# data[].attributes.body
A
Airway: Any part of the respiratory tract through which air passes during breathing (vie respiratorie)
Amphipathic: (of a molecule, especially a protein) having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts
Anaemia: a medical condition in which there are too few red cells in your blood, causing you to feel tired and look pale (anemia)
Anaerobe: any organism that does not require oxygen for growth (anaerobio)
Angina:  a disease marked by spasmodic attacks of intense suffocative pain in the chest (angina)
Antibody: a blood protein produced in response to and counteracting a specific antigen. Antibodies combine chemically with substances which the body recognizes as alien, such as bacteria, viruses, and foreign substances in the blood (anticorpo)
Antigen: a toxin or other foreign substance which induces an immune response in the body, especially the production of antibodies (antigene)
Antioxidant: a substance such as vitamin C or E that removes potentially damaging oxidizing agents in a living organism (antiossidante)

Antithrombin deficiency: a blood disorder characterized by the tendency to form clots in the veins (antitrombina)

Aqueous: of or containing water (acquoso)
Arthropod: an invertebrate animal of the large phylum Arthropoda, such as an insect, spider, or crustacean (artropodo)
Atherosclerosis: a disease of the arteries characterized by the deposition of fatty material on their inner wall (aterosclerosi)
B
Beeswax: the wax secreted by bees to make honeycombs and used to make wood polishes and candles (cera vergine)
Bilayer: a film two molecules thick, in which each molecule is arranged with its hydrophobic end directed inwards towards the opposite side of the film and its hydrophilic end directed outwards (doppio strato)
Bloodstream: the blood circulating through the body of a person or animal (circolo ematico)
Blueprint: a guide for making something (modello)
Blurred: unable to see or be seen clearly (sfocato)
Bone marrow: the soft blood-forming tissue that fills the cavities of bones and contains fat and immature and mature blood cells, including white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets (midollo osseo
C
Cascade: a process whereby something, typically information or knowledge, is successively passed on (cascata)
Casein: the main protein present in milk and (in coagulated form) in cheese. It is used in processed foods and in adhesives, paints, and other industrial products (caseina)
Catalyst: a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change (catalizzatore)
Chitin:a fibrous substance that is the major consistent in exoskeleton (chitina)
Cleavage:  the tendency of a mineral to break along flat planar surfaces as determined by the structure of its crystal lattice (sfaldatura)
Clot: an almost solid piece of something (di sangue, "coagulo")
Courgette:  a small variety of vegetable marrow, cooked and eaten as a vegetable (zucchina)
Crossbreed: produce (an animal or plant) by mating or hybridizing two different species, breeds, or varieties (incrocio)
Crude oil: unrefined petroleum (petrolio grezzo)
D
Decarboxylation is a chemical reaction that removes a carboxyl group and releases carbon dioxide (decarbossilazione)
Denaturated: destroy the characteristic properties of (a protein or other biological macromolecule) by heat, acidity, or other effect which disrupts its molecular conformation (denaturato)
D elta endotoxins: pore-forming toxins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis (delta-endotossine)
Dietary: relating to or provided by diet (dietetico)
E
Epitope: the part of an antigen molecule to which an antibody attaches itself (epitopo)
Exertion:  the use of a lot of mental or physical effort (sforzo)
F
Free radical: an uncharged molecule (typically highly reactive and short-lived) having an unpaired valency electron (radicale libero)
Frictional resistance: force acting opposite to the direction of relative motion (attrito)

G
Genome: the haploid set of chromosomes in a gamete or microorganism, or in each cell of a multicellular organism (genoma)
Grapefruit: a large round yellow citrus fruit with an acid juicy pulp (pompelmo)
Groundnut: another term for peanut (arachide)
H
Halite: a soft white or colorless mineral, sodium chloride (salgemma)
Haphazardly: in a way that does not have an obvious order or plan
(a caso)
Hydroxyurea: A drug that inhibits the synthesis of DNA and so is classified as an antimetabolite. It is used to treat a number of diseases, including chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), polycythemia vera, carcinoma of the head and neck, ovary, and cervix, melanoma, and sickle cell disease (idrossiurea)
I
J
Jaundice: yellowish pigmentation of the skin, tissues, and body fluids caused by the deposition of bile pigments (itterizie)
K
Ketoacidosis:  a serious complication of diabetes that occurs when your body produces high levels of blood acids called ketones
Kidney: each of a pair of organs in the abdominal cavity of mammals, birds, and reptiles, that excrete urine (rene)
Knock-out mouse: a genetically modified mouse in which researchers have inactivated an existing gene by replacing it or disrupting it with an artificial piece of DNA
L
Lactobacillus is a genus of Gram-positive, facultative anaerobic or microaerophilic, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacteria (lattobacillo)
Lanolin: a fatty substance found naturally on sheep's wool (lanolina)
Lattice: an arrangement in space of isolated points in a regular pattern, showing the positions of atoms, molecules, or ions in the structure of a crystal (reticolo cristallino)
Limb: a leg or arm of a human being
Liver: organ in the abdomen of vertebrates (fegato)
Lymph: a colourless fluid containing white blood cells, which bathes the tissues and drains through the lymphatic system into the bloodstream (linfa)
Lymphocyte: a form of small leucocyte (white blood cell) with a single round nucleus, occurring especially in the lymphatic system (linfocita)
M
Mackerel: a predatory marine fish with a greenish-blue back, important as a food fish (sgombro)
Macrophage: a large phagocytic cell found in stationary form in the tissues or as a mobile white blood cell, especially at sites of infection (macrofago)
Maize: a Central American cereal plant which yields large grains (corn or sweetcorn) set in rows on a cob (mais)
Mammal: a warm-blooded vertebrate animal of a class that is distinguished by the possession of hair or fur, females that secrete milk for the nourishment of the young, and (typically) the birth of live young (mammifero)
Metabolic pathway: a series of steps found in biochemical reactions that help convert molecules or substrates, such as sugar, into different, more readily usable materials (via metabolica)
Mincer: a machine which cuts meat into very small pieces by forcing it through very small holes (tritacarne)
Moist: humid (umido)
Mutagenesis: the production of genetic mutation (mutagenesi)
Myelin: a mixture of proteins and phospholipids forming a whitish insulating sheath around many nerve fibres, which increases the speed at which impulses are conducted (mielina)
Myosin: a fibrous protein which forms (together with actin) the contractile filaments of muscle cells and is also involved in motion in other types of cell (miosina)

N
O
Ovalbumin: albumin derived from the white of egg (ovalbumina)
P
Paleomagnetism: the study of the record of the Earth's magnetic field in rocks, sediment, or archeological materials
Palm kernel: edible seed of the oil palm fruit
Pathogen: a bacterium, virus, or other microorganism that can cause disease (patogeno)
Pepsin: an endopeptidase that breaks down proteins into smaller peptides (pepsina).
Plaque: a small, distinct, typically raised patch or region on or within the body resulting from local damage or deposition of material, such as a fatty deposit on an artery wall in atherosclerosis (placca)
Plasma: the colourless fluid part of blood, lymph, or milk, in which corpuscles or fat globules are suspended (plasma)
Plasmid: a genetic structure in a cell that can replicate independently of the chromosome (plasmide)
Preen gland: a gland at the base of a bird's tail, which produces the oil used in preening (ghiandole preistoriche)
Q
R
Rapeseed: seeds of the rape plant, used chiefly for oil (colza)
Room temperature: a comfortable ambient temperature, generally taken as about 20°C (temperatura ambiente)
S
Sebaceous gland: a small gland in the skin which secretes a lubricating oily matter (sebum) into the hair follicles to lubricate the skin and hair (ghiandole sebacee)
Sickle: a tool that is used for cutting grass and grain crops. It has a short handle and a long curved blade (falce)
Shandy is beer mixed with a clear carbonated lemon-lime drink or a clear lemon-flavoured beverage.

Sheath: a structure in living tissue which closely envelops another (guaina/fodero)
Sludge: thick, soft, wet mud or a similar viscous mixture of liquid and solid components, especially the product of an industrial or refining process (fango)
Sore muscle: a state of muscular pain and discomfort that begins several hours after a period of intenseexercise, particularly with eccentric muscle actions; state usually persists from 24 to 48 hours;thought to be due to microtrauma to muscle fibers.
Sphingolipid: any of a class of compounds which are fatty acid derivatives of sphingosine and occur chiefly in the cell membranes of the brain and nervous tissue (sfingolipidi)
Starch: substance occurring in plant tissue and obtained chiefly from cereals and potatoes (amido)
Stiff: difficult or impossible to bend or flex (rigido)
Streak: the color of the fine powder of a mineral obtained by scratching or rubbing against a hard white surface (striscio)
Strain: a particular breed, stock, or variety of an animal or plant (ceppo)
Swell: to expand (as in size, volume, or numbers) gradually beyond a normal or original limit (gonfiarsi)
T
Thereby: because of this (in tal modo)
Transgenic: relating to or denoting an organism that contains genetic material into which DNA from an unrelated organism has been artificially introduced (transgenico)
Trigger: cause (a device) to function  (innescare)
U
Undergo: experience or be subjected to (sottoporsi)
V
W
X
Y
Yeast: a kind of fungus which is used to make bread rise, and in making alcoholic drinks such as beer (lievito)
Z

# data[].attributes.headline
modern biotechnology: antithrombin secreted in goat milk

# data[].attributes.subject
modern biotechnology: antithrombin secreted in goat milk

# data[].attributes.body
The Massachusetts-based U.S. company rEVO Biologics synthesized a biological drug (a biological drug is one that is derived from a living organism or cell) that comes from goats whose DNA was altered to produce a drug needed by patients with

Antithrombin deficiency (a blood disorder characterized by the tendency to form clots in the veins).   This drug is called Atyn and the key of its production is the use of mammary glands: the mammary gland is designed by nature to produce a solution rich in proteins that we call milk.

The scientists combined human DNA for antithrombin with goat DNA in such a way that goat's milk glands would produce not only standard proteins but also human antithrombin.

The technique can be carried out without harm to the animals.