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Education - Education after World War II | Britannica.com

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Education - Education after World War II | Britannica.com

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Effects of the World War on American Education on JSTOR

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Effects of the World War on American Education on JSTOR

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HomePage / World War I / In times of war... / Life in Italy during the Great War / Primary education during the Great War

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Teachers who served - Schools and the First World War | NZHistory, New Zealand history online

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Teachers who served - Schools and the First World War | NZHistory, New Zealand history online

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Whether as school cadet officers or supporters of saluting the flag, teachers did much to set the moral tone of New Zealand schools before and during the war. Many hundreds were also aware of the need for men to enlist.

Practising what they preach: teachers go to war

In 1919 the Education Department published a list of the Education Department employees from around the country who had joined the New Zealand Expeditionary Force (NZEF) during the war. Just over 1000 teachers enlisted for service in the NZEF and nearly 200 were killed in action or died from wounds while on service.

The jobs of many of those who went off to war were held open for them. Some who were left physically or mentally scarred from their service didn't return to their posts after the war.

The board of governors at Wellington College topped up the military pay of teachers who enlisted to the level of their teaching salary. They were also given a grant of £50 per year, and those commissioned before going overseas received a further £20 for equipment. One member of the teaching staff, P.A. Ongley, was killed in action at Bapaume, France, in August 1918. Six other members of staff were wounded, and two masters, Mawson and Williams, were awarded the Military Cross.

A shortage of trained teachers

With just over half of the country's 2300 public schools being sole-teacher institutions, the enlistment of the local teacher could have serious implications for the local community. At the beginning of 1917 the Evening Post reported that over 500 teachers had enlisted and that the shortage of fully qualified teachers was 'being increasingly felt'. Model lessons had been prepared and distributed to assist the increasingly inexperienced teaching workforce. District education boards made hundreds of special appointments, mostly of single women, to replace those enlisting. Boards also discouraged applications by older teachers to retire.

In early 1918 it was suggested that teachers should be exempted from serving or that those who were serving should be brought home to fill positions. When G.J. Goldsman, the Second Assistant Master at Masterton District High School, applied for a leave of absence so he could join up his application was denied. The Wellington Education Board, unable to find a replacement for him, successfully appealed to the Defence Department for his release from service.

Legacy of the war for schools

Schools that were in existence before the First World War often have an honour board acknowledging the teachers and ex-pupils who made the ultimate sacrifice. Many schools also have memorial gates, arches, stained-glass windows, plaques or trees. These show the impact of the war on school communities and serve as an important connection for successive generations of students with their school's past. The names of many awards and prizes honour ex-students and staff who served in the First World War.

Many of the children who began primary school during the First World War were fed a diet of epic School Journal stories and would themselves see service in the Second World War.

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Whether as school cadet officers or supporters of saluting the flag, teachers did much to set the moral tone of New Zealand schools before and during the war. Many hundreds were also aware of the need for men to enlist

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World History in Context - Document - The Nineteenth Century

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World History in Context - Document - The Nineteenth Century

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World History in Context - Document - Juvenile Delinquency and Hooliganism

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World History in Context - Document - Juvenile Delinquency and Hooliganism

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Children, schools and the First World War - Schools and the First World War | NZHistory, New Zealand history online

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Children, schools and the First World War - Schools and the First World War | NZHistory, New Zealand history online

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The declaration of war in 1914 was met with excitement as young men, fearful the 'great adventure' would be over before they could take part, rushed to enlist. Whether through displays of patriotism, fundraising, or sacrifices in their daily lives, everyone was called upon to show their support for the war. Schools and children were quickly called into action. Children raised funds for the war effort, knitted socks and scarves and wrote letters to the 'boys' at the front.

In the years leading up to the First World War, the education system had helped prepare children for what would be expected of them. At school they learned not only to read, write, and do their sums, but also received instruction in moral virtues and imperialistic ideals. Developing fit and healthy citizens was also seen as important to the strength of the country and the Empire.

Physical education and training in schools reflected the commonly held belief that a healthy body ensured a healthy mind. In the school cadets boys were taught to march, shoot straight and follow orders. Compulsory military training prepared a body of young men ready and willing to fight for 'King, Country, and Empire' in 1914.

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Children, schools and the First World War

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Schools and children were quickly called into action at the outset of the First World War in 1914. Developing patriotic, fit and healthy citizens was seen as important to the survival of the country and the Empire. Hundreds of teachers joined the NZEF, including many from sole-teacher schools. Almost 200 never returned.

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World History: The Modern Era - Ellen Key

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World History: The Modern Era - Ellen Key

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World History: The Modern Era - Username

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World History: The Modern Era - Rosa Luxemburg: The War and the Workers (1916)

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World History: The Modern Era - Rosa Luxemburg: The War and the Workers (1916)

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World History: The Modern Era - Username

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World History in Context - Document - THE WAR AT SCHOOL: THE EXPERIENCES OF ALBERTA SCHOOL CHILDREN DURING WORLD WAR ONE (1914-1918)

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World History in Context - Document - THE WAR AT SCHOOL: THE EXPERIENCES OF ALBERTA SCHOOL CHILDREN DURING WORLD WAR ONE (1914-1918)

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*first video wouldn't saved so I screen-recorded it :)*