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When the birds repopulated, the genes of the smaller and thinner beaked birds simply weren't there because those birds weren't the ones who were repopulating. There for there genes became less and less common until they just weren't around anymore due to natural selection. The beak size of the remaining Medium Ground Finches has increased because of Natural Selection.

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When the Portulaca plant died off, the small thin beaked Medium Ground Finches were unable to eat any other plant. Although these birds did have an alternative food source they were unable to consume these seeds. When these finches tried to eat other plants, (such as the Tribulus) their fragile beaks would snap, and the bird would eventually die due to starvation not being able to eat. Eventually the Medium Ground Finches with small, thin beaks died off completely. (Without the the finches with more fragile beaks, the larger and thicker beaked birds were the only ones to repopulate to the next generation.)

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The drought caused the Portulaca Plant (the finches main source of food) to die off. This ended up killing off the smaller and thin beaked Finches on Daphne Major. And without the smaller thin beaked birds to add to the genepool of what was left off the population, the thicker larger beaked birds were the only ones that repopulated. Natural selection appeared here because only the fittest were chosen to survive. The fittest in this case were the larger beaked finches.

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Evidence Piece #3 There Was an Increase in Medium Ground Finches Beaks that stayed Alive

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Evidence Piece #3 There Was an Increase in Medium Ground Finches Beaks that stayed Alive

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Because the Medium Ground Finches that died off had the smaller and thinner beaks, when it was time for the remaining Birds to stay alive, they only had Finches with the stronger and thicker beaks repopulating. All of the birds that ended up surviving the drought from 1976-1978 had larger beaks. In 1976 there were a total of 751 Medium Ground Finches on Daphne Major. By the time 1978 came there were only 90 of the originally tagged Finches.

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Evidence Piece #2 The Portulaca Plant Died Off Completely 

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Evidence Piece #2 The Portulaca Plant Died Off Completely 

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Because there was a large drought from 1976-1978, most of the plants on Daphne Major failed to survive. In 1978, the chance of finding a Portulaca seed for the Finches to eat was .41. This plant was soft and easy for the small thin beaked finches to eat. The chance of finding a Tribulus seed in 1978 was 5.08.

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In 1977 The Island of Daphne Major went through a major drought period. This island only received the small amount of 20 mm of rain throughout the entire year.

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The microevolution mechanism of natural selection caused the beak of the medium ground finch population on daphne major to increase from 1976-1978