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Prudence was born in Hopkinton, Rhode Island on September 3, 1803 to farmers Pardon and Esther Carpenter Crandall. In 1820 her family moved to Canterbury, Connecticut. Prudence soon after attended the New England Friend's Boarding School in Providence, Rhode Island. During the early 1800's women did not typically receive much education. However, her Quaker family believed in equal education regardless of race or gender. Therefore, she had the rare opportunity to study subjects such as arithmetic, science, and Latin.

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The School for Young Ladies and Little Misses of Color

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The School for Young Ladies and Little Misses of Color

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Once Sarah Harris was admitted into the school, white parents were outraged and demanded that Sarah should be expelled. Prudence refused to expel Harris which caused the parents the withdraw their daughters from the school. As a result, Crandall transformed her school into one for African American girls with the help of William Lloyd Garrison. Garrison was the editor of the Liberator, the nation's major antislavery newspaper. He helped advertised Crandall's school and linked her to prominent African American families seeking education for their daughters throughout the country.

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During the time period, African American children were only able to receive free elementary education at district school. Her housekeeper Marcia Davis, an African American, informed Prudence that her friend was interested in attending her school. Sarah Harris was also black and wanted to attend Prudence's school in order to return to her hometown in Norwich to educate the African American children there. Therefore, in 1832 Crandall admitted Sarah Harris.

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In October 1831, Prudence returned to Canterbury, Connecticut. She then purchased a mansion where she opened a private girl's academy in which she taught mostly wealthy white girls. Her school included difficult curriculum and taught subjects which were typically only available to boys such as arithmetic, grammar, chemistry, and many others. The Canterbury Female Boarding School quickly became the ranked as one of the best schools in the state.

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Many of the local white men protested due to their fear of drawing more African Americans into their community and interracial marriage. The townspeople continued protesting the school and when African American students were beyond the school, they faced violence, taunts, and threats. In addition, shopkeepers refused to sell food or school supplies to the children, doctors would not attend to their needs, and churches refused to allow the students inside. Prudence was unlike most women in the 1800's and did not react to the local men and their commands. Therefore, the four most prominent men in Canterbury arranged a town meeting in which the town voted to protest the school.

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On May 24 1833, a local politician, Andrew Judson, pushed the Black Law through the Connecticut Assembly. The Black Law was passed which made it illegal to educate African Americans from outside the state in a Connecticut school. Prudence ignored the law and continued teaching the students. Therefore, she was arrested on June 27, 1833. Her first trial ended in a hung trial and her second resulted in her conviction. However, it was overturned by the Supreme Court on July 22,1834.

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On August 1834, Prudence married Calvin Philleo, a baptist minister with three children from an earlier marriage. In addition, she continued to educate her students after the trials. However, on September 9, 1834 the local men destroyed the boarding school. On September 10, 1834 Prudence closed the school fearing for the safety of her students. In 1835, Prudence and her husband moved to New York and soon after to Troy Groove, Illinois after the death of her father. She began to teach at her home, participate in women's suffrage activities, and make speeches for the suffrage movement and tolerance. In 1874, her husband died at age 87. Crandall then moved to Elk Falls, Kansas where she opened a school for Native Americans. Prudence died at Elk Falls on January 27, 1890 at age 87.

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"In the midst of this affliction, I am as happy as any moment in my life" -Prudence Crandall

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-M. (2017, April 02). Prudence Crandall. Retrieved from http://www.womenhistoryblog.com/2012/09/prudence-crandall.html
- Michals, M. (2015). Prudence Crandall. Retrieved from https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/prudence-crandall