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Please post under here if you have  issues with genetics forms, such as queries with questions or answers or if you think these forms have errors on them.

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Please post under here if you have  issues with all the forms in general, accessing them, using them or anything like this.

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Please post under here if you have  issues with pharmacology forms, such as queries with questions or answers or if you think these forms have errors on them.

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Please post under here if you have  issues with cardiovascular and respiratory forms, such as queries with questions or answers or if you think these forms have errors on them.

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Please post under here if you have  issues with microbiome forms, such as queries with questions or answers or if you think these forms have errors on them.

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Please post under here if you have  issues with stem cell forms, such as queries with questions or answers or if you think these forms have errors on them.

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I have had an issue accessing the microsoft forms for the SBAs. I could access all the files just fine except the SBAs and it just keeps saying that Microsoft couldn't log me in for some reason.

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I thought chromosomes became visible during prophase?

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Ethanol doesn’t go through phase 2 metabolism. There are just 2 steps to it’s phase 1 metabolism which results in acetic acid

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Taken from the emodule: “the brain still has a high water content”

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Cyp2a6 activates codeine, not deactivates it and this does occur slowly

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I think group A should be written the other way round since the rank is highest lipid solubility to lowest

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I think this question should’ve specified that it was talking about bioavailability (crossing at least one lipid membrane to enter systemic circulation). The way it’s phrased here all answers are applicable since even via the intravenous route, drugs have to cross at least one lipid membrane to reach the target tissue

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This is contradictory, I think you mean to put the last option as true

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We went over this in the f2f session. In some conditions orlistat is reversible. The reaction we are interested in preventing by using orlistst is triglycerides to monoacylglycerols and free fatty acids, and not the conversion to glycerol. Glycerol is hydrophilic so can’t cross the lipid membrane.

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Can people just remember to clearly signal which emod it is so i can find it quickly, thanks 

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Can people just remember to clearly signal which emod it is so i can find it quickly, thanks 

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Can this be explained please?

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I believe this is not necessarily true, if a drug is extremely lipid soluble then a proportion of it can be absorbed in the stomach and not pass through hepatic circulation

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Can this be explained please?

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Do they not use H2 as an electron donor? So would the correct answer not be true?

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Although, metagenomics is the preferred way to characterise the virome, it's not the only way?

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Is this a mistake?

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Is urine not easy to collect?

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I believe there's a typo here. What do you mean to say?

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is this a mistake?

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Can you explain this please?

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Can you explain this please?

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why is it false?

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There is a steeper conc gradient between the blood and respiring tissues than between the blood and alveoli (oxygen dissociation curve shows this as well) so I don’t understand how this is wrong

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Hey sorry i was a bit confused not by my choice but by the correct answer, is it because there’s convergence of umbilical vein and another one before the heart?

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I thought hypokalemia is caused by blocking of AT1 receptors (so not activation)

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This question is about excitation-contraction coupling. Which statement is INCORRECT?

Required to answer. Single choice.

a) Phase 0 involves depolarisation via the opening of Na+ channels allowing Na+ influx

b) Phases 1-3 is about repolarization and is completed in phase 3

Initial depolarisation opens Ca2+ voltage gated channels

c) Ca2+ influx causes more Ca2+ to enter the cytosol from the Sarcoplasmic reticulum.

The correct answer is c, but aren't all 1-3 repolarisation and these vary in rates?
Also, I thought initial depolarisation (0) triggers L-type calcium channels to open, causing calcium influx and then the calcium-activated calcium release

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why?

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Why is this wrong?

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Is this not true?

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how does this work?

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I find this question to be a bit confusing?

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Where in the eModule is this stated?

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I think this one should be A since male germ cells  go under meitotic arrest and not meiotic

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In the emodule, there is a picture of several tubes. In that picture there are only microbes clustered at the oxic end for microaerophile or capnophile. However, in the description below, they mentioned that capnophile grow in elevated level of CO2 and microaerophile grow in low conc of O2. Do we still think these will grow in slightly anaerobic environment?

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I cannot find the environment which Streptococci live in. Could anyone tell me where the emodule mentioned it?

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I think gastrulation starts on day 16 in humans. if you check the picture where the human and mouse development are compared side to side, it says 16.

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For question 7, l think in the emodule they mentioned a decrease in Bacteroidetes abundance in asthma patients. And also question 13, the answer maybe wrong due to the same reason.

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Hi, do we need to know the whole process of coagulation, as it is not detailedly illustrating in the emodule?

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Don’t LTR retro transposons also code for a reverse transcriptase? Using the pol gene?

Apologies if I’m wrong or have misunderstood the question!

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The metabolism of THC is from delta9-THC -> 11OH-THC -> THC-COOH.

If it gets less lipid soluble/more water soluble at each stage, aren't both the first two options incorrect?

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If intravenous drugs have 100% bioavailability, and they also undergo metabolism, excretion and distribution, then shouldnt the only determining factor be absorption? Since thats the only factor that is improved/bypassed by intravenous, meaning the others don't affect it?

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What makes this second statement incorrect?

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Is the ddNTP as the same as the dNTP reversibly modified with 3'blocks mentioned in the emodule?

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Please post under here if you have  issues with immunology forms, such as queries with questions or answers or if you think these forms have errors on them.

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Please post under here if you have  issues with cancer biology forms, such as queries with questions or answers or if you think these forms have errors on them.

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Please post under here if you have  issues with neuroscience forms, such as queries with questions or answers or if you think these forms have errors on them.

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In the case of H.M, he had his hippocampus removed but was still able to access his long-term memory? Based on that, doesn’t that indicate that the hippocampus isn’t required?

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Does the link for this form work?

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p53 is....

A gatekeeper protein

A caretaker protein

An oncogene

The answer was that p53 is a caretaker protein however, p53 was found to be a double-agent as some mutations resemble those of oncogenes while its normal expression pattern does resemble that of a tumour suppressor gene. It would be more appropriate if the answer to this question was "double-agent".

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I think this Q should be true since other polyamoviruses have been associated with cancer, though only MCPyV has causal evidence.

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If restriction factors have a wide range of genes that can be used, wouldn’t that suggest that they can target a broad range of pathogens?

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Why is the first one incorrect?

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Why is the reason false?

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Isn't the CNS involved through the use of interneurons of the spinal cord? I thought reflexes just don't involve the brain specifically? Also, what exactly is a voluntary reflex?