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Wrote sonnets to Laura, who was a woman that he fell in love with after seeing her once. He wrote his sonnets and poems in Vernacular, which was a language spoken by most, ordinary people in the place he lived at the time.  He assembled Greek and Roman writings and was a humanist scholarship.

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He was one of Europe’s most influential and famous scholars. He became one of Europe's greatest thinkers. He was a Dutch humanist who pushed for a vernacular form of the bible so it would be easier for everyone to read. He used humor to show people acting immoral and ignorant. He wanted people to be more open-minded and kind.

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He studied planets for 25 years but still didn’t understand how the planets orbited. He didn’t publish his findings until 1543, right before he died, in fear of the church. He presented the idea that the sun was the center of the universe. This was the first time that this theory, the heliocentric theory,  was brought to the light. Even if people didn’t like this idea, few believed in it and researched it further.

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He helped spread Christian humanism. He was an English Humanist who believed that men and women should live in harmony, with no private property, working, educated, and happy. This was put into his book called Utopia, which had all of these themes and showed a perfect society.

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He painted the Mona Lisa at this time. He was a very influential artist at this time and helped lead the way for others. He was also a sculptor, an architect, and an engineer.

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He painted the Sistine Chapel. Michelangelo was thought to be one of the most inspired men who ever lived. He also did other works but he started the fresco way of painting. This is a painting done on wet plaster.

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Galileo had a lot of new theories on astronomy and built his own telescope in 1609. He also wrote a book called “Starry messenger” where he described his observations of space. His research supported Copernicus’s ideas. These scared the catholic and protestant churches because they went against what the church believed and taught people about. He was warned not to support Copernicus’s ideas, but he did anyway. After he published his beliefs, his freedom was taken from him and he lived under house arrest until he died.

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He was a brilliant mathematician and decided that certain mathematical laws helped him find that planets have an elliptical orbit. What he did helped push Nicolaus Copernicus’s theory and show a little bit more about it.

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Dutchman, Zacharias Janssen, made the world’s first microscope. This was important because now scientists use microscopes all the time, to get a closer look at things. Of course it has been changed and is a lot different now, but this helped start it.

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German physicist, Gabriel Fahrenheit created the first mercury thermometer, in glass, and found that water freezes at 32°. This was important because it helped people measure temperatures of things they needed and helped push temperature taking technology forward.