# data[].attributes.body
Males (age 10-13)

Calorie requirements (sedentary): 1600-2000 per day

Macronutrients:

Carbohydrates: 250g

Protein: 45-60g

Fat: 50g

Micronutrients

Calcium:

1,200mg

Iron:

12-15mg

Zinc:

8 mg

Females (age 10-13)

Calorie requirements (sedentary): 1400-1600 per day
Macronutrients:

Carbohydrates: 200g

Protein: 95g

Fat: 44g

Micronutrients

Calcium:

1,200mg

Iron:

12-15mg

Zinc:

8 mg

# data[].attributes.body
Image shows the Canadian Food Guide, and the nutritional requirements for this stage

# data[].attributes.body
The types of foods that would be problematic for this age demographic is junk food and processed foods commonly found in today’s modern world.
- Junk food is simply empty calories with excessive levels of sugar to appeal to young demographics such as pre-adolescents. Empty calories in junk foods is a problem to this age demographic as it leaves little to no energy for a vital time of growing for early teens, especially since they will not have enough energy to grow and process.

- Processed foods include excessive amounts of sodium levels and sugar levels. This is harmful to this age demographic as it could lead to common nutritional related problems such as diabetes or high-blood pressure. Also, processed foods are commonly advertised to this specific age demographic, and includes harmful trans-fats in their products, which leads to arteries being clogged up by LDL (harmful especially for growing years of puberty).

# data[].attributes.body
Image shows common factors that influence food choices in teens.

# data[].attributes.body
Eating healthy is an important part of a healthy lifestyle and is something that should be taught at a young age. The following are some general guidelines for helping your adolescent eat healthy. It is important to discuss your teen's diet with his or her healthcare provider before making any dietary changes or placing your teen on a diet. Discuss these healthy eating recommendations with your teen so he or she can follow a healthy eating plan.
this includes getting enough calcium. Rapid bone growth is a key feature of puberty in early adolescence, because 45% of the adult skeleton forms during the Adolescent period. However, recent studies in the U.S found that less than 15% of young teenage girls and 22% of young teenage boys met the calcium intake requirements. All calcium for growth of the skeleton comes from the diet (such as dairy and vegetables)
Iron
Anemia is one of the most common diet-related deficiency diseases among (early) adolescents. This age group is particularly susceptible to iron deficiency anaemia due to their increased blood volume and muscle mass during growth and development. Greater need for iron, for building up hemoglobin and for the related protein myoglobin in muscle. In pre-adolescent years, LBM is about the same for both sexes. Once adolescence starts males undergo a more rapid accumulation of LBM; for each additional kilogram of body weight gained during growth. Other factors contributing to elevated iron needs are increased body weight and the beginning of menstruation for girls.

Image shows nutritional sources to avoid deficiencies

# data[].attributes.body
Grain Products:

Females - 6

Males - 7

Milk and Alternatives:

Both - 3 to 4

Meat and Alternatives:

Females - 2

Males - 3

Fruits and Vegetables:

Females - 7

Males - 8

# data[].attributes.body
- Puberty: Change of appetite which is due to increase in hunger from growth development
- Media and social media: when children see models celebrities on social media they want to look the same and try to change the way they eat or the way they look. They do this through dieting and more than needed physical activity.
- Friendships/Peers: People may be inclined to change the way they look to please their friends, leading to instances such as skipping meals. Also, at this age; peers influence food choice by recommending unhealthy food diets (ex. trading lunches).
- Parents: Role models affect the decisions of what a pre-adolescent consumes, especially since many pre-teens eat in a manner that mirrors their families/parents, and are influenced by the example given by them. As a result, some parents may feel that their child isn’t getting as much nutrients and nutritious foods in their diet, so they try to place nutritious products into their meals and snacks for school.

# data[].attributes.body
Cardiovascular Disease:

Caused by increase in carbs, cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin or blood pressure

Increased amounts of sugars

Can be fixed through a better diet (reduced sugars) and more physical activity

Hypertension:

Caused by the distribution of blood pressure measurements in healthy children

Increase in obesity (not enough room for blood to reach organs)

Can cause CVD, premature death, and renal failure

Obesity:

Obesity is caused when there is an excess amount of calories than the body burns daily, but is mainly affected by factors that are genetic, biological, cultural, etc. An example of a genetic factor is the great chance of an offspring becoming obese if their parent is also significantly overweight.

40% of the ads seen on television are also shown across social media platforms and from those ads 19% of the products are often bought within the same day or week of the advertisement being aired (TIMES)

Depending on the preferences of family members or whatever a present may cook for dinner; fatty and fast foods may become a weekly alternative for on the go families

School snacks, lack of exercise, and increase in appetite due to puberty also increase the amount of fatty and sugary foods consumed

Image shows differences in heart states depending on nutritional choices.

# data[].attributes.body
Image describes the nutritional requirements for a pre-adolescent

# data[].attributes.body
1. Education: Early adolescents are affected by the education health determinant, as it is a critical component to acknowledge one’s diet through a sudden shift in lifecycle. Ex. a pre-teen should know about the required daily nutrition intake daily to remain healthy (such as calcium, in order to avoid conditions such as osteoporosis).
2. Health Care services: If preadolescent children are ill and in need of information (ex. osteoporosis), health care services (ex.doctors) would properly diagnose the pre-adolescent children and suggest a proper nutritional diet.
3. Family Income: What the child’s parents/guardians earn will affect what kind of food they buy, what kind of food they can/are able to prepare, and therefore their overall diet and health (since the parents are the main providers of food for children at this stage). Depending on the family's income, it will determine the quality of education (about nutrition) and the options of healthier foods available.

Image shows all the health determinants, including the ones affecting pre-adolescents.

# data[].attributes.body
Since early adolescence deals with the beginning of puberty in children, it increases their appetite and need for nutrition. The source most commonly used to acquire the influx of nutritional needs includes:
- Grains (such as cereals, oats, breads, rice, pasta), as it provides a feeling of fullness and stored energy; which in turn helps the body to grow and develop for the beginning of adolescence.
- Protein (ex. meat, fish, chicken, eggs)
- Fruits and vegetables (as it will reduce the likeliness of diseases found in early adolescence).