# data[].attributes.headline
Discussion and presentation of research articles

# data[].attributes.subject
Discussion and presentation of research articles

# data[].attributes.headline
Discussion on chosen articles

~ Problem statement could 
   be extracted from DATA 
   and LR. 
~ Good PS must provide 
   DATA, PILOT.
~ + and - LR could lead to 
   the underpinning of new 
   research. (contrary 
   opinions/ data). 
~ Limited study done in 
   particular settings. 
~ Chronology of discussion 
   (LR) - cite the original first 
   then the one who mentions 
   the original one. 
~ RQ must be
   : Focus
   : Doable and Manageable
   : Coherent - numbered 
     accordingly. 
   : Measurable
~ Significance of research 
   may contribute to
   : Knowledge/ Theory
   : Schools
   : Society
   : Policy Maker 
   : Curriculum Developer
   etc.

# data[].attributes.subject
Discussion on chosen articles

~ Problem statement could 
   be extracted from DATA 
   and LR. 
~ Good PS must provide 
   DATA, PILOT.
~ + and - LR could lead to 
   the underpinning of new 
   research. (contrary 
   opinions/ data). 
~ Limited study done in 
   particular settings. 
~ Chronology of discussion 
   (LR) - cite the original first 
   then the one who mentions 
   the original one. 
~ RQ must be
   : Focus
   : Doable and Manageable
   : Coherent - numbered 
     accordingly. 
   : Measurable
~ Significance of research 
   may contribute to
   : Knowledge/ Theory
   : Schools
   : Society
   : Policy Maker 
   : Curriculum Developer
   etc.

# data[].attributes.body
1. Language Choice and use of Malaysian Public University
- Problem Statement
> The language use in the university  (domain).
- RQ
1. What are the pattern used in the university?
2. Are there any significant differences between ethnicity and the field of study within the language choice?

2. Digital Learning in EFL Classroom
- Problem Statement
> Limited exposure to English speaking culture.
- RQ
1. What are the perceptions?
2. What type of facilities and   guidelines needed?

3. Anxiety and Speaking ESL.
- Problem Statement
> The anxiety presented by students when communicating English outside classroom i.e industry or corporate world.
- RQ
1. Is a dual conceptualization is supported?
2. Is the instrumentation to measure esl anxiety reliable and valid?
3. Relationship between speaking performance and esl anxiety?

4. Use of 21st Century T and L   Approaches - in Malaysian Schools
- Problem Statement
> The readiness of implementation of 21st Century T and L.
- R Q
1. What is the existing pattern of ICT integration in schools?
2. Is T and L changing as desired in school where ICT provided?

# data[].attributes.body
1. The definition of the elements used in own study.
2. Relate the defined term to variables in RQ or title.

# data[].attributes.body
- Tolerance of Ambiguity among ESL learners.

- A Case Study of A Visually Impaired Learner in learning ESL

# data[].attributes.body
Qualitative
- Qualitative research is empirical research where the data are not in the form of numbers (Punch, 1998, p. 4).

- To develop deep understandings of how people perceive their social realities and in consequence, how they act within the social world.

- Method e.g: diary accounts, open-ended questionnaires, documents, participant observation, and ethnography.

Quantitative
- Quantitative research gathers data in a numerical form which can be put into categories, or in rank order, or measured in units of measurement.  This type of data can be used to construct graphs and tables of raw data.

- Method e.g: Experiments, Closed Questions Questionnaires, Scales,   etc.

# data[].attributes.body
1. To support arguments by reviewing contradicts opinion.
2. To further / fill in research gap.
3. To support research desig/ framework.
4. Recommendation/ Suggestion.
5. Theories and Models.
6. How Quali/ Quanti datas are discussed?

# data[].attributes.body
2.0 Background

2.1 Ambiguity
2.1.1 Lexical Ambiguity
2.1.2 Structural Ambiguity

2.2 ESL
2.2.1 ESL Learners' Encounterment of Ambiguity in Language Learning
2.2.2 ESL Learners'Attitudes towards Ambiguity
2.2.3 Ambiguity Interpretation

2.3 Theoretical Framework
2.4 Conceptual Framework

# data[].attributes.headline
LANGUAGE LEARNING STRATEGIES & TOA ESL Learners

# data[].attributes.subject
LANGUAGE LEARNING STRATEGIES & TOA ESL Learners

# data[].attributes.body
Research Design
- Correlational Design

Research Method
Descriptive Quantitative
- Variable 1: ESL Learner's Language Learning Strategies
- Variable 2: TOA

Instrument
- Budner's Scale (SLTAS)
- SILL

Research Questions
1. How tolerant are the ESL learners in confronting ambiguity?

2. What is the level of language learning strategies among ESL Learners?

3. Is there any relationship between ESL learner's TOA and Language Learning Strategies?

# data[].attributes.body
Theories - Tolerance of Ambiguity and the Language Learning Strategies of ESL Learners