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https://www.backstoryradio.org/blog/the-billion-dollar-question-american-philanthropy-from-andrew-carnegie-to-jeff-bezos

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The "Homestead Strike" (which began as a lockout) left many dead and wounded, and set back the labor movement considerably.

The Homestead Strike arose following a downturn in steel price (from $35 to $22 per ton). Carnegie's Homestead plant manager Henry C. Frick, with Carnegie's blessing, locked out 1,100 steelworkers in an effort to cut wages and rid the plant of union labor. After implementing the lockout, Frick announced he would no longer negotiate with the workers' union, the Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers. In response, although only 750 of the 3,800 workers at Homestead belonged to the union, 3,000 of them met and voted overwhelmingly to strike.
Dynan, Linda. "Strikes." Dictionary of American History, edited by Stanley I. Kutler, 3rd ed., vol. 7, Charles Scribner's Sons, 2003, pp. 555-560. U.S. History in Context, http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CX3401804054/UHIC?u=mlin_s_brockhs&sid=UHIC&xid=5cc949ec. Accessed 10 Dec. 2018.

Carnegie Steel Corporation, which by 1892 produced approximately one-quarter of the world's steel
"Homestead Steel Strike." Gale Encyclopedia of U.S. Economic History, edited by Thomas Riggs, 2nd ed., vol. 2, Gale, 2015, p. 569. U.S. History in Context, http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CX3611000400/UHIC?u=mlin_s_brockhs&sid=UHIC&xid=8f8b9f30. Accessed 11 Dec. 2018.

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the unions 3-year contract was coming to an end in 1892, company demanded wage cuts for 325 employees, workers already taken large pay cuts 3 years before. the local newspaper pointed out that "it was not so much a question of disagreement as to wages, but a design upon labor organization." their company advertised widely for strikebreakers and built a 10 foot high fence around the plant that was topped by barbed wire. management was determined to provoke a strike.

Carnegie steel company plant at homestead, Pennsylvania, in 1892, was one of the most violent labor struggles in us history. the company, was determined to break the amalgamated association of iron, steel and tin workers union which represented 750 of homesteads 3800 laborers. frick closed the mill and locked the workers out on 1 July, after they rejected his proposed 22 percent wage cut. frick hired 3 hundred pinker ton detective agency guards to battle the workers. a gunfight erupted when the pinkertons attempted to land at the Monongahela river docks, and altogether at least 16 people were killed and more than 60 wounded. the battle ended on 12 July, when Pennsylvania national guard troops arrived. the lockout continued for almost 5 months, while steel production continued at carnegies other plants. the amalgamated association was ultimately driven from homestead, forcing the remaining desperate workers to return to their jobs. in the following decade, the average workday rose from 8 to 12 hours, and wages dropped an average of 25%. by 1903 all other steel plants in the country had defeated the union as well.

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"Homestead Strike." Civil Rights in America, Primary Source Media, 1999. American Journey. U.S. History in Context, http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/EJ2210017022/UHIC?u=mlin_s_brockhs&sid=UHIC&xid=a9664aba. Accessed 4 Dec. 2018.

Unknown. "Homestead Strike, July 6, 1892." World War I and the Jazz Age, Primary Source Media, 1999. American Journey. U.S. History in

Context, http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/EJ2164000040/UHIC?u=mlin_s_brockhs&sid=UHIC&xid=5eaefce2. Accessed 4 Dec. 2018.

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picture1

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjzp9fy44PfAhVNpIMKHZKuCR8QMwhDKAgwCA&url=https%3A%2F%2Ffineartamerica.com%2Fproducts%2Fhomestead-strike-1892-photo-researchers-fleece-blanket.html&psig=AOvVaw2Fd9kh6AG82w7m6ZQROAwk&ust=1543930620494715&ictx=3&uact=3

picture 2

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwiW1rqE7IPfAhUmneAKHY3AAq4QjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Frr%2Fnews%2Ftopics%2Fhomestead.html&psig=AOvVaw10gpMcqzBsw_bV4AQbp6Zv&ust=1543930620489949

picture 3
"Homestead Strike." Civil Rights in America, Primary Source Media, 1999. American Journey. U.S. History in Context, http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/EJ2210017022/UHIC?u=mlin_s_brockhs&sid=UHIC&xid=a9664aba. Accessed 6 Dec. 2018.

picture 4

Benson, Sonia, et al. "Steel workers storm the Carnegie Steel Company during the Homestead Strike in Pennsylvania in 1892." UXL Encyclopedia of U.S. History, vol. 5, UXL, 2009. U.S. History in Context, http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/PC3048987215/UHIC?u=mlin_s_brockhs&sid=UHIC&xid=60afa9fb. Accessed 6 Dec. 2018.

picture 5

"Scenes from the Homestead strike in 1892. Top illustration: A mob attacks Pinkerton agents who were..." American Social Reform Movements Reference Library, edited by Carol Brennan, et al., vol. 2: Almanac, UXL, 2007. U.S. History in Context, http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/PC2587187073/UHIC?u=mlin_s_brockhs&sid=UHIC&xid=55f8efec. Accessed 6 Dec. 2018.

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carnegie publicly implied that Frick was responsible for the tragic events stemming from the strike and asked him to resign as chairman. In spite of his departure from the steel firm, Frick was rewarded handsomely when Carnegie bought Frick's stocks in the company for $15 million

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Hundreds of pinkerton agents tried to land their barges at Carnegie steel company’s plant to break up a strike.
This agreement between management and labor was due to expire on June 30, 1892.
The tension between company and union worsened on July 23.

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Pinkerton agent- a private security guard and detective agency established in the United States by Scotsman Allan Pinkerton in 1850 and currently a subsidiary of Securitas AB