# data[].attributes.headline
Factors influencing the effectiveness of axe kick in tae kwon-do

# data[].attributes.subject
Factors influencing the effectiveness of axe kick in tae kwon-do

# data[].attributes.body
parameters such as maximum kick foot velocity, duration's of take-off, the upswing, the downswing as well as the whole kick and the kick leg angle at maximum velocity were quantitatively determined.

The results indicate that the maximum kick power appears around 45º of the kick leg to vertical direction or 85-89% of one’s body height

keys for increasing the kick effectiveness are balanced weight transfer, large hip ROM for pre-lengthening hip extensors and follows an explosive foot downswing for maximizing kick-foot power.

The maximal kick power occurs around 45° of the kick-leg to the vertical direction during the downswing; shortening the downswing phase could increase the axe kick quality further.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Factors influencing the effectiveness of axe kick in taekwon-do

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Background: Taekwon-do is famous for its powerful kicking techniques and the axe kick is the challenging one, aiming at kicking high section of an opponent. The relevance of the skill in the traditional version of taekwon-do is that a single strike might happen to reveal the winner.

# data[].attributes.headline
Biomechanical analysis of the muscular power of martial arts athletes

# data[].attributes.subject
Biomechanical analysis of the muscular power of martial arts athletes

# data[].attributes.body
"power is not only performance but also power plus recruitment produces better results. This study uniquely showed that muscular enhancement capacity is not only related to the power capacity of contraction but also to motor coordination."
Therefore skill (bio mechanical effectiveness) and muscularity combine to create power....

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
S. M. Machado

R. A. L. Osório

N. S. Silva

M. Magini

Abstract

This study analyzes the performance of knee extension and flexion of Taekwondo and Kickboxing athletes. The power values were extracted through electromyography obtained by an isokinetic dynamometer at 60° per second. These values are resulted from the square of the electromyography signal. The analysis of kick power was made using a modified wavelet algorithm considering values with 95% significance. Both groups presented equivalent power and torque capacity with different training times and experience, on the other hand, the wavelet analysis showed better results in muscular recruitment performance in athletes with more experience, in other words, power is not only performance but also power plus recruitment produces better results. This study uniquely showed that muscular enhancement capacity is not only related to the power capacity of contraction but also to motor coordination.

Keywords

This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access.

References

Torrence C, Compo GP (1998) A practical guide to wavelet analysis. Bull Am Meteorol Soc 79(1):61-78. Available from http://www.icess.ucsb.edu/gem/Torrence_and_Compo1998_wavelet_guide.pdf . Accessed on 20 September 2009

© International Federation for Medical and Biological Engineering 2010

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Biomechanical analysis of the muscular power of martial arts athletes

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
S. M. Machado R. A. L. Osório N. S. Silva M. Magini This study analyzes the performance of knee extension and flexion of Taekwondo and Kickboxing athletes. The power values were extracted through electromyography obtained by an isokinetic dynamometer at 60° per second. These values are resulted from the square of the electromyography signal.

# data[].attributes.headline
Effects of combined strength and kick coordination training on soccer kick bio mechanics in amateur players

# data[].attributes.subject
Effects of combined strength and kick coordination training on soccer kick bio mechanics in amateur players

# data[].attributes.body
Close bio mechanical connection to soccer 'instep' kick and front kick.

Repeated measures showed that the experimental group (EG) improved significantly (Po0.05) maximum ball speed, the linear velocity of the foot, ankle and angular velocity of all joints during the final phase of the kick.

Training had insignificant effects on  electromyographic (EMG) values.

EXCEPT increase in the averaged EMG of the vastus medialis whereas maximum isometric strength and sprint times significantly improved after training (Po0.05).

Results suggest that the application of the training programs using soccer-specific strength exercises would be particularly effective in improving of soccer kick performance.

# data[].attributes.headline
Capacity to create impact forces and execution time according to the weight category in taekwondo

# data[].attributes.subject
Capacity to create impact forces and execution time according to the weight category in taekwondo

# data[].attributes.body
Examined the impact force, the relative impact force, the execution time and the relative execution time, of a roundhouse kick to the chest among three Olympic taekwondo weight categories (20 Males).

No differences in impact force between featherweight, welterweight and heavyweight.

The featherweight group generated more relative impact force than the heavyweight group.

heavyweight group used longer execution time when performing the roundhouse kick than both the other two groups, and had a longer relative execution time than the welterweight group

Reducing the body weight immediately before competitions to compete in a lower weight category does not seem a priority option as it will not necessarily improve the performance.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Journal Homepage
Journal Title: E-balonmano.com: Revista de Ciencias del Deporte

ISSN: 1885-7019 (Online)

Publisher: Federación Extremeña de Balonmano; University of Extremadura

Society/Institution: Federación Extremeña de Balonmano; University of Extremadura

LCC Subject Category: Geography. Anthropology. Recreation: Recreation. Leisure: Sports

Country of publisher: Spain

Language of fulltext: Portuguese, Spanish; Castilian, English

Full-text formats available: PDF

AUTHORS
Coral Falcó Pérez (Departamento de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte. Universidad Católica de Valencia)
Isaac Estevan Torres (Departamento de Gestión y Ciencias Aplicadas. Universidad Católica de Valencia)
Octavio Álvarez Solves (Centro de Medicina del Deporte de Cheste, Consell Valencià de l'Esport. Valencian International University)
Javier Molina-García (Departamento de Didáctica de la Expresión Musical, Plástica y Corporal. Universitat de València)

Abstract | Full Text

Abstract Taekwondo is a combat sport where the competition is based on weight categories. The aim of the present study was to examine the impact force, the relative impact force, the execution time and the relative execution time, of a roundhouse kick to the chest among three Olympic taekwondo weight categories. Twenty male taekwondo athletes participated in the study, divided in three weight groups: featherweight (n = 7), welterweight (n = 7) and heavyweight (n = 7). ANOVA results showed that there were no differences in impact force between featherweight, welterweight and heavyweight. In contrast, the featherweight group generated more relative impact force than the heavyweight group. The heavyweight group used longer execution time when performing the roundhouse kick than both the other two groups, and had a longer relative execution time than the welterweight group (p < .05). To reduce the body weight immediately before competitions to compete in a lower weight category does not seem a priority option as it will not necessarily improve the performance. Key words: biomechanics, performance, taekwondo, weight, roundhouse kick.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Journal Homepage Journal Title: E-balonmano.com: Revista de Ciencias del Deporte ISSN: 1885-7019 (Online) Publisher: Federación Extremeña de Balonmano; University of Extremadura Society/Institution: Federación Extremeña de Balonmano; University of Extremadura LCC Subject Category: Geography. Anthropology. Recreation: Recreation.

# data[].attributes.body
"Lower leg acceleration was caused partly by a knee extensor muscle moment and partly by a motion‐dependent moment arising from thigh angular velocity... lower leg acceleration was not enhanced by thigh deceleration. On the contrary, thigh deceleration, although not desirable, is unavoidable because of lower leg acceleration."

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Fast unloaded movements (i.e. striking, throwing and kicking) are typically performed in a proximo‐distal sequence, where initially high proximal segments accelerate while distal segments lag behind, after which proximal segments decelerate while distal segments accelerate. The aims of this study were to examine whether proximal segment deceleration is performed actively by antagonist muscles or is a passive consequence of distal segment movement, and whether distal segment acceleration is enhanced by proximal segment deceleration. Seventeen skilled taekwon‐do practitioners were filmed using a high‐speed camera while performing a high front kick. During kicking, EMG recordings were obtained from five major lower extremity muscles. Based on the kinematic data, inverse dynamics computations were performed yielding muscle moments and motion‐dependent moments. The results indicated that thigh deceleration was caused by motion‐dependent moments arising from lower leg motion and not by active deceleration. This was supported by the EMG recordings. Lower leg acceleration was caused partly by a knee extensor muscle moment and partly by a motion‐dependent moment arising from thigh angular velocity. Thus, lower leg acceleration was not enhanced by thigh deceleration. On the contrary, thigh deceleration, although not desirable, is unavoidable because of lower leg acceleration.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Dynamics of the martial arts high front kick

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Fast unloaded movements (i.e. striking, throwing and kicking) are typically performed in a proximo‐distal sequence, where initially high proximal segments accelerate while distal segments lag behind, after which proximal segments decelerate while distal segments accelerate.

# data[].attributes.body
Small study  - two highly skilled martial artists (4th Dan).
Very easy to read - ankle is basically irrelevant for force production, Hip and Knee more important.

# data[].attributes.headline
Simple use of Displacement,Velocity & Acceleration 

# data[].attributes.subject
Simple use of Displacement,Velocity & Acceleration 

# data[].attributes.body
Tactical use  - sports requiring 'gaining ground' (Rugby & American Football) putting athletes with great acceleration in the correct field position.
Improvement of small parts of a big picture - acceleration of a swimmer on the 'turn'
(Blazevich, 2010)

# data[].attributes.body
Formulae shown on spreadsheet calculations
Movement away from a specific point is DISPLACEMENT
Distance and Displacement are not always the same.
Velocity  - time taken to get to a certain point
Acceleration can be positive and negative - it's a function of changes in velocity and time taken.

(Blazevich, 2010)

# data[].attributes.headline
Calculations of a front kick in three positions

# data[].attributes.subject
Calculations of a front kick in three positions