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Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA)

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Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA)

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Federal Emergency Relief Administration

Was passed in May 1933

Purpose

To combat the adverse economic and social effects of the Great Depression

Goals

They wanted it to be effective

Provide work for employable people of relief roles

Have a diverse variety

The Federal Emergency Relief Administration helped unemployed people get relief through the Great Depression. They gave adequate relief to the unemployed and paid no attention to politics. There was a doctrine that was put in place to make sure that adequate public relief was a right to the unemployed people and that they could get help from the government. FERA worked cooperatively with the state government to help provide federal grants for relief purposes.

This is a relief program because federal grants were given to help unemployed people get adequate relief.

Pros  | Cons
Helped states provide aid for the unemployed | It was more expensive for the government to provide jobs than to simply give handouts
Work relief program | Could have been a more efficient program
Kept people from going on the dole | Was ultimately replaced by the WPA and SSA in 1935
Helped people keep their dignity by not being on the dole but having jobs |

They were unable to meet their goals because it was never possible to achieve living standards of minimum decency for the entire population in need and relief.

This made people lazy and relied on relief. This had gone to create short term organizations like CWA (Civil Works Administration).

The program soon came to an end in 1935 but then WPA (Work Progress Administration) was put into its’

place.

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Hailee Smutz Civilian Conservation Corps (1933-1942)
Hailee Smutz                   Civilian Conservation Corps (1933-1942)
Goals: The CCC was a voluntary public work RELIEF program that operated from 1933-1942 in the US for unemployed, unmarried men. When the program started it was originally for young men ages 18-25, but eventually expanded to ages 17-28. 
What it did: of 1933 the program put 2.5 million men to work in a variety of conservation projects including planting trees to combat soil erosion and maintain national forests, eliminating stream pollution, creating fish, game, and bird sanctuaries, and conserving coal, petroleum, shale, gas, sodium, and helium deposits. Workers received $1 a day and received free board and job training. This program was only for men, but from 1934-1937, the CCC provided similar programs for 8,500 women. These programs taught men and women to be independent and increase self-respect. 
Relief: This program was a relief program because it intended to provide jobs for the unemployed and unmarried young men. 
Success: The CCC was one of the most successful New Deal programs of the Great Depression. It existed for fewer than 10 years, but left a legacy of strong roads, bridges, and buildings throughout the United States. 
Pros: The CCC built over 800 parks and planted nearly 3 billion trees. Also it provided jobs for men who needed money during the Great Depression. 
Cons: The program completely segregated colored and white employees. 
How did it change the role of government in people's lives?: The CCC allowed young men to be able to work during the Great Depression to make their environment better. This program combined FDR's interest in conservation and universal service for youth. 
This program only existed from 1933-1942. 

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National Industrial Recovery Act
National Industrial Recovery Act
Name and date
	National Industrial Recovery Act, passed 1933

Goals
	The NIRA’s main objective was to assist and help instigate the nation’s economic recovery through industrial wages and fair prices post-depression.

What it did
	The program, in reality, gave the President authorization to regulate the industry and enact fair wages. Under the NRA, allowed for the codes of fair competition, guaranteed trade union rights, as well as permission of regulation of working standards.

R, R, or R?
This act was most definitely an attempt at economic reform, as the namesake gives the hint away along with the Act’s general-purpose, and that was to remedy economic downturns in industry post-depression.

How it met goals
 While promising to accomplish and deliver, the act lacked support due to the NRA getting too regulation trigger-happy, leading to a loss in political support. It eventually got sent to an expiration date, but was ultimately convicted in the Supreme Court during a major constitutional ruling. It was not able to accomplish its goals.	 

Pros
The act was shut down, the only pro was that it led to the funding of US aircraft carriers as well as domestic improvements, such as bridges and dams in Philadelphia.
	
	Cons
The act was shut down only a year after its enactment, meaning that it was a terrible reform act.
-it suppported monopolies
-was looked down upon due to its inability to administer policies
-NRA gave too many regulations
	Role of Government
While the act was only up for a small period of time, it showed the people the potential of having a government body in full charge of industrial commerce and wages, and the negative impact harsh regulations can bring.
	External source
	Today?
The NIRA has been long since abolished due to its failures to gain support or be properly administered. There has been no replacement or attempts to replace


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Rural Electrification Administration (1936)
Rural Electrification Administration (1936)
Goals:
Increase percentage of farmers with electricity in rural areas 

What it did:
Provided federal loans for the installation of the electrical systems 

Successful?:
It was successful because the percentage of farms with electricity increased from 11%  to 97% by 1960 

Relief,Recovery,or Recovery:
Recovery because this program boosted the economy because people were buying the electricity for their farms and it happened over a time span of a couple decades

How did it change the role of government in peoples lives:
-Affected the economy
-boosted the economy 

Pros:
-Brought electricity to rural areas 
-Increased sales for farmers 
-benefits that electricity brought to farmers such as artificial light which then allowed them to work in the night time

Cons:
 -Farmers couldn't buy the electricity for their farms 

Exists today?
The REA was terminated in 1994 because it had done its job of providing electricity to rural areas but its functions were absorbed by the Rural Utilities Service

Passed:
May 20,1936 

Terminated:
October 13,1994





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Wagner Act - National Labor Relations Act of 1935
Wagner Act - National Labor Relations Act of 1935
Goals: Its main goals were to secure the right for workers to create labor unions and organize labor strikes. 

What it did: It established the federal government as the regulator and arbiter of labor relations. It also established the National Labor Relations Board.

Relief, recovery or Reform?: Reform, this law reformed labor relations in the US. 

How well did it meet its goals: Although it was weakened after the Taft-Hartley Act of 1947, the wagner Act was still effective at guaranteeing the workers'  rights to unionize and strike, even if it was in a limited fashion. 

Pros: It protects the rights of the workers.

Cons: It does not allow for employer-employee confidentiality, became of its support for labor unions. 

How did it change the role of government in the eyes of the people?: People saw that the government is supporting their right to fight against their employers' possible hostilities.

Is it still in existence?: Yes, although it is much more limited in the rights of the workers that it can protect. 
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Public works administration 1933
Public works administration 1933
Goals:
The stock market crash caused industries to shut down and a mass amount of people lost their jobs. The Public works administration was created by FDR to aid the industrial business and to help give jobs to the people that needed them. 
What It did
With 4 billion dollars to spend the PWA built 24,000 projects throughout the united states. The primary buildings were skyscrapers, bridges, dams, warships, and schools. 
Relief, Recovery, or Reform?
It was a relief program because It tried building projects and relieving unemployment by creating more jobs
How Well Did it Meet its Goals?
The PWA built projects but it only caused priming of the economic pump, which means the inflammation of the economy.
Pros
Provided work relief jobs for many people through building dams bridges, warships, and schools
Cons
Biggest example of Roosevelt priming the economic pump, which failed
The economy was not aided by the as 
How did it change the role of government in people’s lives?
The policy of Leizze faire was for the government to stray from helping the people. The People should only be helping the government. This changed when the government gave billions of dollars for this administration. The government was aiding the people which was going against laizze faire. 
Is It Still in Existence?
The PWA ended in 1943, due to WW2, FDR had to move everything, including industry, to the war efforts. The PWA was moved to the federal work agency. 

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Goals:
The stock market crash caused industries to shut down and a mass amount of people lost their jobs. The Public works administration was created by FDR to aid the industrial business and to help give jobs to the people that needed them.
What It did

With 4 billion dollars to spend the PWA built 24,000 projects throughout the united states. The primary buildings were skyscrapers, bridges, dams, warships, and schools.
Relief, Recovery, or Reform?

It was a relief program because It tried building projects and relieving unemployment by creating more jobs

How Well Did it Meet its Goals?

The PWA built projects but it only caused priming of the economic pump, which means the inflammation of the economy.

Pros

Provided work relief jobs for many people through building dams bridges, warships, and schools

Cons

Biggest example of Roosevelt priming the economic pump, which failed

The economy was not aided by the as

How did it change the role of government in people’s lives?

The policy of Leizze faire was for the government to stray from helping the people. The People should only be helping the government. This changed when the government gave billions of dollars for this administration. The government was aiding the people which was going against laizze faire.

Is It Still in Existence?

The PWA ended in 1943, due to WW2, FDR had to move everything, including industry, to the war efforts. The PWA was moved to the federal work agency.

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Hailee Smutz                   Civilian Conservation Corps (1933-1942)

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Hailee Smutz                   Civilian Conservation Corps (1933-1942)

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Goals: The CCC was a voluntary public work RELIEF program that operated from 1933-1942 in the US for unemployed, unmarried men. When the program started it was originally for young men ages 18-25, but eventually expanded to ages 17-28.
What it did: of 1933 the program put 2.5 million men to work in a variety of conservation projects including planting trees to combat soil erosion and maintain national forests, eliminating stream pollution, creating fish, game, and bird sanctuaries, and conserving coal, petroleum, shale, gas, sodium, and helium deposits. Workers received $1 a day and received free board and job training. This program was only for men, but from 1934-1937, the CCC provided similar programs for 8,500 women. These programs taught men and women to be independent and increase self-respect.
Relief: This program was a relief program because it intended to provide jobs for the unemployed and unmarried young men.
Success: The CCC was one of the most successful New Deal programs of the Great Depression. It existed for fewer than 10 years, but left a legacy of strong roads, bridges, and buildings throughout the United States.
Pros: The CCC built over 800 parks and planted nearly 3 billion trees. Also it provided jobs for men who needed money during the Great Depression.
Cons: The program completely segregated colored and white employees.
How did it change the role of government in people's lives?: The CCC allowed young men to be able to work during the Great Depression to make their environment better. This program combined FDR's interest in conservation and universal service for youth.
This program only existed from 1933-1942.

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Name and date

National Industrial Recovery Act, passed 1933

Goals

The NIRA’s main objective was to assist and help instigate the nation’s economic recovery through industrial wages and fair prices post-depression.

What it did

The program, in reality, gave the President authorization to regulate the industry and enact fair wages. Under the NRA, allowed for the codes of fair competition, guaranteed trade union rights, as well as permission of regulation of working standards.

R, R, or R?

This act was most definitely an attempt at economic reform, as the namesake gives the hint away along with the Act’s general-purpose, and that was to remedy economic downturns in industry post-depression.

How it met goals

While promising to accomplish and deliver, the act lacked support due to the NRA getting too regulation trigger-happy, leading to a loss in political support. It eventually got sent to an expiration date, but was ultimately convicted in the Supreme Court during a major constitutional ruling. It was not able to accomplish its goals.

Pros

The act was shut down, the only pro was that it led to the funding of US aircraft carriers as well as domestic improvements, such as bridges and dams in Philadelphia.

Cons

The act was shut down only a year after its enactment, meaning that it was a terrible reform act.

-it suppported monopolies

-was looked down upon due to its inability to administer policies

-NRA gave too many regulations

Role of Government

While the act was only up for a small period of time, it showed the people the potential of having a government body in full charge of industrial commerce and wages, and the negative impact harsh regulations can bring.
External source

Today?

The NIRA has been long since abolished due to its failures to gain support or be properly administered. There has been no replacement or attempts to replace

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Goals:
Increase percentage of farmers with electricity in rural areas

What it did:
Provided federal loans for the installation of the electrical systems

Successful?:
It was successful because the percentage of farms with electricity increased from 11%  to 97% by 1960

Relief,Recovery,or Recovery:
Recovery because this program boosted the economy because people were buying the electricity for their farms and it happened over a time span of a couple decades

How did it change the role of government in peoples lives:
-Affected the economy
-boosted the economy

Pros:
-Brought electricity to rural areas
-Increased sales for farmers
-benefits that electricity brought to farmers such as artificial light which then allowed them to work in the night time

Cons:
-Farmers couldn't buy the electricity for their farms

Exists today?
The REA was terminated in 1994 because it had done its job of providing electricity to rural areas but its functions were absorbed by the Rural Utilities Service

Passed:
May 20,1936

Terminated:
October 13,1994

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Tennessee Valley Authority, 1933 (Victor)

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Tennessee Valley Authority, 1933 (Victor)

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Goals: After facing years of severe flooding that damaged the state of Tennessee and other surrounding ones, the TVA was created to try and fix this issue.
What It Did: The TVA built dams to fix the flooding, worked on reforestation, created electricity for town, and helped struggling agricultural and industrial industries.
Which "R"?: The TVA was a recovery effort since the primary reason for its creation was to recover Tennessee's economy and towns after years of struggling.
Did it Meet its Goals?: The TVA was very successful in achieving its goals of recovering Tennessee through all its carefully planned construction projects.
Pros: The hydroelectric plants created by the TVA gave cheap electric power for homes and new recreational activities for the towns.
Cons: Many of the already existing electric companies felt that the cheaping of electricity would harm their businesses and threatened private enterprise.
How'd it Change the Government?: Residents of the valley began to see the positive changes from the TVA and began to become more open to federally funded programs.
Is it Still in Existence?: Yes, the TVA is still active in Tennessee and is working to makes its citizen's life the best it can be.

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Goals of this act:
-Regulate trading of stocks and bonds
-this was a reaction to the crash of 1929
- made to prevent insider trading and stock fraud
- requiring report on corporate status
- creation of the SEC to in act the deals
required stock brokers to registered.

SEC caused corporations to be regulated to have more transparent deals, and above board securities business.

It was pretty successful
Reform

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goals: It was a relief program in which the government used taxes to hire unemployed writers, historians and librarians meant to give them jbs and make the spread of information open again.

what it did: It put 8 million unemployed writers to work but it also cost the federal government 11 million dollars

This project was a relief project. It was mostly short term. It was a way to get people working and make jobs.

Pros: the Federal writers project was a great way to get people working. It employed 8 million

Cons: It cost the gov 11 million. And eventually Workers abused the system

This does not exist anymore it ended after 1939 under the national funding but was allowed to continue until 1943 under state funding.

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Goals: It's main goal was to provide work for out of work artists.

What it did: It opened up a lot of art centers and people started to teach art in schools and regular classes

Pros: It gave artists work, opened up more areas for art, allowed artists to make murals

Cons: Many people though of the F.A.P as unnecessary and a waste of money

Reform, Recovery, or Relief?: It is categorized in Relief

How well did it meet its goals?: The government paid artists to draw things and that made a lot of artists to get start making things like paintings, murals, and other things. So many artists took this opportunity to get money.

Does it still exist?: No the F.A.P did not last. It only lasted for 8 years from 1935-1943

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Goals:During the stock market crash, most investors panicked and without thinking, took out about 16.5 million shares of stock out making the situation even worse. The Federal Securities act. of 1933 had two goals; 1. was to make investors informed about their stocks and 2. decrease the amount of misrepresentation and fraudulent activities in the securities market.

What it did: The FSA turned sales security into a federal issue. It also enacted the "Truth in Securities" law which requires investors to receive financial information from companies to make sure it's reliable.

Relief recovery reform?
The FSA was more of a reform act which made the federal government responsible for financial securities instead of the states.
pros: protect investors
cons:none
How did it change the role of government in peoples lives?
The act strengthened the control of the federal government over the states
Is it still in existence
is it still in existence?
The act is still being used today along with some updates add by several amendments.

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Goals:To provide customer with access to their insured deposits within a few days
What it Did:The FDIC preserves and promotes public confidence in the US financial system insuring deposits and addressing risks to the deposit insurance funds
Relief,Recovery,Reform:This was a reform on its focus to stop the bank failures to affect investors if it occurred again
How well did it meet its goals?The FDIC met its goal in helping the negatives of Bank Failures and protecting those who invested
Pros:Guarantees that clients are safe and stabilized the banks
Cons:Less money spent in investments because only investment banks put money in the stock market increased the cost of investment
How did it change the role of government in people's lives:Government took control of banks and helped stopped bank failures from destroying people's investments
Successful?  Still Exists?:Yes it still exists to protect the insurance of bank investments

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Goals: The chief goal was to provide welfare for citizens in needs, such as the elderly, widowed, injured, and children through provisions.

What was it? A payroll tax deduction that goes toward the social security fund. It provided public assistance, old-age insurance, and unemployment compensation for the disadvantaged.

Relief, recovery, or reform? This was a reform act meant to help prevent future economic depression and its effects.

How well did it meet its goals? Initially, the Social Security Act was not successful at all and deepened the recession, but ultimately achieved its main goals of providing assistance and provisions.

How did it change the role of government? It created a "federal safety net" for citizens in unfortunate situations which made them more trusting, and weakened the government dependency since citizens were paying into their own future.

Does it still exist?

Pros: Ultimately, it offered financial aid to those who needed it.
It was a huge milestone for American welfare.

Cons: There were strict guidelines on who was excluded from receiving social security.
Not everyone was eligible.

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Goal: The goal of the Works progress Administration was to employ most of the unemployed people on relief until the economy recovered.
What it did: Built infrastructure, such as bridges, airports, schools, parks, and waterlines. Employed women in sewing rooms and school classrooms and cafeterias and in the later run-up to war it improved many military facilities.
Relief, Reform, or Recovery?: This was a relief program. It was intended to deal with the immediate problem of unemployed people and recovering the depression.
Pros: Provided work and income for millions of Americans through the construction and repair of roads, bridges, public schools. Fed children and redistributed food.
Cons: Cost of agency $11 billion. Did little to aid the south.
Does it still exist?: The WPA ended on June 30, 1943 but there are schools, dams, roads, bridges, that still exist today.

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Wagner Act - National Labor Relations Act of 1935

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Wagner Act - National Labor Relations Act of 1935

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Goals: Its main goals were to secure the right for workers to create labor unions and organize labor strikes.

What it did: It established the federal government as the regulator and arbiter of labor relations. It also established the National Labor Relations Board.

Relief, recovery or Reform?: Reform, this law reformed labor relations in the US.

How well did it meet its goals: Although it was weakened after the Taft-Hartley Act of 1947, the wagner Act was still effective at guaranteeing the workers'  rights to unionize and strike, even if it was in a limited fashion.

Pros: It protects the rights of the workers.

Cons: It does not allow for employer-employee confidentiality, became of its support for labor unions.

How did it change the role of government in the eyes of the people?: People saw that the government is supporting their right to fight against their employers' possible hostilities.

Is it still in existence?: Yes, although it is much more limited in the rights of the workers that it can protect.

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Passed June 13, 1933
Goals: to help homeowners pay their mortgage and other bills.
What it did: Bought the mortgages of many homes whose homeowners were behind on their bills.
How Well Did it Meet Its Goals: It was one of the most successful policies from the new deal. The program helped hundreds of thousands of homeowners and mortgage institutions from loss. It also helped expand home ownership.
Pros: It permanently changed the mortgage system.
The money raised was used to rescue imperiled mortgages by offering financing up to 80%
Cons: When all the money was used up by the corporation was only applicable to non-farm homes worth less than $20,000.
Is it Still in Existence: No this program is no longer in existence, the program only lasted from June 13,1933 to July 1st, 1939.
Relief, Reform, or Recovery:
This program is a reform.

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Goals: To make home financing more available to others, improve housing standards, increase employment in house construction, and attract real estate and banking industries
What It Did: Encouraged people to make loans and made it more available to get mortgages
How Well Did It Meet Its Goals?: The FHA didn't exactly meet its goals they had minimal impact on home owning/ownership rates. They provided temporary financial improvement
Pros: People got homes and jobs and banks got money
Cons: Had a racist valuation system (redlining) and restrictive covenants, no minority groups allowed in larger neighborhoods
Relief, Recovery, Reform?: It was a relief and recovery program. The FHA helped people get homes that were struggling in the wake of the Great Depression and also opened job opportunities.
Does It Still Exist?: Yes, the FHA is still around and tries to improve housing standards and conditions still

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Goals - provide jobs and give financial help to those of 116-25. Prevent from those falling victim to the hardships of the depression. Maintain their potential for future achievement and social contribution.

Relief, Reform, Recovery -
The goal is to Relief, since it tries to help with economic depression, to correct a flaw that had to the depression.

Pros - provided means for the "struggling generation". Overcome adversity that threatened to overrun the Country.

Cons - People started to rely on it too much, never wanting to be independent.

What it did - The NYA helped over 4.5 million young people find work. Gave better education.

Does it still exist?
No, Congress refused to continue funding and son abolished the program. The NYA finally ceased operations in 1943.