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How to Prepare for College, Get into College & Thrive as a Student

Roughly 4.6 million English language learners attended U.S. public schools in 2014-15 and, while many of these students have the English skills needed for everyday life, some lack the language proficiency to get into college. Or they may have misconceptions about college so aren't even thinking about going. But many of these students have the drive and ability to do well in higher education - they just need the right information, support, and tools to get there. ESL/ELL students can find those resources in this guide. Read on to learn more.

Who Are ESL/ELL Students?

In general, school systems define English as a Second Language (ESL) students and English Language Learners (ELL) as those who are new to the United States, are non-native English speakers and are currently learning the language. These students account for nearly 10% of all public school attendees and that number is expected to grow in the coming years. ESL/ELL students are a diverse group - some may have parents who relocated for work, while others may have fled genocide in their home country. Still others may have been brought here as children and are now considered DREAMers.

Why College Matters

ESL students - like all other learners - want to provide for themselves and their families. The reality is that individuals with a college degree earn significantly more than those who only finish high school. A 2016 report by the Bureau of Labor Statistics found that those with a high school diploma brought home a median weekly wage of $679 in the first quarter of 2016, while those with a bachelor's degree earned $1,155 during the same timeframe. When considered across a year of working, those with a high school diploma earned just over $35,000 and those with a baccalaureate earned $60,000.

Common Barriers for ESL/ELL Students

Regardless of how long ESL/ELL students have been in America and enrolled in language-learning classes, these students face unique barriers at every step of their academic journey. "One of the biggest barriers ESL students face is a lack of understanding of the U.S. university system, how rankings work, and how to strategize their applications," says former ESL teacher Elisia Howard. "Students need help figuring out which college will help them achieve their goals while also offering a positive college experience."

Preparing for college: Many ESL/ELL students are the first in their families to have the opportunity to attend college, but because other family members didn't, they may not even have their sights set on college. Those that do, likely have no idea how to make it happen. Colorín Colorado, a bilingual site for educators and families of PreK-12 English language learners, notes that these students may not understand what schools are looking for in terms of standardized test scores and GPAs, aren't familiar with the different types of colleges (two-year vs. four-year, private vs. public), and sometimes don't even understand that they should aim for college since it hasn't been emphasized in their home lives.

Applying to college: Native-born English speakers can struggle through the college application process, so it's not surprising that ESL/ELL students feel overwhelmed by the many steps involved. But these students also tend to face other obstacles - misconception about college, a lack of financial support, an inability to write a strong admissions essay, or self-doubt. One of the most stressful barriers is the one undocumented students face when trying to explain why they haven't provided supplemental materials such as family income and a social security number.

Choosing a college: While ESL/ELL students should have done their research while applying to schools, the ultimate test comes when deciding which one to attend. Because their reading, grammar and writing skills may not be on par with native English speaking peers, they may struggle with their course load if they choose a school that doesn't offer services and support mechanisms tailored to their specific needs. If they don't have transportation of their own, getting to and from college from an off-campus residence could also be problematic. Lastly, students who are undocumented face an additional step when it comes to financial aid - they'll need to find out whether prospective colleges offer scholarships or grants and whether their immigration status affects their ability to receive institutional aid.

Being successful in college: Applying and being accepted to a college is a great achievement for any learner, but especially those who face additional language barriers. But to be successful in college, ESL/ELL students must tackle additional obstacles once they reach campus. Some may come from low-income families and have to work multiple jobs while in college, while others may feel overwhelmed by the cultural differences and question if they truly belong. For non-traditional/adult students, a lack of childcare could also present challenges.

Preparing for College

Many bright and motivated ESL/ELL students never get the chance to apply, much less attend, college for reasons ranging from lack of encouragement and information to misperceptions about the application process and financial aid. While most students will likely rely heavily on teachers/administrators/counselors to help and guide them, there are ways these students can be proactive to position themselves for college.

Find out why college is such a big deal Earning a college degree can help you land a higher-paying job, but that's not the only reason why it's important. College is also a place to expand your horizons and to learn about yourself and the world around you. As one teacher points out, though, many ESL students don't think of college that way. Ask yourself, "what does a normal day in college look like?" If you aren't sure how to answer this, find out. Talk to teachers and ask about their college experiences. Find out why they went to college and what they liked about it. If their responses get you excited, it's time you start envisioning college as part of your future.

Understand the requirements Students who don't come from families that attended college are often unfamiliar with the basic application requirements, such as standardized tests (ACT/SAT, SAT Subject Tests), having a certain GPA, or getting letters of recommendation. ESL/ELL students interested in pursuing a college education should look at a few colleges to get a sense of the application process and what is required. Our First Generation College Student Guide also provides a helpful timeline and other information to get ESL/ELL students started on their college journey.

Learn about your options The beauty of the American higher education system is that it offers many different paths to learning after high school. Some students may be best suited to a traditional four-year degree program, while others may benefit more from a certification or degree earned at a two-year community college or vocational/trade school. By exploring these different options and comparing them to personal goals and interests, ESL/ELL students can better plan for their futures.

Take additional classes ESL/ELL students typically have the English skills needed to succeed in everyday life by the time they reach college, but that doesn't mean they have the advanced skills needed for the rigors of postsecondary education. In addition to taking additional reading, writing, and grammar classes, a report by Vanderbilt University's Migration Policy Institute found that ESL students who enrolled in dual-credit programs - programs that allowed them to earn high school and college-level credit at the same time - were far more likely to enroll in college after high school than those who simply took AP classes.

Seek encouragement and support Any student can feel overwhelmed by all that goes into preparing for college, but those who aren't familiar with the educational system and whose first language isn't English can experience even higher levels of stress. The good news is that high schools have guidance and college counselors on-staff to help with the process. And don't forget that there are other forms of support and encouragement outside of the high school halls. "One of the biggest mistakes foreign students make is not being involved in activities outside school," says Howard. "Many are so concerned about their grades that they miss character and leadership development opportunities like playing on sports teams or volunteering."

Include your parents Parents want the best for the children and will do whatever it takes to see them succeed, but immigrant families are often unsure how to help or what to do. According to a study by the U.S. Department of Education, 65% of ESL students and their families said they didn't know how to complete the Free Application for Student Aid. Even if your parents don't speak English (or don't speak it well), encourage them to attend school meetings, college fairs and community workshops about preparing for college and translate for them so they understand what needs to be done and can offer help when you need it.

Resources
Colorín Colorado helps students and teachers alike understand what ELL students face when preparing for college and how to overcome obstacles. This article provides insider tips on what students need to know, how their ELL teacher can help and how to get through the application process. This guide by the Center for Applied Linguistics is especially helpful to learners who took time off between high school and college. This academic piece from the University of South Alabama gives students an idea of the level of writing they'll be expected to have in college and how to get there. Language Magazine highlights some of the common barriers students from this population face while also providing research on what it takes to succeed. The United Federation of Teachers provides this guide to ESL educators, but some of the topics are also relevant to students. Prepared by College Board, this guide is helpful to all first-generation students, including ESL/ELL students.
Applying to College

Applying to college is a multi-step process that takes lots of planning and concentrated focus. For ESL/ELL students who are completely unfamiliar with the process, it can be mysterious, confusing and frustrating. While it's important to get guidance from teachers and college counselors, it's also crucial for students to do their own research to understand what stands between them and higher education. Steps to keep in mind include:

Ask yourself the important questions What are your career goals? What are your interests? Do you want to stay close to home or venture further away? Do you want an urban or rural setting? Is cost a factor? Do the colleges you're considering offer a degree that will help you achieve your career goals? Do you need to work on your English more before applying? All of these are questions that college-bound ESL/ELL students should ask themselves before starting the process.

Make a list of prospective schools After self-reflection to answer the questions above, students need to narrow their options to 5-10 schools that meet their criteria. Review the application process for each, create a checklist of requirements and get started on checking them off.

Take standardized tests Most colleges require ACT or SAT exam scores so they can gauge students' readiness for college. Students should read about both exams to figure out which one best showcases their strengths. Once they've decide which exam to take, start studying and prepping for the big day. Those who are particularly worried about their English, writing and math skills may want to consider working with a tutor.

Ask for letters of recommendation Common references include teachers, principals, guidance counselors or other adults who can speak to your skills, discipline, motivation and what you'll bring to a college. Ask early - it's important to give your references ample time to write a thoughtful letter.

Write the essay Almost every college requires an essay response to a list of questions or prompts, and students need to spend sufficient time on these. When answering questions, remember to reflect on how your unique experience as an ESL/ELL student sets you apart. And if your English needs a little work, have multiple teachers review your essay and be prepared to do a few re-writes. (Don't worry, even native speakers have to do this.)

Collect other relevant documents Depending on the college, students likely need to submit additional documents, such as high school transcripts, a list of extracurriculars, medical records, and a photo ID.

Send in your applications Some colleges have rolling deadlines while others have a hard cutoff. Create a calendar of all the deadlines (and how the applications must be received) so you don't miss any.

Apply for federal financial aid Students and their families can complete the Free Application for Federal Student Aid starting January 1 of the year they plan to start school. Because funds are given on a first-come-first-serve basis, the sooner you get your application in, the better. Undocumented ESL/ELL students are not eligible for federal financial aid, but other aid - scholarships, grants, institutional aid - may be available to qualifying students.

Resources
Use this guide from PrepScholar to learn tips and tricks for acing the ACT even if English isn't your first language. PrepScholar provides this complete expert guide that outlines all the steps students are likely to encounter during the admissions process. Wondering what sort of additional requirements you may encounter when applying? Check out Seattle University's application checklist to get a general idea. (Note, requirements may be slightly different for other colleges.) This publication from the University of Arkansas provides a fascinating glimpse of the common mistakes non-native English speaking applicants makes and how to avoid them. This article provides a list of common mistakes that non-native English speakers make on their college admissions exam and how to avoid them. Magoosh has lots of helpful tips for ESL/ELL students who are nervous about taking the SAT. There are many organizations like EBS United that help bilingual students pay for college through scholarships. The Department of Education provides this helpful checklist.
Choosing a College

Once acceptance letters start coming in, students need to take a close look at the services offered at a college to ensure they'll have the support and resources needed for a smooth transition to college life. When choosing a college carefully review the following:

Support services When looking for support services, it's best to do a survey of schools to get a sense of what may be available. Modesto Junior College has an English Language Learner Welcome Center to help with enrollment problems, course registration, advising and orientation. The University of Minnesota offers editors and proofreaders to ensure ESL students improve their writing skills. "ESL students should look for colleges that work with them while they are learning English," says Howard. "The professors should be willing to work with them if they need extra help, or there should be a tutoring center that's aligned with the curriculum." But support services also go beyond academics. Some ESL/ELL students may experience culture shock and may struggle to fit in or find a sense of community. Look for colleges that can help you overcome these emotional challenges, should they occur. Support can come in the form of student groups/clubs, peer-to-peer mentoring programs, sports activities, dance clubs, or even just dormitory get-togethers.

Transportation Many ESL students don't have transportation of their own, so it's important to pick a school that is either close to public transportation or has their own. While students enrolled at NYU don't need to consider transport, those at a rural school do. Carlton College provides a good example of how schools can help - the campus bus provides free rides to popular spots around town for students to shop, buy groceries and eat out. Transportation is also important to think about when students are deciding how far away from home they want to be.

Funding Because undocumented students cannot receive federal financial aid, it's important to find a school that believes in and supports this student population. Trinity Washington University, Arizona State University, and Community College of Denver are just a few examples of schools that go above and beyond to ensure financial barriers don't stop these students from getting an education.

Bridge Programs

What are bridge programs? Bridge programs are offered by colleges and were designed specifically for ESL students. They help students master the English language while also introducing them to the norms and expectations of American colleges. Program length depends on the student's individual needs, but most are less than one year, and must be completed before the student begins their degree program at the college.

Who are bridge programs for? The majority are for college-bound ESL/ELL students or international students who want to improve their English skills before formally enrolling in a study abroad program.

What are the benefits? In addition to helping incoming ESL/ELL and international students further develop their language skills, bridge programs give students the chance to meet and interact with other students as well as faculty. This can help foster a sense of community before fully launching into college.

How do they work? Each program is different, but the majority require students to take several English classes that count toward undergraduate degree requirements. Students live at the school full-time, eating meals in the cafeteria, learning about campus programs and participating in classes. Once they've successfully completed the program, students can begin their freshman year at the college.

Examples of ESL bridge programs:

Lane Community College This Oregon-based community college offers an ESL to Credit Bridge program that includes an intensive ESL program, completion of 8-14 transferable credits and small class sizes so learners don't feel intimidated to engage and ask questions. The program lasts a full semester and students must earn at least a B grade to graduate. Resident students pay between $410 and $1,127, but scholarships are available to help offset costs.

The University of Colorado at Boulder The ESL Academic Bridge Program at UCB lasts 6-12 months and prepares ESL students to meet English language proficiency requirements. In addition to undertaking English coursework, students also attend workshops, events and activities to ensure a smooth transition into UCB academic and university life. Tuition ranges between $6,600 and $13,200 but financial aid is available.

Worchester State University WSU's Bridge-to-University Program further develops ESL/ELL students' English language fluency and familiarizes them with the nuances of college learning. Offered full-time, students take ESL and regular college credits. While enrolled, students receive individualized support and are taught practical skills, including how to interact with professors and turn in homework. Students can take a maximum of 18 credits over four semesters.

Being Successful in College

After years of planning, overcoming barriers and making decisions, what happens after a student arrives at college? College presents many opportunities to learn and grow, but it can also be stressful for any student. Below are nine tips to help ESL/ELL students be successful:

Make friends with students from other cultures Elisia taught ESL and international students for more than a decade, and during that time, she consistently encouraged her students to branch out. "One of the things I always told my students was to make friends with others who aren't from their home country," she recalls. "As my students started engaging with other international learners and Americans, their English became fluent and they were able to enjoy their experience more."

Get to know your professors Professors are far more likely to provide extra support and empathy if they have a sense of who you are and how hard you're working. You don't need to share your whole life story, but make it a point to speak with them after class or during office hours - this allows you to create a genuine relationship while also demonstrating your commitment to doing well in their class.

Ask questions if you aren't sure Many ESL/ELL students can read English, but listening can prove much more difficult, or vice versa. If your teacher or an advisor says something and you don't understand, don't be afraid to ask what they meant. It's far better to ask questions than to assume and turn in an incorrect assignment.

Find out about tutoring Many, if not all, colleges offer academic tutoring, and many even have writing centers to help students outline papers, find resources and ensure they're using proper, academic English. Find out where tutoring is located on your campus and drop in whenever you need some extra help.

Partner with another student In addition to making a new friend, partnering with a fellow student is a great way to share notes, discuss concepts and study for upcoming quizzes and exams.

Don't take on too much Lots of freshmen hit the ground running their first semester, taking 15 or more academic credits while also balancing extracurriculars, clubs and social life. But most ESL/ELL students are better off if they start slow and then branch out once they've found a good rhythm and feel confident about their mastery of English. As Americans say, don't try to run before you can walk.

Ask professors for supplemental materials Detailed notes taken by students are important in the learning and studying process, but materials from professors can be even more beneficial. In addition to handouts given to the class, ask the professor if they're willing to share PowerPoint slides or if they have recommendations for supplemental materials.

Balance school and work Lots of ESL/ELL students feel pressure to work while in school - either to support themselves or their families - but remember that the reason you're in college is to gain an education. If your schoolwork is suffering due to a job, cut back on your hours and refocus. If you absolutely need to work, talk to your family or employer to see if you can work out a solution that helps ease the pressure.

Find out about childcare If you're an adult ESL/ELL learner with children, find out whether your college offers childcare services and, if so, when they're available. Students who are unsure what to look for can check out examples from South Seattle College and Herkimer College.

How to Overcome Language Barriers When Studying Abroad

ESL/ELL students aren't the only non-native speakers who struggle with English and transitioning to college life. International students studying abroad in the U.S. often face similar challenges but have a limited amount of time to overcome them. Below are a few tips to help ESL/ELL students from abroad overcome language and cultural obstacles.

Make American friends The reassurance and calm that comes from interacting with fellow international students can be comforting - especially when you're homesick - but hanging out with students from your home country won't ease language and cultural barriers and somewhat defeats the purpose of you studying abroad. Embrace your American experience by making new American friends.

Find fun ways to learn the language and culture Sitting in an English class for even an hour can feel mentally draining for international students who have to work hard to keep up with what's happening. But all learning doesn't have to happen in the classroom. Try participating in movie nights, book clubs or other events that require you to use English in a fun and exciting way.

Don't be afraid to laugh at yourself In the same way that international countries have encountered Americans who butchered the pronunciation of a word in their language, at some point it will happen to you while studying in the U.S. The best approach in these situations is to simply laugh and realize that mistakes are just a part of the learning process.

Share your culture with others In addition to most of your American peers not knowing your language, they likely don't know much about your culture, either. Breaking down barriers is a two-way street, so consider inviting new friends over and cooking one of your favorite meals from home or playing a game that's popular where you're from.

Remember why you're here In addition to learning the curriculum, many international students come to America to experience the culture and make new friends. Earn good grades, but don't get so focused on learning that you don't interact with others or explore your temporary home away from home.

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Getting Into College As An ESL/ELL Student

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Earning a college degree can lead to new and exciting career opportunities. Here, we outline the best programs for ESL/ELL students.

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Students perform better when parents are involved in their education

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1. model appropriate participation techniques; go through culturally appropriate interactions
2. provide language supports/graphic organizers
3. prepare students ahead of time with prompts related to the discussion
3. use Think-Pair-Share activities
4. choose groups strategically, pair ELLs with a non ELL buddy
5. make discussions meaningful- they should be personally/culturally relevant so ELLs aren't afraid to participate
6. give feedback regularly
7. rephrase/clarify for student comprehension
8. monitor group conversations, facilitate meaningful conversations while walking around

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How this research changed my practice of teaching ELLs

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How this research changed my practice of teaching ELLs

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Whereas before I would be hesitant to include my ELLs in participation and collaborative tasks out of fear of putting them on the spot, I have now realized there are a variety of strategies I can use to successfully include them during these activities. Research indicates that inquiry based learning actually promotes content learning as well as language acquisition for ELLs. I have learned to continue promoting collaboration among all my students.

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How this research changed my knowledge of teaching ELLs

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How this research changed my knowledge of teaching ELLs

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I try to educate my students on post secondary options as much as possible, especially grade 11 and 12 students. With ELLs, more emphasis needs to be placed on the basics, such as the barriers they may face:
- unfamiliarity with the system
- marks/admission requirements such as English language proficiency test requirements (MELAB, IELTS)
- what options are available to them
- supports available for ELLs at different academic institutions
- institutional and cultural differences
-  post secondary education tuition costs, payment options
With all this information in mind, I need to regularly introduce my ELL students to information and tools necessary to have them successfully take the educational path they have in mind. As an English teacher, I can easily and regularly review content for English language proficiency testing for post secondary education and create activities and lessons geared towards exploration of and preparation for post secondary education that is also shared with

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How this research changed my knowledge of teaching ELLS

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How this research changed my knowledge of teaching ELLS

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There are a variety of things I learned while researching my first question. I can incorporate a variety of strategies in order to bridge the communication gap between ELLs' parents and I. Some of these strategies include:
1. showing ELLs and their families that you value students' native languages
learned about ELl prior to implementing strategies
2. integrating cultural traditions of ELL family into the classroom
3. contacting parents early on in the semester to introduce yourself, explain protocols, etc.
4. using a portfolio as a way of sharing student work and progress with parents- this provide easy accessibility to student work
5. find an interpreter, if necessary and translate letters/notes that go home, if necessary

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Each school (college or university) can decide on admission requirements and select which students to accept.

Generally, you can apply to a college or university in 1 of these categories:

"Domestic" student - You are a Canadian citizen or permanent resident.

International or "Foreign" student - You are not a Canadian citizen or permanent resident. You will need a study permit.

Generally, international students must pay a higher tuition rate for college and university programs. In some cases, the tuition is double or triple the amount that domestic students pay.

Some colleges and universities have different tuition rates for children and dependents of diplomats, and children or dependents of people with some kinds of work permit.

In Ontario, all children 18 years old and younger can attend public elementary and secondary schools, regardless of their immigration status or the status of their parents. However, this law does not apply to colleges and universities.

Apply to a University

To apply to an Ontario university, you must submit your application to the Ontario Universities' Application Centre (OUAC). The OUAC processes application for all Ontario universities.

The deadline to apply depends on whether you are currently in high school, and which kind of program you are applying to. For example, professional programs usually have different deadlines than undergraduate (Bachelor's) programs. You can find information about application deadlines on the OUAC website.

Apply to a College

To apply to an Ontario college, you must submit your application to the Ontario College Application Service (OCAS). OCAS processes the applications for public colleges in Ontario. If you are accepted to a college, you also send your response to the OCAS. The OCAS will respond to the college for you.

Unlike universities, colleges do not have the same kind of final application deadline. Generally, colleges consider all applications that they receive by a certain date together; after that date, they consider applications on a first-come, first-served basis. You can find out information about the application dates on the OCAS webpage - When to Apply.

You can contact a community agency for more information. To find help, go to Services Near Me and search for "settlement services" in your area.

For More Information

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How do I apply for admission to a university or college?

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Skip Breadcrumb Links Each school (college or university) can decide on admission requirements and select which students to accept. Generally, you can apply to a college or university in 1 of these categories: "Domestic" student - You are a Canadian citizen or permanent resident.

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Though I feel better equipped to take on the challenges facing ELLs, I still need more information on how I can help ease their transition into post secondary education.

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I think collaboration is key in the classroom, and therefore I originally was worried about how I could continue to incorporate inquiry based and collaborative learning while maintaining a safe space where everyone felt welc9ome and willing to share their ideas and participate in discussions, including my ELLs.

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When I was first given the task to explore possible research questions, this first came to mind. Communicating with my ELLs may be a challenge for me, but communicating with ELLs' parents who may have an equal and even lower English language proficiency would be difficult. My personal teaching pedagogy emphasizes the importance of regular and transparent communication with parents. Therefore, I knew this was an area that I would definitely need to investigate in order to keep constant communication going between ELLs' parents and I.

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Question 1: What strategies can I use to communicate with and build a strong relationship with parents/guardians of ELL students who also face a language barrier?

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Question 1: What strategies can I use to communicate with and build a strong relationship with parents/guardians of ELL students who also face a language barrier?

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ILP Research 1.8

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Question 3: What are some effective strategies I can use with my ELL students to ease the transition into secondary school and eventually post-secondary education?

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Question 3: What are some effective strategies I can use with my ELL students to ease the transition into secondary school and eventually post-secondary education?

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ILP Research 5.6.1

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Question 2: How can I help my ELL students take a proactive role during inquiry-based learning opportunities, such as posing questions, participating in class discussions, and collaborating with their peers?

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Question 2: How can I help my ELL students take a proactive role during inquiry-based learning opportunities, such as posing questions, participating in class discussions, and collaborating with their peers?

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ILP Research 2.8