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How did migration to the United States and the doctrine of Manifest Destiny change popular ideas of American identity and citizenship, affect territorial expansionism, cause conflict and impact regional and racial identities?

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Oil from whale blubber became a demand to light homes in America causing the whaling boom. This was another part of a growth in exports and imports playing a role in the expansion of US trade.

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Most of the Chinese immigrants from the 1840s-50s were young males lookinh for work. The construction of the railroad supplied the opportunities for these workers.After the railroad was complete, many of them faced racial discrimination and language barriers.

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The Irish immigrants arrived in escape of the famine. They were at first welcomed as help was needed, but later accused of stealing American jobs and greatly targeted with the anti-immigration and anti-Catholic protests of the Know Nothing Party.

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By the election of 1844, many Americans started had developed the mindset of manifest destiny. The Democrats interpreted James K. Polk's election as a mandate to annex Texas.

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The decision making the Republic of Texas a state made many former Mexicans suddenly American citizens. The majority of Americans treated the Tejanos unfairly and were racist to the group.

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Americans still kept the manifest destiny mindset prevalent as they negotiated with Mexico through the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. The treaty negotiated that Mexico would accept the Rio Grande as the southern border of Texas, and that the US would take possession of the California and New Mexico territories.

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The discovery of gold in newly acquired California sprung a great migration to the west. There was a boom in western population that declined quickly as these boom towns where gold was discovered were deserted if barren.

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The California Gold Rush cartoon 1849 (The Wild West)

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The Gadsden Purchase was a strip of semi-desert lands from Mexico. The US showed interest in these lands for a railroad and to increase the American territory.

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Why did attempts at compromise before the war fail to prevent conflict?

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War & Expansion: Crash Course US History #17

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Neither side (North and South) were willing to back down on their speakings especially on slavery. There was also a misinterpretation as most Southerners believed all Northerners were abolitionists and most Northerners believed the South wanted to spread slavery.

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How did the maturing of northern manufacturing and the adherence of the South to an agricultural economy change the national economic system and impact the Civil War? How was the American conflict over slavery part of larger global events?

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2.1 Civil War Causing Loss of Hope for Freedom (1860-61) 

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2.1 Civil War Causing Loss of Hope for Freedom (1860-61) 

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The secession crisis threatened to be a major setback for the global anti-slavery movement. The Civil War at the time became a negative thing about the topic of slavery. Most countries gave up hope of freedom because of the destruction the topic had caused in the US.

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2.2 Industrial Revolution (relating to 1861-65) 

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2.2 Industrial Revolution (relating to 1861-65) 

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The beginnings of the Industrial Revolution in the US were caught in motion, and due to the Civil War, they didn't reach the South. The South produced most of the high-demand cotton, yet had little ways of manufacturing it. This gave the North a leg up in the Civil War.

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2.3 Cotton Production Percentages and to Great Britain (1861-65) 

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2.3 Cotton Production Percentages and to Great Britain (1861-65) 

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Northern cotton mills depended on Southern cotton production, but most of it went abroad. The US produced 80% of the world's cotton, which was nearly all transported to Great Britain. Some Confederates believed that because of this, Great Britain would interfere with the war.

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2.4 Southern Economic Dependence of other countries/regions of the US (1861-65) 

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2.4 Southern Economic Dependence of other countries/regions of the US (1861-65) 

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The South being cut off from the North gave them a disadvantage in the Civil War. Northern manufacturing provided slaves with clothes and tools and such. Without these things for the slaves, cotton production decreased. Almost all of the banks were located in the North as well, putting a dent in the Southern economy.

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2.5 Civil War's Contribution to the End of the Atlantic Slave Trade (realting to 1861-65) 

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2.5 Civil War's Contribution to the End of the Atlantic Slave Trade (realting to 1861-65) 

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After the Civil War, the US had a newfound moral standing. The North won the conflict over slavery, bringing it to an end. They used their moral standing to end the Atlantic Slave Trade, with the help of Great Britain.

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How did the Civil War struggle shape Americans' beliefs about equality, democracy, and national destiny? To what extent, and in what ways, did the Civil War transform American political and social relationships?

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A main part of the Civil War struggle was slavery. After the North won the Civil War, equality for blacks became more realistic, although it wasn't an unanimous concept. Americans also still carried the stance that the continent should be theirs. The Civil War brought about political aspects such as the 3 new amendments and the impeachment of of Andrew Johnson.

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How did the growth of mass migration to the United States, the end of slavery and technological, including the railroad, and military developments transform the environment and settlement patterns in the South and West?

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The South throughout the war was always trying new creations in order to defeat the Union. One of those were torpedoes but like many other attempts at creations, it wasn't going to win the war. Many of the creation did make recovery of the South more challenging.

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To readmit to the Union, Confederate states had to ratify the newly placed amendments and guarantee the right of any male (no matter the race) to vote. The Confederate states did so, but put restrictive literacy tests making African Americans unable to vote.

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The Thirteenth Amendment abolished slavery, but it did not yet make African Americans American citizens or give them rights. This ultimately just led to black codes which limited the African Americans' freedom almost more than as slaves.

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Telegraphs became a big deal for the Civil War. It was a quick, efficient way to communicate directly, but again it was used more by the Union. Most working on telegraph lines were actually Northerners who returned to the North after secession. After the war, telegraph lines were reestablished in the South.

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The Civil War was the first appearance of American ironclads. The Union used the first ironclad and had many more. It wasn't very effective once the South also created an Ironclad as during the battle between the ironclads, neither side was victorious.

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Well done! Excellent historiography!
Part 1: 75/75
Part 2: 75/75
Part 3: 75/75
Overall/Citations: 25/25

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Both sides used railroads for transportation, although the Union railroad system was significantly better. The North was more industrialized and most of the pre-Civil War railroads were in the North. After the Civil War, the railroad system grew and spread to the South.

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Sharecropping became a way for former slaves to work freely on plantations. It gave a great advantage to the plantation owners as the slaves usually became in debt for generations, but more cotton was actually produced from the South.

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After the Civil War, there was a mass migration of African Americans out of the South. This had a significant decline in population although many Southerners hadn't thought of African Americans as people yet.

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To what extent, and in what ways, did Reconstruction alter relationships between the states and the federal government, and lead to debates over new definitions of citizenship for minority groups (i.e. African Americans and women)?

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Most of the Southern state governments were left to rebuild themselves post Civil War. The federal government had very little involvement. Whites began taking up questions completely disregarding black opinions. By the end of Reconstruction, African Americans were set on claiming their rights.

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*http://plainshumanities.unl.edu/encyclopedia/doc/egp.ha.046
*https://www.loc.gov/teachers/classroommaterials/presentationsandactivities/presentations/immigration/alt/chinese3.html
*https://www.libertyellisfoundation.org/immigration-timeline#1820
*https://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/05/19/how-the-civil-war-changed-the-world/
*https://www.nps.gov/articles/industry-and-economy-during-the-civil-war.htm
*https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-ushistory1os2xmaster/chapter/the-economics-of-cotton/
*https://www.acphs.edu/blog/civil-war-and-its-global-impact
*http://mshistorynow.mdah.state.ms.us/articles/291/cotton-and-the-civil-war
*https://www.thoughtco.com/the-black-codes-4125744
*https://www.civilwaracademy.com/civil-war-technology
*https://www.essentialcivilwarcurriculum.com/the-telegraph.html
*https://loscosapush.weebly.com/uploads/5/2/4/8/52484185/ultimate_amsco_outline.pdf
*https://www.amscopub.com/social-studies/advanced-placement/united-states-history-ap-exam.html?dir=desc&order=position