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Athena, an Olympian goddess, reflects aspects of wisdom and warfare amongst Greeks. With her miraculous birth, “...[Zeus] swallowed [Metis] and Athena was born from [his] head, wearing armour and fully grown.” (Ancient History, Mark C.) Ironically, they associated her with peace and handicrafts, as well. She was the most resourceful of the Olympians and her courageousness prompted others, including gods and goddesses, to ask her for advice and guidance. In an effort to honor her almighty figure, the Greeks built the city of Athens to respect their patron. Celebrations and festivals were held every four years, incorporating a presentation of Athena’s greatness and athletic games with various prizes. The Greeks indulged in prosperous feasts in her name, as well.

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Athena acts as Odysseus’ guide, patron goddess, and guardian angel throughout the Odyssey. She saves him from suffering terrible fates by doing many things, one of which being implanting a smart idea into his mind, “... his skin would’ve been torn off and all his bones broken, if Athena had not put a thought into his mind...” (The Museum, George) Occurring various amounts of times throughout the entire story, she plays a big role in the decision making and actions of Odysseus, whom is provided great help from her. Often in disguise as one person or another, she asks her father, Zeus, to allow her to come and assist this man.

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Athena often associated with symbols and ideas that represented her values and characteristics. She represented the owl, as a symbol of wisdom, and the olive tree, as a symbol of peace. One of the legends from Athens includes Athena offering to give the Greeks an olive tree in return for building the city in honor of her. The spear that the goddess is usually depicted in represents her strategic warfare tactics and courage.

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Roy George. “Ulysses and Athena”. The Museum of the Goddess Athena, 1999. http://www.goddess-athena.org/Museum/Texts/Odyssey.htm Accessed 7 Dec., 2018

Mark Cartwright. “Athena.” Ancient History Encyclopedia, May 2012. https://www.ancient.eu/athena/. Accessed 7 Dec., 2018.