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Literally: decomposition with fire.​

Thermal decomposition of carbon-containing material.​

At extremely high temperatures.​

No oxygen is involved.​

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Primarily solid fuels​

Lignocellulosic biomass​

(Poplar trees)​

(Sugarcane)

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Bio char (at low temperatures)​

Bio-oil at intermediate temperatures​

Gases at high temperatures

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Simple
Reduces waste
Low investment cost

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Feedstock: sugarcane residues
Product: Ethanol
Reactions and process:
Biomass -> Cellulose
Cellulose -> Glucose
Glucose -> 2 ethanol + 2CO2 + 2 ATP.
Advantages: The process can be done with waste products.
It gives energy.

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Requires high temperatures
Usually odor

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- feedstock: fuel and oxygen
-  Applications: combustion engine
-  Challenges: climate change, peak oil, ...
-  High-temp exothermic reaction,

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Feedstock: algea
Products: Bioethanol
proces: sugars converted to bioethanol and co2

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Advantages: no competition for food, grows fast, 40-60 times higher energy than corn

Challenges: A controlled environment is needed, loss of yield, contamination of algal cultures

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- Important biomass is polluted waters from industry
- Agro byproducts
- Organic domestic wet biomass
- Grass
-Animal manure
- Human manure
- Outdated products and restaurant waste

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-For electricity
-Heat
-Greenhouse gas

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- Anaerobic system

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-Reuse waste

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- Right now fossil fuel energy has a higher conversion rate

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Feedstock: anything with carbon
Product: methane

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Every (recently) living material can be used for combustion. The most used ones are:

wood
grass
crop residue