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the surface epithelium of the skin, overlying the dermis.Skin has three layers: The epidermis, the outermost layer of skin, provides a waterproof barrier and creates our skin tone. The dermis, beneath the epidermis, contains tough connective tissue, hair follicles, and sweat glands. The deeper subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis) is made of fat and connective tissue.

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the thick layer of living tissue below the epidermis which forms the true skin, containing blood capillaries, nerve endings, sweat glands, hair follicles, and other structures.The dermis is the layer of skin that lies beneath the epidermis and above the subcutaneous layer. It is the thickest layer of the skin, and is made up of fibrous and elastic tissue. Thus it provides strength and flexibility to the skin.

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In arthropods, the hypodermis is an epidermal layer of cells that secretes the chitinous cuticle. The term also refers to a layer of cells lying immediately below the epidermis of plants. The hypodermis is beneath dermis which is beneath epidermis. It is used mainly for fat storage.

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Collagen is a protein present in all the body's organs and tissues. It provides the matrix that sustains the body's structure. Collagen's main function is to sustain tendons, skin and cartilage. It provides integrity, firmness and elasticity to their structures.Collagen is present throughout the body.

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In its active form as calcitriol, vitamin D contributes to skin cell growth, repair, and metabolism. It optimizes the skin's immune system and helps destroy free radicals that can cause premature aging. While the body can produce vitamin D on its own through sun exposure, too much sun accelerates skin aging.

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Keratin is one of a family of fibrous structural proteins. It is the key structural material making up hair, nails, horns, claws, hooves, and the outer layer of human skin. Keratin is also the protein that protects epithelial cells from damage or stress.

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It encourages healthy skin cell production. Retinal, retinol and retinoic acid are important to cell production and growth. Vitamin A also stimulates fibroblasts—the cells responsible for developing tissue that keeps skin firm and healthy—in the deep layers of your skin.Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin that is good for healthy vision, skin, bones and other tissues in the body. Vitamin A often works as an antioxidant, fighting cell damage, but it also has many other uses

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Sweat glands, also known as sudoriferous or sudoriparous glands, from Latin sudor, meaning 'sweat', are small tubular structures of the skin that produce sweat. Sweat glands are a type of exocrine gland, which are glands that produce and secrete substances onto an epithelial surface by way of a duct

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A skin lesion is a part of the skin that has an abnormal growth or appearance compared to the skin around it. ... Primary skin lesions are abnormal skin conditions present at birth or acquired over a person's lifetime. Secondary skin lesions are the result of irritated or manipulated primary skin lesions.

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Crusting - Varying colors of liquid debris (serum or pus) that has dried on the surface of the skin. Crusting usually results from trauma to vesicles, bullae, or pustules. Examples: impetigo, secondarily infected dermatitis. Clinical: crusting. Schematic: crust.

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Macular (skin): Adjective referring to macules which are circumscribed changes in the color of skin that are neither raised (elevated) nor depressed. Macules are never large. They are little spots or blemishes in the skin.

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A nodule is a raised solid lesion more than 1 cm. and may be in the epidermis, dermis, or subcutaneous tissue. 4. TUMOR. A tumor is a solid mass of the skin or subcutaneous tissue; it is larger than a nodule. (Please bear in mind this definitiondoes not at all mean that the lesion is a neoplasm.)

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The term "papule" is derived from Latin from "papula," a pimple. Dermatologists call any small solid circumscribed bump in the skin a papule, as opposed to a vesicle which contains fluid or a macule which is flat and even with the surrounding skin.A papule is an area of abnormal skin tissue that is less than 1 centimeter around. A papule has distinct borders, and it can appear in a variety of shapes. Papules are often called skin lesions, which are essentially changes in the color or texture of your skin.

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Skin regulates body temperature and stores water, fat, and vitamin D. The skin, which weighs about 6 pounds, is the body's largest organ. It is made up of two main layers: the epidermis and the dermis. The outer layer of the skin (epidermis) is mostly made up of flat, scale-like cells called squamous cells.

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A flesh-colored, firm papule or nodule due to infection of epidermal cells with human papillomaviruses. ... The growth is characterized by hypertrophy of dermal papillae and thickening of the keratin layers of the epidermis. The surface is hyperkeratotic with many small filamentous projections.

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A raised, itchy (pruritic) area of skin that is sometimes an overt sign of allergy. ... Wheals reflect circumscribed dermal edema (fluid collection in the layer of skin below the surface). A wheal is also sometimes called a welt and often a hive.A skin wheal is a patch on the skin that is elevated, discolored, changes shape, and often itches. It can be due to an insect bite, an adverse reaction to something that touched your skin, eczema, or another small puncture wound you experienced. You may have also heard a skin wheal referred to as a 'welt' or a 'hive.'

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Hirsutism is excessive hair growth on a woman in places usually seen on men, such as the face, chest, back and abdomen. ... Hirsutism can also be a hereditary condition, and not disease-related at all. Hirsutism is caused by an increased level of circulating androgens in women.

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the partial or complete absence of hair from areas of the body where it normally grows; baldness.When you have an autoimmune disease, your immune system attacks your own body. With alopecia areata, it's the hair follicles that are attacked. This causes the hair to come out, often in clumps the size and shape of a quarter. The amount of hair loss is different in everyone

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The medical term for what is better known as an ingrown toenail. What causes ingrown toenails? An imbalance between the size of the nail and the enlargement of the nail skin edge causes ingrown toenails. This condition can be exacerbated by improper trimming of the toenail, an inherited or hereditarycondition, and improper shoe fitting.

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Onychomycosis, also known as tinea unguium, is a fungal infection of the nail. ... Toenails or fingernails may be affected, but it is more common for toenails to be affected. Complications may include cellulitis of the lower leg. The most common cause is T. rubrum and non-dermatophyte molds. Yeast onychomycosis: This type is caused by a yeast called Candida and not by the Trichophyton fungus named above. It is more common in fingernails and is a common cause of fungal fingernails.

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the practice of biting one's nails, especially when done habitually and as a symptom of emotional disturbance.Crowding and rotations of incisors are common with this habit. Nail biting or onychophagia is a common stress-relieving oral habit. ... Onychophagy is a nail disease caused by repeated injuries of nails. Nail biting as auto destruction and onychophagy are its most aggressive forms.

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a congenital absence of pigment in the skin and hair (which are white) and the eyes (which are usually pink).A defect in one of several genes that produce or distribute melanin causes albinism. The defect may result in the absence of melanin production, or a reduced amount of melanin production. The defective gene passes down from both parents to the child and leads to albinism.

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Contusion is really just a fancy word for a bad bruise. Professional athletes are often benched suffering from contusions. ... A contusion is any damage to the body that doesn't break the skin but ruptures the blood capillaries beneath, resulting in a handsome-looking discoloration.

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A broader definition of ecchymosis is the escape of blood into the tissues from ruptured blood vessels. The term also applies to the subcutaneous discoloration resulting from seepage of blood within the contused tissue.

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A bruise is a common type of hematoma. ... An ecchymosis is a hematoma of the skin larger than 10mm. They may occur among/within many areas such as skinand other organs, connective tissues, bone, joints and muscle. A collection of blood (or even a hemorrhage) may be aggravated by anticoagulant medication (blood thinner).For example, pain from a hematoma can be treated with pain medications such as acetaminophen (Tylenol). Surgical drainage is a common method of treatment for certain hematomas. Presence of symptoms and location of the hematomagenerally dictate what type of procedure is needed and how urgently it needs to be done.

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a chronic skin disease characterized by circumscribed red patches covered with white scales.Factors that may trigger psoriasis include: Infections, such as strep throat or skin infections. Injury to the skin, such as a cut or scrape, a bug bite, or a severe sunburn. Stress.

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A chronic skin disease that causes persistent redness over the areas of the face and nose that normally blush: mainly the forehead, the chin, and the lower half of the nose.Causes. Experts are not sure what causes rosacea. The following related factors are thought to contribute: Abnormalities in facial blood vessels: Skin specialists (dermatologists) suggest that abnormalities in the blood vessels of the face cause the flushing, persistent redness, and visible blood vessels

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Is also known as a "boil." A boil is a tender, dome-shaped skin lesion caused by an infection around a hair follicle with Staphylococcus aureus. Antibiotics are often not very helpful in treating abscesses.You can get a boil when bacteria enter the skin through cuts and grazes. Your immune system responds by sending infection-fighting white blood cells to kill the bacteria. ... A carbuncle develops when the infection spreads further beneath the skin to create a cluster of boils.