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1564-1642 (77 years)
Suraya Berhe 8a

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For exactly 410 years ago, Galileo Galilei aimed his own telescope toward the sky. He dried the tears and thanked his god. What he saw changed the world's science forever.

Galileo was an Italian astronomer, professor, mathematician, philosopher, and a physicist. He improved the telescope and made many significant discoveries in astronomy. His findings inspired him to speak out for the Copernican view that the earth revolved around the sun. And his most famous scientific works included Two New Sciences

about kinetics and the strength of materials.

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Galileo Galilei was born on February 15, 1564, in Pisa, into a poor but noble family. As young, his parents noticed his intelligence and made sacrifices to have him educated. At his father’s demand, Galileo studied the productive career of medicine. He became critical of many of Aristotle‘s teaching which had dominated education for the past 2,000 years.

Galileo was appointed to be a mathematics professor at the University of Pisa, but his strident criticisms of Aristotle left him isolated amongst his contemporaries. After three years of persecution, he resigned and went to the University of Padua, where he explained maths. His entertaining lectures attracted a large following, and he spent the next 18 years continuing his interests in astronomy and mechanics.

Galileo had three children, born out of his paramour Marina Gamba. He was especially close to one of his daughters, Polissena; she took the name of Sister Maria Celeste and entered a convent near Arceti. Galileo turned blind five years before he passed away on 8 January 1642, he became 77 years old.  He is buried with his daughter in the Basilica di Santa Croce in Florence.

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In 1609, Galileo heard about the binoculars. The groundbreaking invention that had recently been constructed by two Dutch opticians could get distant objects to look as

if they were close. Soon, Galilei had built his own binoculars and by that, he invented the world’s first powerful telescope.

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Galileo’s telescopes increased magnification from around just 2x to around 30x magnification. In addition to the moon's rough surface, Galilei also saw other wonderful things. One night at the beginning of 1610, he observed four smaller "planets" that moved regularly around Jupiter. He named them Io, Ganymede, Callisto, and Europa. Using this new telescope he also found out that Saturn had a beautiful ring of clouds and that the Milky Way consists of a lot of small stars.

Galileo Galilei discovered that the sun had sun spots (dark regions).

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He also discovered that the planet Venus also has phases just like the moon.  Trough his binoculars Galileo saw that Venus appeared smaller when it was at full phase and therefor is farthest from earth.

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Galileo Galilei wrote a thesis on the body's center of gravity, which in 1589 made him a professor of mathematics at the University of Pisa. He presented experiments that showed that the fall rate of bodies not only depends on their weight, but also on their density, and he thus confirmed his case law.1612 Galileo published Discourse on Bodies in Water, which disproved the Aristotelian explanation of why objects float in water, saying that it wasn’t because of their flat shape, but instead the weight of the object in relation to the water it displaced.

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 How have his discoveries influenced science?

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 How have his discoveries influenced science?

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“In advocating and fighting for the Copernican theory Galileo was not only motivated by a striving to simplify the representation of the celestial motions. His aim was to substitute for a petrified and barren system of ideas the unbiased and strenuous quest for a deeper and more consistent comprehension of the physical and astronomical facts.”

-Einstein

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Galileo Galilei is one of the most greatest scientist that have ever lived. He discovered many things that have changed our worldview forever.

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