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INTERNAL

1 - Technology Change: A building supply merchant updates pricing technology from paper forms to a specially designed computer system.
2 - Staff Restructure: Disestablishing two managers roles and creating a new unified role allowing disestablished employees the chance to apply.

EXTERNAL

1 - Marketing: Recognising the growth of online technology and launching a website to offer the consumer an online portal as well as physical.
2 - Law: Identifying the constant minimum wage increases are becoming a added cost to the business and not replacing roles when people leave if possible.

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External source of change

Economic:  A change in the value of the dollar may encourage a footwear manufacturing company to have their production moved offshore, allowing them to save money and increase their product type.

Technological:  A new form of manufacturing process may encourage a local dairy production company to change the way they make their cheese, allowing them to increase output.

Internal source of change

Internal process:  A change to the internal systems of a small business may allow them the opportunity to sell their products online via a website, rather than solely retail. An example may be a secondhand dealer setting up a TradeMe account and selling their product via that channel.

HR: A new manager with business training may see new opportunities that were not apparent to previous manager. An example may be a Butchers shop start selling fundraising packs of bacon to local sports clubs.

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External
Technology – Installation of self-checkouts for example, Kmart and The Warehouse.  Customers can process items directly, which removes the need for operators.

Political –The government introducing law/legislation around the use of plastic bags.  Retail businesses would need to offer alternative packaging solutions e.g. reusable bags.

Internal

Technology Process – computer software that automatically checks invoices against receipts, requiring an accounts clerk to only review invoices that don’t match due to a discrepancy, e.g. dollar value, quantity.

Structure – Company expansion will require the recruitment of new staff or training/development of current staff.  Alternatively the company may need to reduce staff, e.g. redundancies which would see a decrease in staffing levels.  Either would see a change to the hierarchy

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Kindergarten/School

|  External Sources of opportunity change | Political-legislation: practising Health and Safety regular and educate the children to understand why is important
| Socio-cultural: educate to accept the other culture and help children who are a non-English speaker, apply anti-bullying programme to help children to interact better and smoothly interact the community by applying ESOL /Speech-language therapist or professional help in an appropriate time when the children start to attend the school or kindergartner.
|  Internal Sources of opportunity change | People& human resources: select appropriate teachers at the interview process  - who willing to undergo (if necessary) the psychological test to filter out who can effectively teach the children and able to manage the different situation and also able to tolerate everyday pressure.
| Structural: give more opportunity for parents to decide when they want to enrol their child/children at the school (5 or 6 years old or between then)And seek professionals opinion/s -if necessary - because not all children are same.

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1) Strategic change is a change in the strategy or mission of the organisation. For example, diversification of business, acquisition of new business or merging with another company are strategic changes which in turn may require a change in organisational culture.

2) Structural change is a change in the organisational structure such as team building or downsizing. These changes are made to make operations run more smoothly, improve overall coordination and control or empower individuals to make their own decisions in the area of their work.

3) Process-oriented change are changes related to technology, automation, robotics, computerization and the like. If process-oriented change takes the form of re-engineering, it, may have diamatic effects on the organisation’s culture.

4) People-oriented change include changes directed at the attitudes, behaviors, skills or performance of the employees of the organisation. It is very crucial for managers to change their employees in order to change their organisations. People-oriented changes can be achieved through retraining, replacing current employees or increasing the performance expectations of new employees.

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1. Structural - change to internal structure of company due to influences from external environment. Example: Creating a no smoking policy. This implements changes within company policies and promotes a healthier workforce.

2. Technological - Providing new products, changing existing ones, improving reliability and quality.  Managing the innovative process.  Example - 10 workers are packing a product.  Company uses new technology which reduces workers to 2-3 for machinery handling.

EXTERNAL

3. Political - These forces are directly bearing on the functionality of the business. They can positively or negatively affect business environment. Example: Government removes letting fees from tenancy agreements.

4. Economic - Performance of the business depends on the economic environment. Example: Financial fluctuations like inflation or deflation can affect housing sales and purchases in real estate.

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External change
1) Changes to legislation such as the new minimum wage standards
2) Technology advances e.g. competitors adding more advanced cameras to smart phones
Internal change
1) union action such as the school teachers pay negotiations
2) internal processes such as changes to HR policies e.g. rules around applying for leave

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Internal
1 - Processes - technological - for example a burger joint updated the technology in their kitchen to have the cooking of the buns on a timer, taking into consideration the weight, size and make up of the dough, rather than having to manually check when the bun was cooked.
2 - Structure - for example a business may decide to alter the structure of the make up of the business. Changing the procedure of meetings from national in person ones once every 6 months, to once a month by video conference.

External
3 - Socio - cultural - one of high interest at the moment. Consumers tolerance for low sustainability of the product, or poor environmental consideration in any part of the process, whether it be production, shipment or packaging.
4 - Economical - competitors - for example in the industry of selling building materials, one company may introduce mobile van that sells basic, often needed, emergency supplies, the competitors will need to change in order to stay competitive in the market to satisfy customer needs.