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Renaissance began in Italy and spread to the rest of Europe
It was divided into the Quattrocento ( 1400 ) and the Cinquecento ( 1500 )

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They wanted to create harmonious spaces with olderly elements. They icluded classical elements such as lintels, greek columns...

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-Painters recreated classical mythology, religious scenes and psychological portraits,and also depicted nature ( idealised)
They used the laws of prespective
-Sculptors were interested in human body and tried to represent him perfectly (Proportions and Harmony )and there was a return to equestrial sculpture
- In Quattrocento Proportion and harmony were valued
-In Cinquecento  Their focus shifted to volume, emotions and feelings.

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In the quattrocento, painters created a third dimension by creating an imaginary opening in the background called the vanishing point , giving like this a sense of depth. They also included architectural frameworks, which reinforced illusion.

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St.Peter's Basilisca in the Vatican symbolises the power of the catholic church and pope's patronage.
Work in basilisca started in the 16 century and the cinquecento arists contributed.

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In 16 century, Spanish Renaissance artist , concerned with light, colour and perspective, focused on religious themes.
Valencia was the centre of artistic activity, and had Italian strong influences. In the second half, Castilians artists and court portrait painters influenced

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Since Lutherian Reformation, German artists worked with austere religious themes and also creating portraits, landscapes and mythology scenes.
The Rennaissance aesthetic was intoduced by Albretch Dürer, who focused in proportion and harmony of human body.
Hans Holbein the Younger and Lucas Cranach the Elder, influenced also by supporting Lutheranism and painting portraits of its founder.

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In the Cinquecento , some artists wanted to make the more realistic possible their works. To do it, they created the illusion of depth by painting the air.
Da Vinci was the fist exponent, using sfumato ( obscure outlines and details simulating reality and areas combined into one realistic representation of light and colour.)
Painters used also light to give volume and contrast ( chiaroscuro) using oil painting.

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Italian art wasn't as influential in Flanders, whose pictorial school had a strong influence in the 15 century in which Jan van Eyck perfected his oil painting and painted large portraits and Rogier van der Weyden produced religious works.
In the 16 century Flemish paining had its own style,a reflection of the burgeois society that bought works of art. It was original for its
-obssesion with detail and realism
-Exclussion of mythology and religious themes
-depiction of landscapes, everyday life scenes anf family portraits.
Also in 16 century Pieter Brueghel the Elder mixed Renaissance withFlemish scenes, representing everyday life

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Italian influence started at the end of the 15 century and solified during the reign of Francis I, great humanist and patron of arts and many Italian artists such as Da VInci worked on his court.
What stands out most is architecture, with new palaces such us Fontainebleu. They has classical façades and steep gabled roofs, topped with chimneys and dormers.

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8.3 Renaissance in Spain: Sculpture and Religious imagery

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8.3 Renaissance in Spain: Sculpture and Religious imagery

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Spanish school of sculpture wanted to capture religious sentiment and represent spirituality. It produced many alterpieces, funeral monuments and religious imagery especially in polychrome

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In 16 century, architecture was separated in  three stages:
Plateresque: Introduced new deccorative  elements to Gothic buildings . Its name comes from using reliefs, reminiscent of the work of silversmiths

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Classical: Was modelled on classical architecture ( columns, lintels and gables )

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8.1.1. Renaissance in Spain: Painting: El Greco

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8.1.1. Renaissance in Spain: Painting: El Greco

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Doménikos Theotokópoulos, known as El Greco was the spainish Renaissance genius. When he was young he went to Italy and learned from Italian masters, then he went to Toledo and produced masterpieces.
His work was caracterized by:
-Vivid pigmentation
-Reddish,bluish tones and light contrasts
-Complex compositions with elongated figures ( spirituality )

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Herrerian: Was caracterized by its absence of ornamentation, straight lines and cubic volumes