricably linked with this mass migration.

The digital or the smart city​ is becoming the model that ensures consistency in all the links between urbanites, their wider communities and public authorities. This model includes, of course, eGovernment or mGovernment, within which digital identity is the key that unlocks the individual's access to a rich array of services and support.

Or, to put it another way, the smart city is set to become our new playground.

By their very nature, smart cities are mobile environments. The digital ID will, therefore, represent the 'virtual umbilical cord' that continuously links each individual to their public and social life.

The message for public authorities is clear: national digital ID creates an unrivalled opportunity for local creativity. ​
So here's another key takeaway.

Think national, act locally. In a mobile-only world, local services become even more relevant.

#4 Public supervision will be critical to sustaining growth in the digital economy

Faced with an increasingly challenging economic landscape, governments are inevitably searching for new opportunities for sustainable, harmonious growth.

As regulatory environments take shape, close collaboration between the financial world, central and local public authorities and digital communications operators will support effective solutions and implementation of best practices.

Of course, the real source of new business opportunities is not digital identity itself, but the myriad of applications it enables. This domain is where banks and other operators will see a bottom-line return on their investment.

As already outlined, the march of the digital ID is well underway. The focus will, therefore, be on the adoption of the new structures and regulations that are needed to govern the associated services and transactions.
So what does this mean in practice?
The role of public authorities in 2018-2020 will be to:

Build and nurture national momentum.

Support and coordinate local government investments through which local transformations, close to the community, can operate effectively and efficiently.

Make sure that these multiple local initiatives create a coherent and interoperable spectrum of solutions: wherever they may be, mobile citizens will need to find similar modes of service.

In the years ahead, the market will follow these initiatives.

How can we be so sure?

Because evidence of uptake of digital ID and associated services is multiplying, giving us the clearest signals since the concept was first introduced some fifteen years ago that a tipping point has been reached.

#5 Three-stage dynamics will drive digital ID pilots and roll-outs

The digital ID evolution - as broad as it is dynamic - will continue to move forward. The citizen is the fundamental driver of these changes.

Millennials now make up a majority of employees and a growing proportion of total citizen populations. They are reshaping the culture of our institutions. Ultimately, this tech-savvy generation is being proved right.

The older generations, by finally joining in and adopting these forms of technology, can break out of their isolation, stay in contact, and preserve social and especially family bonds.

For 2018-2020, we see equally strong dynamics across the following three stages:

From theory to proof-of-concept: 2018 and 2019 will be the year of proof-of-concept for the blockchain in public services - specifically in areas such as e-government and health care. Questions on the real interest of self-sovereign identity for digital identity will be answered.

From proof-of-concept to pilot:As it moves from a proof-of-concept technology into secure and interoperable solutions with new standards, 2019 and 2020 will be the "years of the pilot" for digital driver's licenses, digital credentials on mobile, and virtual/digital cloud passports.

From pilot to implementation: Countries will move more quickly than expected, and we could reach a tipping point over the next 24 months. Many national ID schemes are approaching critical mass.

​Now it's your turn

2020 hold many changes in store. Indeed, we can't claim to predict all the essential issues and topics that will emerge in the year to come.

Can you fill in some of the gaps?

If you've something to say on national digital ID trends, a question to ask, or have found this article useful; please leave a comment in the box below. We'd also welcome any suggestions on how it could be improved or proposals for future papers.
We look forward to hearing from you.

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Top 5 digital ID trends shaping 2020 (and beyond)

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Estimated reading time: 11 minutes​​​​ ​ Digital identity is well and truly established as one of the most significant technology trends on the planet. Indeed, for a growing number of public stakeholders and citizens, it's already a day-to-day reality. As a result, a revolution in the way that individuals interact with public institutions is underway.

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Digital identity management: How much of your personal information do you control?

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Digital identity management: How much of your personal information do you control?

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Digital identity management: How much of your personal information do you control?

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reading this short article mademe reflect on how little we pay attention to advertisement sometimes and what actually go behind them. There is this invasive technology and still we are, in general, superficial abou what we do online and by whom our data may be collected

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Get a truly global perspective on the fashion industry, straight to your inbox

Receive original insights & analysis to help improve your business decisions

Access downloadable infographics & data snapshots on a weekly basis

Tap into Condé Nast's network of editors and business leaders in 31 markets

Read everything you need to stay ahead in fashion today

Deepfakes are moving out of the darker corners of the internet. Tech experts predict positive applications for fashion.

A 2018 Zalando campaign featuring model Cara Delevingne across 290,000 localised ads was achieved using deepfake technology to produce a range of alternative shots and voice fonts. Now, as the algorithms for manipulating and synthesising media become more powerful, the fashion sector is beginning to take notice.

In the tech world, deepfakes specifically refer to media produced by artificial intelligence technology called generative adversarial networks. Deepfakes are video or audio that has been modified, such as by changing a face, the words spoken or the language used. The term was first coined on the internet in 2017 by combining "deep-learning" and "fakes".

Zalando's campaign ran on Facebook across 12 countries, gaining 180 million impressions across social media, according to Infinitizer, the micro-targeting specialist agency that worked on the campaign.

Advances in technology have made it harder to distinguish between real and fabricated media. Deepfakes have had a bad reputation, not least because the majority are fake pornography. Critics also point out the dangers of political deepfakes that might generate convincing fake news. "Any digital window to the real world is one that can be duped and faked sometimes," acknowledges Sunny Dhillon, a VC who has invested in a deepfake marketing company.

Like a rising number of marketers and investors, Dhillon emphasises the "absolutely positive" applications of the technology. As Covid-19 lockdowns restrict in-person activities, and advertisers explore digital technologies, deepfakes have significant potential for experiential marketing. Face-swapping technology, which once took weeks to execute, can now be completed in minutes with a result that is "Hollywood quality", according to Reface co-founder Dima Shvets.

Experiential marketing tends to be associated with the physical environment, like pop-up stores, but deepfake technology can bring experiential marketing online, directly to consumers, says Dhillon. Examples might include interactive fashion weeks or gaming experiences, he says.

Dynamic influencer marketing

Dynamic campaigns - the term for micro-targeted ads at scale - are becoming a key tool in a marketer's arsenal. Deepfakes have the potential to help brands reach customers with highly targeted and personalised messaging. For influencers and celebrities, deepfakes help them to easily broaden their reach by agreeing to front a fashion ad campaign and model clothes without even turning up for a photo shoot. Millions of different deepfake ads can instantly run across platforms like Facebook, while up to 100 different influencer ads targeted at various audiences could run, says Simon Lejeune, a growth marketing consultant.

It's not a giant leap in a world where digital identities such as gaming avatars are already overlapping with real-life identities, while CGI models are mixing with real-life influencers. Imagine a new kind of deal, where an influencer provides a brand with a sample of 15 minutes of audio content and a few video shots. Using deepfake technology, a brand can transform that content into thousands of hyper-targeted ads. "Influencers might start licensing their faces and voices to brands," says Lejeune. "A computer can take their faces and voices and reproduce them in 16 different languages or poses, and select the most persuasive one."

Over the past year, brands have pivoted towards acquiring licensing and usage rights to influencer-produced content and using the content as ads from their brand channels, rather than paying influencers to post on their own feeds, says Emily Hall, campaign director at marketing agency Goat, which has offices in London, New York and Singapore. By acquiring usage rights, brands can decide on captions that better match their tone of voice or produce different cuts and edits of the content to post on whichever social media they consider most effective, with metrics available. "It gives brands an element of control," says Hall.

Organic influencer content typically costs 5 per cent more, but acquiring usage rights could cost 20 to 30 per cent more than the original fee. "It's still very good value for money," says Hall. "The influencers are still creating content and doing the heavy lifting for the brands."

Dynamic voiceover and deepfake videos offer huge potential for marketers in many sectors. A 2019 malaria awareness ad featuring David Beckham speaking nine languages showed how deepfakes can broaden the reach of a public message, receiving 400 million impressions globally within two months.

Deepfakes can also support influencers and content creators who are asked to create more live content but may not be exceptional performers in all media, says Dhillon. Hall agrees: "You're taking away that risk of a human element, while still retaining a human touch."

Hyper-personalised advertising

Chinese tech companies are further along in using deepfakes in marketing. In a July 2020 white paper about its plans for AI, Chinese tech giant Tencent emphasises that deepfakes are "not just about 'faking' and 'deceiving', but a highly creative and groundbreaking technology". The company urged regulators to avoid clamping down on this nascent tech trend. For fashion, Tencent cited how deepfakes can show outfits on a broader variety of models with different skin tones, heights and weights. When consumers see products as extensions of themselves, they are willing to buy more, pay a higher price and advocate to friends, Harvard Business Review found.

Deepfakes can provide a route to "very quick understanding" for customers viewing new collections from a brand, says Matthew Drinkwater, head of the Fashion Innovation Agency (FIA) at London College of Fashion. He first started running deepfake experiments in 2019, when Microsoft sponsored a project that enabled his team to insert consumers in ads. "This isn't about fit. It's about giving you a first impression of how something might look."

This month, Gucci has partnered with software firm Niantic to release a new collaboration with The North Face in a game of Pokémon Go. "Imagine if Gucci could take it one step further and send its top 50 clients personalised videos of themselves wearing the new collection," Shvets of Reface AI says. In 2020, Reface AI enabled users to virtually try on Gucci clothes as part of a trial with Kering, resulting in one million swaps in a single day.

Retailers can also hyper-personalise service using a deepfaked assistant to help with online enquiries who is a customer's exact demographic and speaks their language. Rather than talk to a faceless bot, shoppers could talk to a "real" face, which could enhance trust, says Drinkwater. "All of the indications are that if you're able to personalise content, consumers are more likely to engage, so there's a real practical application for the industry to start using this more widely."

Some form of regulation is likely, notes marketer Lejeune. Potential discretion could include labels clarifying that deepfakes are not real people, he says. Dhillon adds that blockchain has potential as a future means of tracking authenticity.

Consumer data protection is another hot subject. Supporters of deepfakes say that the success of existing face-swap apps shows that consumers are comfortable with sharing their data. In 2019, AI photo editor FaceApp, which enables users to change their facial expressions, looks and age, was a viral hit. In 2020, Sway, an AI-powered app that enables users to visualise themselves dancing, became the third most downloaded app in the US during Super Bowl weekend.

The ethical implications of deepfakes have yet to be fully explored, suggests FIA's Drinkwater. But he is convinced deepfakes are here to stay. "The technologies that surround artificial intelligence and machine learning are already critical to how brands can manage different aspects of their business, from their supply chain to marketing and communications. [Adoption] is not so much a pivot but a deepening commitment to technology and deep learning."

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How deepfakes could change fashion advertising

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Receive original insights & analysis to help improve your business decisions Access downloadable infographics & data snapshots on a weekly basis Tap into Condé Nast's network of editors and business leaders in 31 markets Read everything you need to stay ahead in fashion today Deepfakes are moving out of the darker corners of the internet.

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https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_21_2663

it's a new proposal and, as all the new ideas, has to be refined but will a european digital identity help people to not share too much personal info?

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An extra twist how our digital identities can become a 'live' representation of ourselves..

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An extra twist how our digital identities can become a 'live' representation of ourselves..

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It's probably more scary than fascinating that using our data, AI can act as 'us' to help with errands, including calling places for appointments.

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Google Duplex: A.I. Assistant Calls Local Businesses To Make Appointments

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Your Roomba May Be Mapping Your Home, Collecting Data That Could Be Shared

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Your Roomba May Be Mapping Your Home, Collecting Data That Could Be Shared

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Also related - how we share information about ourselves through the Internet of Things

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The Roomba 980 from iRobot, which was released in 2015. Some of the company's robotic vacuums collect spatial data to map users' homes. Credit... iRobot, via Reuters

Your Roomba may be vacuuming up more than you think.

High-end models of Roomba, iRobot's robotic vacuum, collect data as they clean, identifying the locations of your walls and furniture. This helps them avoid crashing into your couch, but it also creates a map of your home that iRobot could share with Amazon, Apple or Google.

That prospect stirred some alarm when Reuters quoted iRobot's chief executive, Colin Angle, saying that a deal could come in the next two years. But iRobot disputed that account, saying in a statement on Tuesday: "We have not formed any plans to sell data." Reuters issued a correction, saying Mr. Angle was hoping to share the maps free with customer consent, not sell them.

The confusion underscored that the frontier of smart home data and privacy can be a sensitive one. In the hands of a company like Amazon, Apple or Google, that data could fuel the growing product category of digital home assistants.

"When we think about 'what is supposed to happen' when I enter a room, everything depends on the room at a foundational level knowing what is in it," an iRobot spokesman said in a written response to questions. "In order to 'do the right thing' when you say 'turn on the lights,' the room must know what lights it has to turn on. Same thing for music, TV, heat, blinds, the stove, coffee machines, fans, gaming consoles, smart picture frames or robot pets."

But the data, if shared, could also be a windfall for marketers, and the implications are easy to imagine. No armchair in your living room? You might see ads for armchairs next time you open Facebook. Did your Roomba detect signs of a baby? Advertisers might target you accordingly.

Jamie Lee Williams, a staff lawyer at the Electronic Frontier Foundation, a digital rights group, said information about the size of a home and the amount of furniture in it could allow advertisers to deduce the owner's income level. Eventually, it might even be possible to identify the brands the owner uses.

"Especially combined with other data, this is going to be able to reveal a ton of information about what people's lifestyles are like, what people's daily patterns are like," Ms. Williams said.

Albert Gidari, director of privacy at the Stanford Center for Internet and Society, said that if iRobot did share the data, it would raise a variety of legal questions.

What happens if a Roomba user consents to the data collection and later sells his or her home - especially furnished - and now the buyers of the data have a map of a home that belongs to someone who didn't consent, Mr. Gidari asked. How long is the data kept? If the house burns down, can the insurance company obtain the data and use it to identify possible causes? Can the police use it after a robbery?

Some who reacted online on Monday and Tuesday were alarmed.

"Your friendly little Roomba could soon become a creepy little spy that sells maps of your house to advertisers," tweeted OpenMedia, a Canadian nonprofit.

"Just remember that the Roomba knows what room your child is in," Rhett Jones wrote in Gizmodo. "It's the one where it bumps into all the toys on the floor."

In its written response, iRobot said that it was "committed to the absolute privacy of our customer-related data." Consumers can use a Roomba without connecting it to the internet, or "opt out of sending map data to the cloud through a switch in the mobile app."

"No data is sold to third parties," the statement added. "No data will be shared with third parties without the informed consent of our customers."

"Informed consent," of course, can be a vaguely defined term; Ms. Williams and Mr. Gidari noted that it might simply involve a privacy policy that few consumers read. But this criticism is "really applicable across the board to everybody's privacy policy," Mr. Gidari said. "It's really tough to criticize one without criticizing all."

Mr. Gidari added that in today's technological climate, iRobot's plans were unsurprising. "It kind of goes with the mantra that everything that can be connected will be connected," he said, and a corollary "is that all the data that can be collected will be collected."

But in the long term, what iRobot does with individual users' data may not be the most important question. The third-party collection and dissemination of information about the inside of homes could have implications for the privacy laws that constrain the government and law enforcement.

The Supreme Court has held that Americans have "a reasonable expectation of privacy in your home," Mr. Gidari said. "Once your home is turned inside out, does that reasonable expectation of privacy dissipate?"

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Your Roomba May Be Mapping Your Home, Collecting Data That Could Be Shared (Published 2017)

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Your Roomba may be vacuuming up more than you think. High-end models of Roomba, iRobot's robotic vacuum, collect data as they clean, identifying the locations of your walls and furniture. This helps them avoid crashing into your couch, but it also creates a map of your home that iRobot could share with Amazon, Apple or Google.

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Technoself studies, commonly referred to as TSS, is an emerging, interdisciplinarity domain of scholarly research dealing with all aspects of human identity in a technological society, focusing on the changing nature of relationships between the human and technology. Technoself studies seeks to map and analyze these mutually influential developments with a focus on identity, rather than technical developments.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technoself_studies#Digital_identity_and_virtual_life

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Find out what is real and what is distortion

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https://www.agid.gov.it/en/platforms/eidas

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Digital identity nowaday is a useful tool that enables using online public services. But care must be taken because crimed have also increased. Identity theft can be a costly, time-consuming and a very real problem for those that it happens to.

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dirittodellinformatica.it - Rivista telematica su diritto e tecnologia

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Privacy e sicurezza Informatica

Secondo la definizione data dalla psicologia e dalle scienze sociali, in via del tutto generale, l'identità personale consisterebbe nella rappresentazione di un individuo in relazione al contesto sociale in cui sviluppa la sua personalità. Essa è costituita quindi dalle sue esperienze, dai suoi gusti e dalle sue convinzioni personali.

L'Identità personale, così definita, rientra anche tra i beni giuridici tutelati dall'ordinamento, che vuole proteggere tutelare l'interesse del soggetto ad essere rappresentato nel contesto sociale in cui vive e in cui esprime la sua personalità, come libera determinazione (e rappresentazione) del proprio io.

In questo senso, quindi, l'ordinamento giuridico riconosce il diritto del singolo a mantenere il controllo sulla rappresentazione che ha di sé agli occhi della società. Da questi concetti si sviluppano, peraltro, le questioni giuridiche relative alla tutela dell'onore, del decoro, della reputazione, nonché del diritto all'immagine.

Tale diritto rientra infatti tra i diritti fondamentali della persona umana ed è stato così definito anche dalla Corte Costituzionale, secondo la quale il diritto all'identità personale consisterebbe nel " diritto ad essere sé stesso, inteso come rispetto dell'immagine di partecipe alla vita associata, con le acquisizioni di idee ed esperienze, con le convinzioni ideologiche, religiose, morali e sociali che differenziano, ed al tempo stesso qualificano, l'individuo ".

Sempre in questo contesto si vanno dunque ad inserire anche le problematiche relative alla tutela dell'" identità digitale", ovvero di quell'insieme di dati ed informazioni immessi sul web e riferibili ad uno specifico soggetto/utente. È chiaro, infatti, che ogni azione compiuta nella realtà di internet fornisce al sistema dei dati che consentono di ricostruire un profilo più o meno dettagliato dell'utente a cui si riferiscono, relativo alla sua personalità, alle sue preferenze ed opinioni personali: in breve, la sua identità personale.

Ma cosa accadrebbe se si perdesse il controllo sulle informazioni che costituiscono la nostra identità digitale? E cosa significa invece, al contrario, averne il totale controllo?

I casi di furto di identità tramite acquisizione dei dati personali dell'utente sono ormai all'ordine del giorno. Per questo, sempre di più si stanno, da un lato, promuovendo delle campagne per la sensibilizzazione degli utenti, nonché, dall'altro lato, sviluppando nuove tecnologie per cercare di prevenire queste violazioni.

Tuttavia, ci si è resi conto anche delle potenzialità di internet per chi vuole far emergere, attraverso il web, una determinata immagine di sé rivolta al proprio pubblico online, grazie al controllo che si può avere sui dati informatici che costituiscono la propria identità digitale.

I profili giuridici

Il Decreto del Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri 24 ottobre 2014, anche conosciuto come Decreto SPID, definisce all'art. 1, lett. o), l'Identità digitale come la " la rappresentazione informatica della corrispondenza biunivoca tra un utente e i suoi attributi identificativi, verificata attraverso l'insieme dei dati raccolti e registrati in forma digitale". Secondo questa definizione quindi, l'identità digitale sarebbe costituita dall'insieme di dati che abilitano il soggetto a compiere le proprie attività in rete, ossia le tecniche di autenticazione e identificazione dell'utente (ad es. le credenziali di accesso).

Ne deriva, quindi, che il concetto di "identità digitale" comprenderebbe, da un lato, la proiezione dell'identità personale di un individuo sul web, dall'altro, l'insieme delle tecniche di identificazione del soggetto che gli consentono di agire nella realtà virtuale tramite strumenti informatici.

Pertanto, la tutela giuridica dell'Identità digitale comprende due profili distinti:

la tutela della Privacy, che mira a tutelare l'identità digitale dell'utente, specie per i profili reputazionali e dell'immagine;

la sicurezza informatica, che protegge l'identità dell'utente sotto il profilo di autenticazione/identificazione informatica.

I due aspetti sono chiaramente collegati e molteplici sono gli effetti negativi che potrebbero derivare ad una tutela inadeguata.

La tutela giuridica del GDPR e del Codice della Privacy

In tale contesto si inserisce il sistema di tutele del GDPR e del Codice della Privacy, che punta a tutelare l'identità personale degli "interessati" cercando di prevenire i rischi connessi al trattamento dei dati personali.

Con riferimento all'identità digitale, il GDPR e il Codice della Privacy prevedono una serie di garanzie e di principi per fare in modo che l'utente della realtà informatica mantenga il controllo sui dati immessi in rete, in particolare su quei dati da cui possono emergere la sua personalità, le sue preferenze e, in generale, ogni informazione idonea a consentire a terzi la ricostruzione della sua identità personale.

A tal proposito, l'art. 5 GDPR prevede innanzitutto che i dati personali siano trattati in modo lecito, corretto e trasparente nei confronti dell'interessato: in questo senso, prima che venga effettuato qualunque trattamento, l'interessato dovrebbe essere informato circa le finalità, le modalità, la base giuridica del trattamento, nonché il tempo di conservazione dei dati. Così l'interessato sarebbe consapevole delle operazioni di trattamento effettuate sui propri dati e, almeno potenzialmente, potrebbe controllarne la diffusione.

Di particolare importanza risulta poi la disciplina del consenso come base giuridica del trattamento. Infatti, a prescindere da alcune eccezioni previste dalla normativa (art. 6 GDPR), il consenso dell'interessato al trattamento dei dati risulta fondamentale, soprattutto quando ne può derivare la ricostruzione di un profilo dell'utente idoneo ad incidere sulla sua libera determinazione come individuo nella società. Particolarmente delicati risultano in questo senso i dati relativi alla salute o a precedenti penali, ai quali è necessario fare particolare attenzione.

Il rischio della perdita di controllo sull'identità digitale

Una delle cause della possibile perdita del controllo della propria identità digitale è, innanzitutto, il furto di identità digitale sotto il profilo dell'autenticazione/identificazione, ovvero l'utilizzo di dati e informazioni relative all'utente con lo scopo di sostituirsi allo stesso.

Questo furto può essere effettuato con varie modalità, ma, generalmente, consiste in una condotta rivolta ad acquisire dati o informazioni personali dell'utente con lo scopo di utilizzarli per compiere ulteriori reati o semplicemente per sostituirsi all'utente nel compimento di determinate attività nel web. Un esempio è costituito dalla creazione di un falso profilo social con dati personali altrui rintracciabili in rete.

Le conseguenze per l'utente possono essere anche molto gravi, sia dal punto di vista reputazionale, sia da quello finanziario. Ci sono infatti varie strategie a cui fare attenzione: tra le più diffuse, vi sono il phishing, che consiste in una truffa informatica effettuata inviando una e-mail alla vittima fingendosi un istituto di credito, in cui si invita il destinatario a fornire dati riservati, oppure il furto dell'identità allo scopo di compiere dei reati in modo da addossare la responsabilità alla vittima del furto.

A tal proposito, l'art. 630 ter del Codice penale, al co. 3, prevede come penalmente rilevante la condotta di chi, mediante il furto o l'indebito utilizzo dell'identità digitale, commetta una frode informatica in danno a uno o più soggetti.

Conclusioni

In conclusione, la tutela dell'identità digitale da parte dell'ordinamento avviene attraverso tecniche diverse e principalmente sotto due diversi profili: da un lato, attraverso l'impiego di sistemi di sicurezza informatica che impediscano l'accesso a informazioni riservate; dall'altro, sotto il profilo dell'identità personale dell'utente, tramite la previsione normativa di principi e regole per gli operatori per garantire la liceità del trattamento.

Infatti, allo stato attuale, risulta di particolare importanza mantenere il controllo dei propri dati personali sul web, sia al fine di evitare i rischi connessi ad esempio al furto d'identità, sia per poter costruire un'identità digitale che sia strumentale all'immagine che vogliamo ottenere agli occhi della società online, ma anche offline, atteso che entrambe le realtà sono ormai del tutto interconnesse.

Redazione Diritto dell'Informatica

Tags: diritto all'identità personale, furto d'identità, gdpr, identità digitale, identità personale, privacy, sicurezza informatica, spid, trattamento dei dati

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L'identità digitale: la tutela della personalità dell'individuo sul web - dirittodellinformatica.it - Rivista telematica su diritto e tecnologia

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Secondo la definizione data dalla psicologia e dalle scienze sociali, in via del tutto generale, l'identità personale consisterebbe nella rappresentazione di un individuo in relazione al contesto sociale in cui sviluppa la sua personalità. Essa è costituita quindi dalle sue esperienze, dai suoi gusti e dalle sue convinzioni personali.

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"As long as algorithms' goals
are to keep us engaged,they will continue to feed us the poison
that plays to our worst instincts." Yaël Eisenstat said.
She is diplomat and ex Facebook employee, she
is convinced that we are being bombarded with infomation that underlines our point of view and consolidates our prejudices. This techniques breaks democracy and it is the same used by terrorist recruiters.

https://www.ted.com/talks/yael_eisenstat_dear_facebook_this_is_how_you_re_breaking_democracy#t-327119

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Our right to privacy is protected since 1976 by an international legally binding instrument, the ICCPR, in its Article 17: "1. No one shall be subjected to arbitrary or unlawful interference with his privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor to unlawful attacks on his honour and reputation. 2. Everyone has the right to the protection of the law against such interference or attacks."
However, Don Tapscott highlights the urgent need of the new Biden-Harris US administration (but I would argue of any government) to update the legislation on privacy and data collection and ownership. The most relevant point in the article by Don Tapscott is to allow users to own their own data and digital identities and to make internet a safe space, in order to take advantage of it.

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This article is the third piece in a series of articles based on my February report, "New Directions for Government in the Second Era of the Digital Age: Strategy, Policy, and Action for the Biden-Harris Administration." Over the next several weeks, I will be releasing four more articles highlighting some of the key themes discussed in the 120-page report, which provides a comprehensive framework for a new US digital strategy and policy. If you haven't read the full report, you can do so here.

We're over two decades into an era of digital feudalism. Under the medieval feudal system, the nobility owned vast amounts of land and could confiscate the crops their serfs grew. Today's new asset class is data, created by us but captured and monetized by digital overlords-social media companies, search engines, online retailers, governments, and banks. In exchange, we get maybe a few relevant discounts.

We need fundamental change in society's approach to secure our data and our digital identities. In our view, these are the priorities for government:

1. Cybersecurity of US digital infrastructure is paramount.Russian hackers' recent cyberattack on the United States was remarkable and unprecedented in its scope, sophistication, and impact. The intrusion must serve as a call for a global, coordinated effort to secure the technology-based supply chains and information systems upon which democratic societies depend.

2. Lawmakers must recognize people's right to their own data.Citizens primarily leave a data trail as they go about their lives. The data are so granular and multidimensional that they constitute a digital twin of sorts. People should have full custody of their digital twins as they do their bodies and their thoughts-a basic digital human right. Yet no one governs or regulates these data. America should be the first country where citizens own their data, using it to plan their lives, monetizing it, protecting their privacy and data security, and making it available as appropriate for societal reasons, such as health data in a pandemic.

3. Every citizen needs a self-sovereign digital identity. To do this the federal government should take a page from Sir Tim Berners-Lee, the inventor of the Web, and seek viable digital solutions such as Berners-Lee's Solid technology so that consumers can collect, store, and use their own data on the Web. The government should encourage the numerous efforts underway that use blockchain in protecting identity and utilizing user data confidentially. For example, as individuals recover from COVID-19 and develop verifiable immunity, they could receive a health certification to attach to their digital identity, to prove that they are safe to work in public again. In effect, the digital identity would serve as an immunity passport that expired when immunity expired.

4. Efforts to close the Digital Divide must accelerate. We cannot solve systemic inequality in the economy if we replicate it in cyberspace. When COVID-19 hit, many Americans could access the Internet to do what they needed to do. Yet, too many people lacked and still lack the devices, Internet services, and know-how to keep up. To close this divide, the Biden-Harris administration must prioritize low-cost services and devices and high-speed broadband to connect marginalized communities in urban and rural dead zones. Every school should have digital literacy and cyber safety courses.

5. Lawmakers must regulate the collection, use, storage, and protection of personal data. Companies must stop hoarding user data and return these assets to their owners or migrate the data to distributed storage systems and transfer control to owners. If online sites want to use these data, then they must do so transparently-no decrypting, copying, storing, or associating the data with the user's identity-in exchange for a clear and desired user benefit.

Imagine having a virtual you, which collects and holds even more detailed and highly personal information and myriad measures of where you are, what you are doing, how you are functioning, and even your mood-a virtual you that gives you rather than Facebook, Amazon, and Google insights into your interests, behavior, and close connections. Now imagine what you could do with those data, perhaps to understand yourself better and improve your life and the lives of your loved ones. This power is within reach, if we reach for it.

Thank you for reading this week's newsletter. I look forward to hearing your comments.

Best regards,
Celebrating by Ted Eytan, 2020, used under CC BY-SA 2.0; Sign with No Drones in Santorini, Greece: Privacy Must Be Protected by Marco Verch, 2020, used under CC BY 2.0; Developer using Laptop and Smartphone by Sora Shimazaki, 2020, used under Pexels license.
Don

Published By

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Digital Identity and Taking Back Our Data - New Directions for Government #3

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This article is the third piece in a series of articles based on my February report, "New Directions for Government in the Second Era of the Digital Age: Strategy, Policy, and Action for the Biden-Harris Administration." Over the next several weeks, I will be releasing four more articles highlightin

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How important it is to have prove of your identity, even if your papers are lost or stolen. Thanks to digital identity, we can prove who we are no matter where we are. Amazing!

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Identity In A Digital Age | Lory Kehoe | TEDxDunLaoghaire

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I found this post very interesting. It analyses the digital identity, which is also known as Identity 2.0. It explains how do we identify ourselves online. Another important issue, that the post tells us how to protect our digital identity.

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Digital identity, which is also known as Identity 2.0, is everything that identifies us in the online world.

In the online world, in addition to retaining the same data that identifies us in the offline world, our identity is completed through everything we do: comments on articles, likes on Facebook, retweets, photos on Instagram, petitions we sign on Change.org, etc.

This set of online actions contribute to forming the perception that others have about us. In a context where digital identity theft is becoming increasingly common, how can we protect our digital identity?
This post is also available in Spanish
What is digital identity?

As we discussed in our post What defines your digital identity and what legal rights are associated with it? , our identity in the analogical world is made up of a series of characteristics - name and surname, birthdate, gender, level of education, etc.

Some of these features are included in our identity cards, which is an element associated to our analogic identity. In the digital environment, each one of us keeps this same identifying data, but our Identity 2.0 is also made up of all of our actions online.

How do we identify ourselves online?

With the development of the Internet, we are making more online purchases and accessing more services online. For example, the weekly shopping purchases or carrying out a bank operation through your bank's mobile application are both very common actions.

This is undoubtedly a breakthrough, but it also poses an important challenge regarding our digital identity' security and the privacy of our personal data online.

In that sense, one of the main challenges is developing systems for any person to prove his/her identity in the digital environment. That means that each person needs to be able to prove that he/she is who he/she claims to be, when making an online purchase or accessing a service online.

From here, the concepts of identification and authentication online arise. While identifying yourself is saying who you are, authenticating is proving that you are who you say you are.

Normally to access an online service, you identify yourself through your name and/or email, and you authenticate yourself with your password. We have discussed this in more detail in our post How to verify your customers' digital identity?

Given the rise of cybercrime in recent years, and specifically digital identity theft , authentication systems are becoming increasingly more sophisticated. An example of that would be system, Face ID. Apple's facial recognition

This system changes the fingerprint for the face, so that Iphone X users can authenticate and access their device, verify payments with Apple Pay or pay in the App Store.

How to protect your digital identity?

Digital identity theft is one of the most frequent cybercrimes.

If your digital identity is stolen, in addition to the fact that cybercriminals can access your bank accounts or make online purchases in your name, they can also damage your reputation on social networks.

To protect your identity online, first you should be very conscious that digital identity theft is increasingly common. It could happen to you tomorrow.

And secondly, it's highly recommended to put into practice the following tips:

1. Don't use public or unprotected wifi networks

The free wi-fi networks that are offered in bars, restaurants or cafes, or public wi-fi networks are not usually WPA or WEP encrypted, meaning that they are not secure. Therefore, if you have to connect to any type of service that contains your personal data, or sensitive personal information, don't use these networks. If you must do so, at least ensure that you can browse safely, accessing only pages that use the https protocol.

2. Don't use unprotected webpages Connected to the previous tip, and although you may be using a private wi-fi, it's also important to only browse websites that use the https protocol (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure). This protocol means that information that circulates through these websites is encrypted, meaning that no one can intercept it.

3. Use strong passwords and change them frequently

For those of us who have basic computer knowledge, passwords are our main resource to protect our digital identity. And perhaps we do not give them the relevance they deserve. Safe passwords should have a minimum of 16 characters, combine uppercase, lowercase and alphanumeric characters. And you should not use the same password for two different services. Since it's difficult to memorize all the passwords that we use, especially if we start using strong passwords, we highly recommend to use a password manager.

4. Update your software regularly

Whether you use Windows or Mac, operating systems are updated with a certain amount of frequency. Every time a new software update is launched, a notification will appear on your computer asking if you want to update it (in some cases, it will update automatically). It's important not to delay the process of updating your computer's software, although it usually means you will have to restart your computer and wait a few minutes. Each update contains a better version of the software, including reinforced security.

5. All the social networks that you use have their own privacy policy, and currently all of them allow you to control what you want to be published about you. Review these privacy policies and
Review permissions and privacy policies
review the permissions that you give to each social network. Maybe you're not interested in having your Instagram profile public, or maybe you want to approve each photo that tags you on Facebook, to decide if you want it to appear on your wall or not.

6. Monitor your name regularly

Surely you have already looked for your name in Google to see what the search engine knows about you (and what anyone in the world can find out about you!).

It's advisable to monitor your name in Google every so often, to check that you continue to control everything that appears about you online. This means, that you have allowed it to appear publicly on the Internet. This is very related to the previous tip.

The advanced electronic signature also protects your identity

The advanced electronic signature also serves to protect our Identity 2.0.

Whether the signature is handwritten - with pen on paper - as if it's electronic, questions may arise on the signer's identity. However, objectively determining who signed a document or contract is much easier if the signature is an advanced electronic signature.

In the case of our advanced electronic signature solution, we collect a series of biometric data from the signer's stroke, and additionally a series of electronic evidences that provide information about the context in which a signature was made.

Signaturit's biometric technology

Signaturit´s solution not only captures unique data from the device with which a signature was made (brand of the device, operating system, ...), the exact location where it was done or the IP used, but also the elements that make up the signature, such as the speed and acceleration of the signature, and on devices that allow it, the pressure on the screen.

In this way, in case of a conflict or dispute, a Court, Lawyer or Independent Expert as the case may be, may request to replicate the signature with the same device the signer used, to verify who made the signature.

This means reinforcing the Identity 2.0 over the offline identity, as the biometric data collected are impossible to falsify.

Therefore, a signer's identity is especially protected if he/she has signed with the advanced electronic signature, since there is objective evidence to prove who a signature's author is.

If you want to implement the electronic signature in your company's processes to safeguard signers' identities, whether they are employees or third parties, don't hesitate to try our advanced electronic signature solution.

Register now and try all of our features for free for 14 days.
This post is also available inSpanish

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What is Digital Identity and how can you protect yours?

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Digital identity, which is also known as Identity 2.0, is everything that identifies us in the online world. In the online world, in addition to retaining the same data that identifies us in the offline world, our identity is completed through everything we do: comments on articles, likes on Facebook, retweets, photos on Instagram, petitions we sign on Change.org, etc.

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How to protect your digital identity - video

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How to protect your digital identity - video

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I shared this brief and very simple video, because I find it interesting and very easy to understand. I think it would important to make people understand internet isn't an horrible place, but like reality, we all have to learn rules and practices of behaviors also in the virtual contexts.

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As we saw during the Module, our digital identities are often at risk and a part of their protection is up to us, so I find this video quite helpful on that theme!

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What is the best way to protect your digital identity ?

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I am afraid that Google, Facebook and other internet,  social media and other apps are doing the same against us!!!
Look how our world is at a hand of thefts! Are they using us as a commodity? Selling our belongings without notifying and requesting us for permission. By what logic or legal issues do they have a right to do that?

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I thought this infographic was especially interesting to read through and also effective in describing the many nuances of digital identity, showing how it really permeates many aspects of our daily lives.

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in 1999 I wrote my first masters thesis on the legal standing of digital signature - interesting how much - or also how little - has changed since. And also how to balance the need to have a digital presence for networking etc purposes whilst trying to avoid those having excessive market access/ power.

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This topic is very interesting for me and it makes me reflect. Talking with friends we think that when we speak about a topic in normal conversation, immediately specific advertising are shown in our profile. The site that I linked explain reason but I’m not agree for all. I’m not sure that it’s a mind bias, but I think that microphone records our words.
What do you think about ?  Definitely it’s important to know more informations about our digital identity to live the web with more awareness

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For a few years now, rumours have circulated among Instagram users that the app must be listening to private conversations in order to target advertisements. There are hundreds of reports from people who claim they have been talking with friends when all of a sudden, an advertisement for a related product appears in their feed.

Because these occurrences are so accurate (and spooky), many users are suspicious that Instagram is recording and analysing their conversations. And the fact that Instagram has access to their smartphone's microphone means that the app could actually make covert recordings.

Nothing to worry about. Maybe.

In a recent interview with CBS news, Instagram's CEO Adam Mosseri was clear - the app does not listen to your conversations. Instead he proposed two reasons why we see ads related to conversations we've just had.

First, Mosseri suggested ' dumb luck' - ads that are highly relevant and which just happen to be shown to us at the right moment. The second was slightly more complicated: ' You might be talking about something because it's top of mind because you've been interacting with that type of content more recently. It's top of mind, maybe it's subconscious and then it bubbles up later.'

A more likely reason

There is a third - and even more likely reason - however. Instagram and Facebook both use extensive data mining algorithms to generate an incredibly detailed and accurate understanding of you as a person.

These services know where you live, how much you earn, your political and sexual preferences, who your friends are and your likes and dislikes for instance. All of these details are collected based on what you share online and the type of content you interact with - including on other websites.

These algorithms then try to display adverts that are most relevant to you at a specific moment in time. It is very likely that your conversations relate to content you have seen online, and because Instagram knows what you have read/watched recently, it displays an advert related to that subject.

Mosseri knows that many people are shocked by how much Instagram knows about them and how invasive the data mining algorithms are - which is why his proposed explanation for 'spooky ads' is so vague.

How to protect yourself

The only definite way to protect yourself against spooky, invasive ads is to avoid social media altogether - but for most of us that's not an option. You can take steps to better protect your privacy however - we've produced an easy-to-use guide to walk you through the process.

So even if Instagram isn't listening to your conversations, their ad targeting mechanism is probably a lot more creepy than you realise.

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Is Instagram Listening To Your Conversations? - Panda Security

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For a few years now, rumours have circulated among Instagram users that the app must be listening to private conversations in order to target advertisements. There are hundreds of reports from people who claim they have been talking with friends when all of a sudden, an advertisement for a related product appears in their feed.

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Digital identity and Blockchain: ¿what do we need technology to do “for digital identities to truly enrich society and make human existence more dignified”? (Laura López Ramírez)

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Digital identity and Blockchain: ¿what do we need technology to do “for digital identities to truly enrich society and make human existence more dignified”? (Laura López Ramírez)

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¿How do we deal with the concept of “identity” philosophically, juridically and technologically?

That is, when defining digital identity, we have to face some questions like the following ones:

¿What properties does the identity hold?

¿Who is the data owner when these data come from a relationship amongst two or more subjects?

¿Must citizenship be attached to the identity cards and passports?, ¿which rights and duties are attached to the citizenship?

¿Which identity aspects are legally determining?

Zwitter, Gstrein and Yap represent the digital identity space in the figure below. They also argument that “Blockchain and other DLTs [Distributed Ledger Technologies] (e.g., Ethereum, Hyperledger Indy, Veres One, IOTA) enable new paradigms of identity management (Blockchain Bundesverband, 2018)”. These technologies incorporate decentralized identity management systems controlled by the individual, but the role of DLT “remains limited to the management and validation of the data once it has been registered”, “DLT does not aid in ensuring the validity of the submitted data”. And another question arises in these new paradigms: who does have a responsibility of respecting, protecting and promoting the individual rights?

I find this paper very interesting because it analyses the definition of the digital identity from a philosophical and legal perspective and presents a discussion of opportunities and risks around digital identity, specially in the Distributed Ledger Technologies. That is, it “aims to counteract the current trend to immediately jump on technology on the peak of the ‘hype-cycle’ and present it as panacea for all problems”.

Reference: Zwitter, A. J., Gstrein, O. J., & Yap, E. (2020). Digital Identity and the Blockchain: Universal Identity Management and the Concept of the “Self-Sovereign” Individual. Frontiers in Blockchain, 3, 26. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbloc.2020.00026

DIGITAL IDENTITY SPACE:

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I decided to talk about eIDV because it makes use of publicly available data as well as private databases to quickly verify the identity of an individual.
I think that it is impotant to know about eIDV because it can verify an individual’s identity, it can be less expensive in the long run to avoid doing businesses with individuals who are pretending to be someone they aren’t. For example, eIDV can detect potential fraud if a Social Security number provided by a prospective customer comes back as belonging to a deceased individual. eIDV can also be used to identify prospective customers who are on international watchlists as individuals who are politically exposed, on government sanctions lists, or suspected or convicted of financial crimes
Article: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/eidv-electronic-identity-verification.asp

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eIDV services lead the way

In the absence of universal digital identities that can be used across services and cross-border digital identity, eIDV (electronic identity and document verification) services solve a key problem: how to prove a person’s identity for access to online/remote services.

eIDV services also remedy the issue of trust between service providers and their users. As David Britton, VP Industry Solutions of Experian, explained when interviewed for the recent Goode Intelligence Digital Identity & Document Verification Market report (1): “Right now we are in a state of transition where we will have a combination of old and new identity – physical ID documents and digital identity. This is where eIDV is solving an immediate problem.”

Customer identification

The ability to ‘onboard’ new customers to services through remote digital channels, web and mobile is a pressing need for many organisations looking to reduce their physical footprint and to support digital transformation projects while reducing the risk of fraud. eIDV services address this by proving an individual’s identity, while also supporting digital onboarding and meeting the latest AML, KYC and customer due diligence (CDD) regulations.

trust is very important between companies and customers, in many cases it is everything, without trust you cannot buy. it takes a lot of work to win someone's trust but it's easy to lose it.

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This video explains how ads and cookies work on the internet. I found it interesting because sometimes I search for something on Amazon, then the same product by the different brands appears on my Instagram ads

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This video about Deepfake highlights how this technology can be used to create convincing fictional video content of people in the public eye and can be used to spread misinformation. Moreover, I think that the video lets us reflect on the risk of digital identity’s theft and on the need of privacy right protection.

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watch 'deepfake' queen deliver alternative christmas speech - cnn video

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A digitally-created fake Queen Elizabeth II danced across TV screens on Christmas as part of a British broadcaster's warning against the proliferation of misinformation.

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One of the things I've found most interesting/concerning since I first found out about it is the existence of 'shadow profiles' on social media. Even if you don't have an account with a social media platform, the platform is likely to already have gathered sufficient information about you from third party data to be able to create a shadow profile of you, even if it isn't in the public domain. Without regulation, you're damned if you do and you're damned if you don't.
Article: https://www.vox.com/2018/4/20/17254312/facebook-shadow-profiles-data-collection-non-users-mark-zuckerberg
Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3ul401dJ7Sk