# data[].attributes.body
polymer clay - many colours (salt dough)

# data[].attributes.body
re through paper craft and nets.

# data[].attributes.body
link to my pinterest wall on the kistugi art style, where the object is shattered and then repaired with a golden vein. it is used to show the history of an object, rather than treat breakage as something to disguise. its believed to date back to the early 15th century of japan.
Honestly there is no deeper meaning than I found it in the middle of the night and think it looks awesome

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Feb 22, 2021 - Explore domtompa's board "Kinstugi" on Pinterest.

# data[].attributes.body
light up benches: use underlighting instead of filament benches

# data[].attributes.body
expand on context: consideration of how furniture is designed and used in west london.
add more practitioners. at least three.
new York highline seating
upcycling?
home materials: foil, cling film, straws, wires, cocktail sticks, stapler, ect.
shelter over project

interconnected projects.

# data[].attributes.body
hanging bench from celling. invisible wires? now realising this is just a fancy swing.

mayve have something as a mesh/ wire or fabric body.

# data[].attributes.body
spinning bus seats

# data[].attributes.body
the design of buildings or public spaces in a way which discourages people from touching, climbing or sitting on them, with the intention of avoiding damage or their use for a different purpose
While not as obvious as the stainless steel “anti-homeless” spikes that appeared outside a London apartment block recently, the benches are part of a recent generation of urban architecture designed to influence public behaviour, known as hostile architecture.

# data[].attributes.body
Pay-per-minute benches, 'pig ears' to prevent skateboarding, devices that emit an unpleasant sound only teenagers can hear … cities have many tactics to discourage 'unwanted' behaviour

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
There was something heartening about the indignation expressed by Londoners this week against the "anti-homeless" spikes placed outside a luxury block of flats in Southwark. They were widely condemned as dehumanising, and compared with the strips of spikes used to deter pigeons from roosting. Yet anti-homeless spikes are nothing new. Not only are they found across the globe, from Nottingham to Tokyo, but they are just one weapon in an arsenal of "defensive architecture" strategies, employed to deter behaviour deemed unacceptable and encourage "proper" conduct. If you know where to look, you'll discover that cities are full of subtle architectural features designed to nudge you in the right direction.

For instance, any Londoner will know that the number of so-called bum-proof benches has risen sharply. Wave-shaped benches with central armrests made from slippery or buttock-numbing materials such as stainless steel are designed to prevent the homeless from kipping in public. Sloping seats at bus stops barely provide a perch, let alone a place to actually sit.

London is not alone in its embrace of hostile seating design. Eager to prevent loitering, the authorities at Yantai Park in Shandong, China introduced a pay-per-minute system for the use of its benches: overstay your welcome and you'll be treated to a series of studs that emerge suddenly and uncomfortably from the seat. In Tokyo's Ueno park, sloped benches prevents sitters from leaning back; Japan is also fond of tubular benches that are either too hot in summer or too cold in winter, and an array of sculptures (cute penguins, for example) that double as comfort-destroyers. New York's spiky anti-sit devices, found on air-conditioning units, fire hydrants and standpipes, are notably unsparing in the brutality of their design.

A man tries to take a nap at a bench in Tokyo, which has been designed to discourage sleeping. Photograph: Yuya Shino/Reuters Photograph: Yuya Shino / Reuters/Reuters

It's not just the homeless who are targeted. "Those impacted are usually homeless people, teenagers, the poor, those who are marginalised or don't have good social representation, or who aren't organised as an interest group," says Selena Savic, one of the editors of the book Unpleasant Design. The most egregious anti-teenage-loitering device is the Mosquito Alarm, which emits an unpleasant sound that many older people can't hear. Aldi are one supermarket company that uses such devices. An Aldi spokesperson said: "These alarms are in place to prevent antisocial behaviour taking place near the store, prevent damage to the building and promote a safe shopping and working environment for customers and staff."

An equally artful weapon is the use of "uncool" classical music and opera, piped into public spaces such as train stations and outside of branches of McDonald's to ensure teenagers don't linger. And rather adding insult to injury, Mansfield in Nottingham installed neon pink lights at two underpasses, not just for their calming effect but also because they highlight spotty skin.

Blue lighting has similarly been used for its soothing properties in dozens of Tokyo railway stations to curb the high rate of suicide. Such lights in bathrooms have been arguably less successful at preventing drug injection. Not only can users mark their veins beforehand, but the blue lights can provide mood lighting for sexual activity (a strict no-no); in 2004, Rugby council declared its blue-light toilet experiment a disaster, as people were using UV markers to draw graffiti that, under the light, looked "spectacular", as one councillor put it.

A wooden bench with a wavy seat to deter sleepers. Photograph: Streets Ahead/Den Reader/Alamy Photograph: Streets Ahead / Den Reader / Ala/Alamy

Skateboarders are another group perceived by some as undesirable. Raised metal lumps known as "pig ears" are bolted on to an array of surfaces in cities. Ocean Howell, a former skateboarder and assistant professor of architectural history at the University of Oregon, who studies such anti-skating design, says it reveals wider processes of power. "Architectural deterrents to skateboarding and sleeping are interesting because - when noticed - they draw attention to the way that managers of spaces are always designing for specific subjects of the population, consciously or otherwise," he says. "When we talk about the 'public', we're never actually talking about 'everyone'."

Anti-skate architecture, he adds, is often skateable anyway, and only serves to breed resentment. "When you're designed against, you know it," he says. "Other people might not see it but you will. The message is clear: you are not a member of the public, at least not of the public that is welcome here."

One of the problems with architectures of control is that they don't discriminate. An uncomfortable bench is as uncomfortable for a homeless person as it is for a tired passerby or for someone looking for a place to read. Moreover, says Dan Lockton of the Helen Hamlyn Centre for Design, defensive architecture doesn't address the underlying problem of homelessness. They simply shift it from one area to another, or worst still, reduce its visibility.

Many of these tactics have their origins in a more positive movement to design against crime, which aims to make public spaces feel safer. "The original goal was a lot more pro-public," says Lockton. "But these new features are part of a range of strategies that perceive the public as a threat and treat everyone as a criminal."

* Read more: Welcome to China's city of clones

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Anti-homeless spikes are just the latest in 'defensive urban architecture'

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
There was something heartening about the indignation expressed by Londoners this week against the "anti-homeless" spikes placed outside a luxury block of flats in Southwark. They were widely condemned as dehumanising, and compared with the strips of spikes used to deter pigeons from roosting. Yet anti-homeless spikes are nothing new.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Unpleasant design refers to design that deters certain kinds of uses and behaviors. Examples include benches that discourage sleeping, lighting that repels loiterers, and studs on railings and walls to deter skating. Check out this gallery of images of objects and architecture intended to be unpleasant.

# data[].attributes.body
this page takes things a little further, discouraging both specific uses and the public in general. notches put on walls to stop skaters and lacking any architecture to stop people loitering.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Types of Defensive Architecture - Hidden Hostility DC

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
DC is unique in that many of the city's public spaces, particularly its downtown areas, have been fortified to protect federal property from potential attacks. These "hardened" streetscape designs include bollards, concrete barriers and planters, hardened street furniture and water fountains, and hardened fences, which surround DC's federal buildings, museums, and monuments.

# data[].attributes.body
this page is dedicated to a resistance to designing to discourage homeless people from sleeping on benches, noting the armrests as 'design crimes' as well as making surfaces uneven so that they are uncomfortable.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Hostile designs can look innocuous, like "armrest" bars dividing up a public bench to prevent rough sleeping. So artist Stuart Semple has launched a new sticker series and website to highlight these approaches around the world. Already, this campaign is having an effect, and at least one English borough has caved to pressure from Semple and other activists his project helped inspire.

The "Design Crime" stickers are available on his new site, Hostile Design, which also has a gallery showcasing any images tagged on Instagram with #HostileDesign. He is offering some stickers for free for those who can't afford to pay, and asking those who can to send either 50 pence (to cover printing) or a pound (to cover free sets for others).

"Hostile design is design that intends to restrict freedom or somehow control a human being - be that homeless people, a skater or everyday humans congregating to enjoy themselves," Semple told Hyperallergic. "The danger of hostile design is it's so insidious. It's so quiet, so camouflaged, that unless you know what it is, you accept it. And that blind acceptance makes things grow and spread."

A UK-based artist, Semple was inspired to create this awareness-raising project after encountering defensive design in his hometown of Bournemouth. There, old seats were retrofitted with new dividers. This was a particularly visible intervention because the bars clashed with the benches, making their hostile intent especially clear.

Thanks to a petition sparked by Semple's photos and signed by nearly 20,000 protesters, the local Borough Council has since announced it is removing divider bars from public benches. "We're totally over the moon," said Semple of the news. He cites this victory as a great example of what can happen "when the community comes together" and "gets behind something."

Meanwhile, Semple continues to encourage people to tag hostile designs around the world with the stickers he designed and share the results on social media. He hopes this effort will help raise awareness and start discussions among urban activists and planners, in turn leading to more inclusive and welcoming public space design.

"Hostile designs are designs against humanity," argues Semple. "They are made specifically to exclude, harm or otherwise hinder the freedom of a human being. Quite often they aim to remove a certain section of a community from a public space."
Note: Semple's website also includes an "important disclaimer" that he is "not endorsing any kind of vandalism or public damage." It advises interested participants to check local laws and, "if you are worried, apply the sticker, take your photo and then remove the sticker."

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Hostile Architecture: 'Design Crimes' Campaign Gets Bars Removed from Benches - 99% Invisible

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Hostile designs can look innocuous, like "armrest" bars dividing up a public bench to prevent rough sleeping. So artist Stuart Semple has launched a new sticker series and website to highlight these approaches around the world.

# data[].attributes.body
some of these methods would be interesting to incorperate. the most likely are the barriers on seats and benches being curved.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
15 Examples of ‘Anti-Homeless’ Hostile Architecture That You Probably Never Noticed Before

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Hostile architecture is designed to deter people from sleeping or loitering in a certain part of the city. Click here to see 15 examples of Anti-Homeless devices!

# data[].attributes.body
Minimum 3 processes either combined or solo:
drawing. cardboard moddling.

Minimum 3 outcomes / mini series / visualisations/photos etc:

Minimum 3 key words/strands to research :
encourage. discourage. expand

Minimum 3 creative influences:

# data[].attributes.body
this is an incredebly effective design, able co cater for three people comfortably. it also provides shelter if it starts raining. my only question would be how easy is it for the elderly to get up and weather it can be smaller.
the facade of the seat is highly localised, if you were to use it, the seat would have an enviroment built to suit it.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.provider_name
designboom | architecture & design magazine

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
'core' -a concrete modular system that assembles itself into a small brutalist structure - is presented by salon 94 at design miami/ 2017. the architectural piece was created by london-based designer philippe malouin as part of 'superbenches', a project asking designers to reconsider the concept of the traditional park bench while retaining its sole function of providing an urban meeting place to sit or relax.

the project forms part of 'superbenches'
image © designboom

salon 94 design presents the monumental 11.5-foot-tall concrete piece as part of their exhibit at design miami/ during miami art week. inspired by the local topography of london, malouin has used natural aggregates to create a towering pavilion and monolithic structure with three elliptical openings.

the architectural piece was created by london-based designer philippe malouin
image © salon 94

since 2002, the art gallery has hosted exhibitions of innovative art and design, opening multiple galleries and adding designers like rick owens and martin szekely to their roster. this year it opened salon 94 design, the design wing of the gallery representing designers working across categories like furniture, lighting, textiles, and ceramics. to showcase the new extension, the gallery has chosen to exhibit 'core' at design miami/.

salon 94 presents the monumental 11.5-foot-tall concrete piece at design miami/
image © salon 94

the idea is to reconsider the concept of the traditional park bench while retaining its sole function
image © designboom

the piece is inspired by the local topography of london
image © salon 94

malouin has used natural aggregates to create a monolithic structure with three elliptical openings
image © salon 94

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
brutalist superbench by philippe malouin exhibited by salon 94 for design miami/

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
'core' -a concrete modular system that assembles itself into a small brutalist structure - is presented by salon 94 at design miami/ 2017. the architectural piece was created by london-based designer philippe malouin as part of 'superbenches', a project asking designers to reconsider the concept of the traditional park bench while retaining its sole function of providing an urban meeting place to sit or relax.

# data[].attributes.body
is design poses a very real threat. if you sit on it with too much force it will shatter and cut you, and is also liable to poison you, due to bulb's fillament. the other danger is being burnt by the bulbs if they are inefficieant. further discouraging the design is the prevelence of steet lights in lit areas, and in unlit areas, the light pollution would be unapreciated. there is no recognisable benefit of this design.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.provider_name
designboom | architecture & design magazine

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
'street lamp' by ivan navarro and courtney smithimage © designboom

chilean artist ivan navarro - recognized for his innovative use of light - teamed with french sculptor courtney smith to re-envision the humble park bench for art public during art basel miami 2012. the duo infiltrate the urban landscape through the means of two contrasting materials - the density of cast iron and the fragility of neon tubes, to create an object that contradicts the function of both. this results in an artistic composition that conflicts with the role of its traditional audience - the public, usurping the role of urban furniture.art public is a specialized platform to present outdoor sculptures, interventions and performances within an open and public exhibition format.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
illuminated benches by ivan navarro and courtney smith

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
'street lamp' by ivan navarro and courtney smithimage © designboom chilean artist ivan navarro - recognized for his innovative use of light - teamed with french sculptor courtney smith to re-envision the humble park bench for art public during art basel miami 2012.

# data[].attributes.body
this design would be especially useful in england, the slanted seat designed to capture water also means the seat is more likely to be dry after it rains. on top of that, saving the water for other times mean it can be cleaned and used for drinking water during summer months. the risk is the cap becoming loose and the ground around the seat becoming a water logged marsh.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.provider_name
designboom | architecture & design magazine

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
The 'Rain Storage' Bench is a water container that stands outside park and garden. It reduces the amount of raindrop from sky going straight into a gap.

Saving water is one of the world's environmental problems. But I think rainwater could solve the some water shortage.

I want to address this problem of water usage in the park and garden, encouraging the usage of as much rainwater as possible, designing the task of 'Rain Storage' Bench one of enjoyment that works in harmony with park and garden.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The 'Rain Storage' Bench is a water container that stands outside park and garden. It reduces the amount of raindrop from sky going straight into a gap. Saving water is one of the world's environmental problems. But I think rainwater could solve the some water shortage.

# data[].attributes.body
its an interesting idea, but ultimately unsustainable. the design looks flimsy and would not be trusted by the public, while it is also going to be susceptible to rough treatment. the bench would not last in the long run. not only that, it would take too long to mass produce in the manner that I am looking at, as it is a unique design.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.provider_name
designboom | architecture & design magazine

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
urushiol is an organic oily liquid extracted from trees which stands as the main constituent of urushi lacquer, an craft technique that has a strong cultural significance in wajima, in the ishikawa prefecture of japan. one of the most naturally durable finishes known, it is often used for decorative applications onto furniture pieces or small tableware items such as bowls. british designer max lamb has formed a bench and stool from cleft chestnut found in london's springfield park and varnished the two pieces with urushi lacquer. the bulky objects which lamb has chiseled down to his desired size and shape, maintaining the roughness of his handiwork - opposing the clean minimalistic designs of typical urushi lacquerware - the textured surfaces of the seating furniture offering a contrast to the sleek, glossy finish of the lacquer.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
max lamb crafts urushi lacquer bench + stool from cleft chestnut found in london's springfield park

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
urushiol is an organic oily liquid extracted from trees which stands as the main constituent of urushi lacquer, an craft technique that has a strong cultural significance in wajima, in the ishikawa prefecture of japan. one of the most naturally durable finishes known, it is often used for decorative applications onto furniture pieces or small tableware items such as bowls.

# data[].attributes.body
I don't like how the seating juts out, the different angles would encourage me to start sitting away from people, while different areas have too much space fluctuation aroud the legs, so you are either almost falling off the seat or you are sat no where near the back rest.  the placement of the backrest is also strange in that it leaves you liable to fall into the plants behind, the angels make it awquard.
on the other hand i do like how the shelves are made, it leaves space for airflow and extends the size of the bench in a sustainable manner.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.provider_name
designboom | architecture & design magazine

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
WMBstudio installs bench micropark on busy london street
all images courtesy of WMBstudio

WMBstudio has designed and installed 'parked bench'- a temporary parklet located on a busy street in the london bridge area. the portable micro-park replaces two standard car parking spaces, with the aim of providing urban greening, public seating, and to raise awareness of air quality issues in the capital. the approach was to create a singular sculptural seating element around which zones of planting and small pockets of public space could occur and overlap, encouraging passers-by to stop and gather. the resulting interwoven sequence of seating and planting, provides a buffer zone to the busy road, and creates an organic extension of the pavement to encourage chance meetings and natural interactions.

the parklet provides an unexpected respite from the bustling street

constructed as a modular solution, it can be applied to a variety of different locations, and scaled to respond to the specifics of each site. the parklet also houses an air quality monitor that feeds real-time data to an app and website designed by kings college london, forming part of their wider network of air quality data collection points within london. this first parklet has been delivered as part of the team london bridge 'fresh air squares' initiative, supported by the transport for london future streets incubator, with further versions due to be installed in the london bridge area in 2016.

the bench seating is constructed entirely from re-purposed scaffold boards

materials are low cost and off-the shelf, with the bench and base elements constructed entirely from standard scaffolding boards. the vertical sides of each board have been painted vibrant red to signpost the parklet from afar, and when approached, to create a contrasting, shifting vertical pattern. the modular planters are raw galvanized steel, and have been designed to be reused individually or in a number of linked configurations.

as the bench undulates, pockets of space extend the pavement zone

the seat back rises and falls to reveal and highlight the planting zones

the planting has been selected to be tactile, colourful and animated

red boards contrast with the green planting and heighten the visual impact

the colour and form contrast vibrantly with the surroundings

galvanized planters on the roadside elevation act as a protective buffer

the modular design is scalable and a number of parklets can be linked

plan

elevation
project info:
design + fabrication: wmbstudio
client: team london bridge / transport for london
planting: cjs plants
air quality monitoring: king's college london
planter fabrication: outdoor design

photography: ed butler and mickey lee
designboom has received this project from our 'edited by: juliana neira | designboom DIY submissions' feature, where we welcome our readers to submit their own work for publication. see more project submissions from our readers

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
WMBstudio installs bench micropark on busy london street

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
WMBstudio installs bench micropark on busy london street all images courtesy of WMBstudio WMBstudio has designed and installed 'parked bench'- a temporary parklet located on a busy street in the london bridge area. the portable micro-park replaces two standard car parking spaces, with the aim of providing urban greening, public seating, and to raise awareness of air quality issues in the capital.

# data[].attributes.body
different signs and their colours can be used to for the chair, or you can have them as a design feature, weather astatically or to be used as a sign itself

# data[].attributes.body
(found work)

# data[].attributes.body
leg gap: could have adjustable back.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.provider_name
Full Range Furniture Ltd T/A ChairOffice

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Ergonomic chair features

1. Seat height

The optimal seat height should allow you to place your feet flat on the floor, which is why choosing a chair with an adjustable seat height is essential because everyone is different. What's more, with most work desks remaining at a fixed height, it is important that the seat height can be altered. A seat height that ranges from 16 to 21 inches off the floor should work for most people.

2. Seat width and depth

Proper seat depth should leave between 2 and 4 inches between the edge of the seat and the back of your knees. If the seat is too far forward, it may put undue pressure at the back of the knees.

3. Seat tilt

Good ergonomic chairs will allow the seat to tilt, which allows for correct positioning of the pelvis. Anterior pelvic tiltis a posture problem that affects almost everyone who sits a lot, which is why it's important to keep the pelvis in a neutral position when sitting, with 80-degree angles at the hips, knees and ankles.

4. Backrest Lumbar support

This refers to the support given to your lower back and is an essential feature of an ergonomic chair. Ergonomic chairs support the natural 'S' shape of the spine, which prevents slumping and reduces stress on the spine and the pelvis. An adjustable backrest allows users to align the curve in the chair with the curve in their spine, for optimal support.

5. Backrest recline

An adjustable backrest allows for greater tailored positioning for the user, as they can move the backrest to more specifically support their natural spine position. Using this feature throughout the day allows the backrest to take some of the weight from your upper body, reducing the pressure on your spinal disks and muscles.

6. Swivel

The swivel in an ergonomic chair helps users with their manoeuvrability, making it easier to reach different points of their desks without having to strain excessively.

7. Armrests

Armrests help to reduce tension in the upper body and allow the shoulders to relax. However, armrests should not be used when typing as this reduces overall arm movement, which in turn increases wrist movement leading to strain on the forearm muscles.

8. Headrest

Supports the back of the head and the upper neck, reducing tension in the shoulders and upper torso.

9. Materials

A good ergonomic chair is made out of comfortable materials. The material should not cause the user's back to sweat. However, the materials used will depend on the budget; high-end ergonomic chairs will use leather or velvet.

10. Wheels

If your chair will be used on a hard surface, find a chair with soft rubber wheels. If your workplace/home office is carpeted, opt for hard wheels to help you navigate better.

Fantastic Deals on Ergonomic Chairs:

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
The Ergonomics of a Chair Explained | ChairOffice

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
1. Seat height The optimal seat height should allow you to place your feet flat on the floor, which is why choosing a chair with an adjustable seat height is essential because everyone is different. What's more, with most work desks remaining at a fixed height, it is important that the seat height can be altered.