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The photo below shows crops that were devastated after the eruption; the low visibility is present here as well.

Picture: Source 17

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Date: Before March 28th            Date: March 28th  Date: April 4th
Event: 1,700 earthquakes.           Event: First explosion Event: Second Explosion
(associated with the eruption)  Duration: 3 hours Duration: 1 week

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The photo below shows the layers and products of an active volcano, including ash clouds, magma, lava, volcanic bombs, the crater, the vent, cinder layers, the cone, and the magma chamber.

Picture: Source 15

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This image captures El Chichón after it's eruptions.

Picture: Source 5

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1.
https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70035886
2.
https://www.wired.com/2012/03/looking-back-at-the-1982-eruption-of-el-chichon-in-mexico/
3.
https://volcano.si.edu/showreport.cfm?doi=10.5479/si.GVP.SEAN198203-341120
4.
https://www.livescience.com/31299-el-chichon-eruption-anniversary.html
5.
https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-36086096
6.
Tony Burton, https://geo-mexico.com/?p=6256
7.
Wendell Duffield, https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/568/56813222002.pdf
8.
http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0016-71692009000100003#:~:text=El%20Chich%C3%B3n's%20most%20recent%20eruption,and%20surges%20and%20pyroclastic%20flows.

9.
https://www.wired.com/2012/03/looking-back-at-the-1982-eruption-of-el-chichon-in-mexico/

10.
http://volcano.oregonstate.edu/el-chichon
11.
https://volcano.si.edu/volcano.cfm?vn=341120
12.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Chich%C3%B3n
13.
https://www.google.com/maps/place/Chichonal/@17.7330318,-93.1666843,6.31z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x85ec50cd3fa298f3:0x8f62712b45863e85!8m2!3d17.3604112!4d-93.2294548?hl=en
14.
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Location-map-of-El-Chichon-Volcano-Chiapas-Mexico-and-its-relationship-to-the-North_fig1_31435279
15.
https://www.nps.gov/cavo/learn/nature/volcano-formation.htm
16.
http://volcano.oregonstate.edu/el-chichon
17.
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Damage-to-small-palm-trees-caused-by-the-ashfall-of-the-March-28-1982-eruption-photo-by_fig1_26588973

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The photo below depicts the aftermath of the El Chichón eruption.

Picture: Source 16

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The photo below shows a zoomed in image of The El Chichón Volcano.

Picture: Source 13

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El Chichón's most recent eruption began on March 28, 1982. The outburst lasted roughly a week. The eruption devastated an area of about 10 km around the volcano, covering southeastern Mexico with volcanic gas clouds, extensive ash fall, surges and pyroclastic flows. The first eruption, on March 28, only lasted roughly three hours. 0.3 cubic kilometers erupted at a rate four times the intensity of the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens. The ash and tephra that fell was 15 cm thick and traveled 20 km NE from El Chichón. Fires formed due to hot volcanic material falling on the flanks of the volcano. The volcano erupted again on April 4; the volcano was steam driven. The eruption began with a pyroclastic flow that eventually traveled over 8 km from the volcano. The deposits produced were 100 meters wide and 3 meters thick. The flow moved roughly at 100 m/s and destroyed nearly everything in it's path, including 9 villages. The pyroclastic flow was followed by two Plinian eruptions that produced plumes which reached at least 29 km. This event would inflict unimaginable damage onto the Mexican people. The 1982 eruption has been labeled the worst volcanic disaster in the recorded history of Mexico.

Content: Source 8, 9
Picture: Source 11

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The diagram below portrays the plates involved in the eruption of the volcano; the subduction of the Cocos plate under the North American plate in a complex tectonic setting due to the geometry of the plate boundary fault system.

Picture: Source 14

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El Chichón is possibly associated with the subduction of the Cocos plate under the North American plate in a complex tectonic setting due to the geometry of the plate boundary fault system. Prior to the explosion in 1982, there was no evidence of past activity. There was possibly one explosion roughly one hundred years prior but it would have been a small explosion because there were no related deposits. It was presumed the volcano was dormant. Minor earthquakes felt during 1980-1981 but only further examined by a few geologists. Little was done to increase monitoring despite geologists warning citizens of the volcano’s danger, making the effects on people and their land much more severe.

Content: Source 8, 9

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Ash from the eruption coated more than 24,000 square kilometers of the countryside. Due to this and the other hot volcanic material falling around the volcano, fires started nearby. The eruption created a crater that was 1 km wide by 300 m deep, and filled with an acidic lake. The explosion also caused a dam on the Rio Magdalena, a build up of volcanic debris, to collapse. It unleashed boiling hot water onto valleys, bridges and a hydroelectric station. The haze from the eruption reduced visibility yet produced vibrant sunsets.

Content: Source 2

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The photo below shows a village after the eruption.

Photo: Source 6, Tony Burton

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Current Status: Normal or dormant

Diameter: 10 km

Crater Width: 600 m

Lava Domes: 1,150 m or 3,773 feet

Typical Eruption Style: Explosion

Dates Of Explosions:

1982

1850 (Not Confirmed)

1360 ± 100

1190 ± 150

780 AD ± 100

590 AD ± 100

480 AD ± 200

190 AD ± 150

20 BC ± 50

700 BC ± 200

1340 BC ± 150

2030 BC ± 100

6510 BC ± 75 years

Content: Source 8, 9
Picture: Source 12

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El Chichón Eruption of 1982 was the most destructive volcanic disaster in Mexico's history. Because it had been over 600 years since El Chichón erupted last, people didn't realize the danger at first and didn't know what it was capable of. Citizens were caught off guard by the eruption and immediate chaos ensued. The evacuations were hastily done and left citizens confused and distraught. The eruption devastated 9 villages and killed around 2,000 people. At least 200 people were injured and tens of thousands of people were displaced after leaving their homes to evacuate.

Content: Source 1, 2, 3

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The photo below captures parts of the evacuation process.

Content: Source 7, Wendell Duffield

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The El Chichón Volcano is located in the State of Chiapas (17.36° N, 93.23° W) of southeastern Mexico. Indigenous Zoque Maya–related ethnic groups make up a majority of the population. El Chichón Volcano is the youngest of the Quaternary volcanoes forming within the Chiapanecan Volcanic Arc.

The photo below shows a zoomed in map of southeastern Mexico, the location of the El Chichón Volcano.

Content: Source 8
Picture: Source 13

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Long Term Impacts on Humanity and the Economy

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Long Term Impacts on Humanity and the Economy

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The eruption caused socio-economic hardships for thousands of citizens. It was estimated that around $55 million (~$132 million today) of damage was done to crops. Coffee, cocoa and banana crops were all destroyed. Farmers were forced to move their cattle to arable land far away from the volcano.

Content: Source 1, 2

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The photo below shows the permanent damage on the landscape in southern Mexico from the eruption.

Picture: Source 4

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The biggest long term impact from the eruption was the impact on global climate. El Chichón released a high amount of sulfur dioxide aerosols into the atmosphere from ash plumes ~7 to 10 million tons. This warmed the stratosphere by 4 degrees C and cooled the Northern Hemisphere by 0.4 degrees C. This also dramatically lowered atmospheric transmission of sunlight to the surface, causing low visibility. Today, around 40 years after the volcanic eruption, vegetation has grown back but gray ash and debris still coat several areas around the volcano.

Content: Source 2, 4