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Birthday: Sep 09, 1585

Date of Death: Dec 04, 1642

Occupation: French clergyman, noble and statesman

Nationality: French

Creation: Académie française · Company of One Hundred Associates

Contribution: In 1606 King Henry IV nominated Richelieu to become Bishop of Luçon. After the death of the King's favorite, the duc de Luynes, in 1621, Richelieu began to rise to power quickly. After he was appointed to the royal council of ministers on 29 April 1624, he intrigued against the chief minister, Charles, duc de La Vieuville. Cinq-Mars had become the royal favorite by 1639, but, contrary to Cardinal Richelieu's belief, he was not easy to control.

Fun Fact: He remained in office until his death in 1642; he was succeeded by Cardinal Mazarin, whose career he had fostered.

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Birthday: May 21, 1527

Date of Death: Sep 13, 1598 (age 71)

Occupation: Christ Church, Oxford

Nationality: Spanish

Creation: Ottoman fleet

Contribution: Philip II of Spain married Elisabeth of Valois in 1559; their marriage lasted 9 years till October 03, 1568. As a response, Suleiman the Magnificent sent an Ottoman fleet of 120 ships under the command of Piyale Pasha, which arrived at Djerba on 9 May 1560.

Fun Fact:  Philip II of Spain was crowned Philip I of Portugal in 1581 (recognised as king by the Portuguese Cortes of Tomar) and a sixty-year personal union under the rule of the Philippine Dynasty began.

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Birthday: 1480

Date of Death: Apr 27, 1521

Occupation: Portuguese explorer

Nationality: Portuguese

Creation: Organised the Spanish expedition to the East Indies

Contribution: the first circumnavigation of the Earth, completed by Juan Sebastián Elcano.

Fun Fact: : After the conquest their ways parted: Magellan was promoted, with a rich plunder and, in the company of a Malay he had indentured and baptized Enrique of Malacca, he returned to Portugal in 1512.

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Birthday: Oct 1451

Date of Death: May 20, 1506

Occupation: Italian explorer, navigator, and colonizer, citizen of the Republic of Genoa.

Nationality: Italian

Creation: Under the auspices of the Catholic Monarchs of Spain, he completed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean.

Contribution: His major contribution to geography is that he was the first to visit, settle, and stay in these new lands, effectively bringing a new area or the world into the forefront of the geographic thought of the time.

Fun Fact: Christopher Columbus is an Anglicization of his real name, given to him in Genoa where he was born.

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Birthday: Feb 29, 1468

Date of Death: Nov 10, 1549 (age 81)

Occupation: University of Pisa

Nationality: Italian

Creation: Council of Trent

Contribution: He came to the papal throne in an era following the sack of Rome in 1527 and rife with uncertainties in the Catholic Church following the Reformation.  Under Pope Clement VII (1523–34) he became Cardinal Bishop of Ostia and dean of the College of Cardinals, and on the death of Clement VII in 1534, was elected as Pope Paul III.

Fun Fact:  He decreed the second and final excommunication of King Henry VIII of England in December 1538.

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Birthday: 28 June 1491

Date of Death: 28 January 1547 (aged 55)

Occupation: King of England

Nationality: England

Creation: Elizabeth I of England · Mary I of England · Edward VI of England · Henry Fitzroy, 1st Duke of Richmond and Somerset +

Contribution: Helped the reformation of the England church.

Fun Fact: In 1540 Henry married Anne of Cleves because he wanted to ally himself with the German Protestant princes.

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Birthday: 10 November 1483

Date of Death: 18 February 1546 (aged 62)

Occupation: Friar, Priest, Theologian, Professor

Nationality: German

Creation:

The Ninety-Five Theses

Luther's Large Catechism

Luther's Small Catechism

On the Freedom of a Christian

Contribution: without him the indulgences would have
kept going and the RCC would never have been reformed
Fun Fact: Luther made his vows in 1506 and was ordained

a priest in 1507.

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Birthday: April 15, 1452

Date of Death: May 2, 1519 (aged 67)

Occupation: Diverse fields of the arts and sciences

Nationality: Italian

Creation:

Mona Lisa

The Last Supper

The Vitruvian Man

Lady with an Ermine

Contribution: Leonardo changed all of this with his new and revolutionary methods.
Fun fact: was a famous inventor ------vvv

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Birthday: Mar 28, 1483

Date of Death: Apr 06, 1520

Occupation: Painting and architecture

Nationality: Italian

Creation:

Mond Crucifixion

Coronation of the Virgin

Wedding of the Virgin

Saint George and the Dragon

Contribution: Raphael's art contributed to a more detailed, realistic and glorified depiction of the human form. He captured the grandeur and dignity of the human spirit in a way that embodied the spirit of the Renaissance. Raphael's work remained a major source of influence upon his successors until the 20th Century.

Fun Fact: Raphael Sanzio showed an early talent as a painter and architect, and at age 11, he was taken to Perugia, in Umbria, to be an apprentice under the painter Pietro Perugino. ---------vvv

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Birthday:  1386

Date of Death: 13 December 1466

Occupation:

Lorenzo Ghiberti

Nationality: Italian

Creation:

St. George

David

Equestrian Monument of Gattamel ata

Contribution:  Donatello had a huge impact on the art and artists of the Renaissance. Overall, Donatello is one of the greatest sculptors of all time. His techniques are still used by sculptors today.

Fun Fact: Donatello brought a new flexibility and humanity to his statues. Also, Is ------vvv

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Birthday: 6 March 1475

Date of Death: 18 February 1564 (aged 88)

Occupation: Sculpture, painting, architecture, and poetry

Nationality: Italian

Creation:

David

Pietà

The Last Judgment

Sistine Chapel Ceiling

Contribution: he has painted arguably one the most recognized painting in the world on the Sistine chapel - a painting of the history of western art and a scene from Genesis. He also carved out the famous statue of David. Also he pushed the limits of architecture as he design one of the most amazing domes of the world - the dome of Saint Peter's church.

Fun Fact: He hated bathing and appeared on his deathbed. Also, he is ------------vvv