# data[].attributes.body
In this reaction, the reactants are potassium iodide and lead nitrate and the product is
PbI2 + 2KNO3. When the reaction occurs, in warm water, it creates a yellow precipitate that eventually turns clear. Then when it cools, golden flakes appear in the solution.

# data[].attributes.headline
The heating of copper sulfate experiment

# data[].attributes.subject
The heating of copper sulfate experiment

# data[].attributes.body
When copper sulfate is heated to 63° Celsius, it looses two water molecules, and it looses two more at 109° celsius. It looses the final water molecule at 200° celsius, and because it no longer has water molecules, it becomes a new substance of anhydrous copper sulfate, or copper sulfate without water. The lack of water in copper sulfate results in the blue color becoming white. (Lindsey C)

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Heating of Copper Sulphate - MeitY OLabs

# data[].attributes.headline
This is an example of how a new substance is produced. In this diagram it shows how Na + Cl produces a new substance which is salt. 

# data[].attributes.subject
This is an example of how a new substance is produced. In this diagram it shows how Na + Cl produces a new substance which is salt. 

# data[].attributes.body
the milk changes color when you execute the lab.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Color Changing Milk Experiment - Magic Milk Experiment

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Find unforgettable science experiments for kids at Steve Spangler Science, including our Color-Changing Milk Experiment. Get the magic milk experiment here.

# data[].attributes.body
It turns two substances into ooblick. Ooblick is a solid when it's on a flat surface, but as soon as you pick it up, it becomes a liquid.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Advertisement

Key concepts
Liquids and solids
Viscosity
Pressure

FromNational Science Education Standards: Properties of objects and materials

Introduction
Why is it so hard to get out of quicksand? Is it a solid? Is it a liquid? Can it be both? In this activity, you will make a substance that is similar to quicksand-but much more fun. Play around with it and find out how it acts differently from a normal liquid and a normal solid.

Other, more familiar substances change states (from solids to liquids to gases) when we change the temperature, such as freezing water into ice or boiling it away into steam. But this simple mixture shows how changes in pressure, instead of temperature, can change the properties of some materials.

Background
Applying pressure to the mixture increases its viscosity (thickness). A quick tap on the surface of Oobleck will make it feel hard, because it forces the cornstarch particles together. But dip your hand slowly into the mix, and see what happens-your fingers slide in as easily as through water. Moving slowly gives the cornstarch particles time to move out of the way.

Oobleck and other pressure-dependent substances (such as Silly Putty and quicksand) are not liquids such as water or oil. They are known as non-Newtonian fluids. This substance's funny name comes from a Dr. Seuss book calledBartholomew and the Oobleck.

Materials
* 1 cup of water
* 1 to 2 cups of cornstarch
* Mixing bowl
* Food coloring (optional)

Preparation
* Pour one cup of cornstarch into the mixing bowl, and dip your hands into it. Can you feel how smooth the powder is? It's made up of super-fine particles.
* Now pour the water in, mixing slowly as you go. Keep adding more water until the mixture becomes thick (and hardens when you tap on it). Add more cornstarch if it gets too runny, and more water if it becomes too thick.
* Add a few drops of food coloring if desired. (If you want to turn your Oobleck another hue, it's easier to add the coloring to the water before you mix it with the cornstarch.)
* Oobleck is non-toxic, but please use caution when doing any science activity. Be careful not to get it in your eyes, and wash your hands after handling the Oobleck.

Procedure
* Roll up your sleeves and prepare to get messy! Drop your hands quickly into the Oobleck, then slowly lower your hands into it. Notice the difference!
* Hold a handful in your open palm- what happens?
* Try squeezing it in your fist or rolling it between your hands- how does it behave differently?
* Move your fingers through the mixture slowly, then try moving them faster.
* What else can you do to test the mixture's properties?
* Extra: If you have a large plastic bin or tub, you can make a big batch of Oobleck. Multiply the quantity of each ingredient by 10 or more and mix it up. Take off your shoes and socks and try standing in the Oobleck! Can you walk across it without sinking in? Let you feet sink down and then try wiggling your toes. What happens?
Read on for observations, results and more resources.

Observations and results
What is happening when you squeeze the Oobleck? What is happening when you release the pressure? Does the Oobleck remind you of anything else?

The Oobleck mixture isn't your typical liquid-or solid. The cornstarch-and-water mixture creates a fluid that acts more like quicksand than water: applying force (squeezing or tapping it) causes it to become thicker. If you were trapped in a tub of Oobleck, what would be the best way to escape?

Share your Oobleck observations and results! Leave a comment below or share your photos and feedback on Scientific American's Facebook page.

Cleanup
Wash hands with water. Add plenty of extra water to the mixture before pouring it down the drain. Wipe up any dried cornstarch with a dry cloth before cleaning up any remaining residue with a damp sponge.

More to explore
" What is Jell-O?" from Scientific American
" Ask the Experts: What Is Quicksand?" from Scientific American
" States of Matter" overview from Idaho Public Television's Dialogue for Kids
Slime and Goo activities from the American Chemical Society's Science for Kids
Oobleck, Slime & Dancing Spaghetti: Twenty terrific at-home science experiments inspired by favorite children's books by Jennifer Williams, ages 4-8
The Everything Kids' Easy Science Experiments Book: Explore the world of science through quick and easy experiments! By J. Elizabeth Mills, ages 9-12

Up next...
The Magic of Gravity

What you'll need
* Coin
* Bottle, jar or canister with a small top opening (larger-but not too much bigger-than the coin)
* 3- by-5-inch note card or other sturdy piece of paper
* Scissors
* Tape
* Pen or pencil
* Water (optional)

ABOUT THE AUTHOR(S)

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
It's a Solid... It's a Liquid... It's Oobleck!

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Key concepts Liquids and solids Viscosity Pressure FromNational Science Education Standards : Properties of objects and materials Introduction Why is it so hard to get out of quicksand? Is it a solid? Is it a liquid? Can it be both? In this activity, you will make a substance that is similar to quicksand-but much more fun.

# data[].attributes.body
In this chemical reaction, calcium oxide (quicklime), a white solid, and water are the reactants and calcium hydroxide (slaked lime) is the product. It releases heat, making it an exothermic reaction. This means that the temperature rises.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
We will measure the heat produced when quicklime (calcium oxide) reacts with water. The reaction is exothermic, because it releases heat.

# data[].attributes.body
In this experiment, the lady puts oil and water in a bottle. She waits until they have formed the two layers, then puts an alka seltzer tablet in the bottle. Bubbles form and the water begins to fizz. This is because the baking soda and acid that make up the tablet react when the hit the water, which causes the effervescence. The bubbles that form slowly float up through the oil, making the lava lamp effect.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
How to Make Lava Lamp Easy Step By Step DIY Tutorial (Science Experiments)

# data[].attributes.body
This video explains the aroma of chemicals and how humans smell

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Chemistry Now: Chemistry of Smell (Episode 31) | NSF - National Science Foundation

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Smell that? Our sense of smell is a complex set of chemical reactions. In this 21st Century Chemist profile, California Institute of Technology chemist Nate Lewis explains his work developing an artificial, electronic "nose" that can read odor patterns to detect and distinguish odors.

# data[].attributes.body
In this chemical reaction, baking soda, a powdery solid, and citric acid, a clear liquid, are the reactants. The reaction's product is sodium carbonate which is a liquidy substance. When the reaction occurs, it absorbs heat, which is an endothermic reaction. This means that the temperature drops.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Signs of Chemical Reactions Lab Citric Acid and Baking Soda Temp Change Pt2

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Uploaded by teacherhoyles on 2014-09-17.

# data[].attributes.body
combining two clear colorless solutions that produce a white solid and introduce the term precipitate.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Watch an overview of Lesson 6.3 featuring an experiment in which a calcium chloride solution and a baking soda solution are combined to form a precipitate. After filtering the precipitate students try to dissolve it and see that it does not dissolve and therefore must be different from the reactants.

# data[].attributes.body
This is a video of what an aromatic compound is. The aroma is found in many different chemicals and mixtures of substances.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
What Are Aromatic Compounds

Take a moment and think of substances that have a strong fragrance. What kind of things come to your mind? Perfume, vanilla or, perhaps, even cinnamon? All of these are fragrant or aromatic. While they certainly smell differently, they do have something in common: these substances are made of aromatic compounds.

So, what are aromatic compounds? Aromatic compounds are substances that consist of one or more rings that contain alternating single and double bonds in its chemical structure. In real life, many aromatic compounds have an odor, however, there are some compounds that are chemically aromatic, but do not have a distinct smell.

For example, benzene is an aromatic compound. The chemical structure of benzene, as illustrated here, contains a hexagon ring with alternating double bonds. Here, you'll see there are two ways to draw benzene. Structure 1 shows all the carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) atoms bonded together, and structure 2 shows a hexagon with alternating double bonds. In structure 2, the edges of the hexagon are the carbon atoms, and the hydrogen atoms are not shown.

Have you ever smelled paint or paint thinners? The strong smell of these products is due to the presence of an aromatic compound called toluene. Similarly, moth balls are very strong smelling because they contain an aromatic compound called naphthalene. Looking at this diagram, you'll notice the chemical structures of the compounds toluene and naphthalene. You'll note that they both contain rings with alternating single and double bonds in their chemical structure.

Delocalized electrons are electrons that are not attached on a fixed atom. In the ring of an aromatic compound, electrons are delocalized, so they are spread out over the ring. Such electrons can also be described as 'floating' around the ring. In benzene, for instance, the two structures show that the double bonds can be moved about the ring because the electrons are delocalized within the ring. This is why alternating double bonds in the ring can also be illustrated as a circle, as in this image.

The ring structure of an aromatic compound must be coplanar, so this means that the atoms involved in the ring are on the same plane. Here, we can see that the carbon (gray) and hydrogen (white) atoms are all on the same plane.

A compound can be classified as an aromatic compound if it has all of these properties and it follows Huckel's Rule.

Huckel's Rule

Earlier, we saw that there are double bonds in the ring that is present in the chemical structure of aromatic compounds. These double bonds contain electrons called 'pi electrons.' The number of pi electrons is very important in determining if the compound follows Huckel's Rule.

In order for a compound to be aromatic, it must satisfy Huckel's Rule. Huckel's Rule states that an aromatic compound must have a certain number of pi electrons. The number of pi electrons must be equal to 4 n+2, where n is equal to zero or any positive integer ( n = 0, 1, 2...).

To check if a compound follows Huckel's rule, we must first count the number of pi electrons. In our example below, benzene, there are six pi electrons.

Now, we can check if it follows Huckel's Rule:

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.keywords[]
what is an aromatic compound? - definition & example - video & lesson transcript | study.com

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
What is an Aromatic Compound? - Definition & Example - Video & Lesson Transcript | Study.com

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Take a moment and think of substances that have a strong fragrance. What kind of things come to your mind? Perfume, vanilla or, perhaps, even cinnamon? All of these are fragrant or aromatic. While they certainly smell differently, they do have something in common: these substances are made of aromatic compounds.

# data[].attributes.body
In this example, a teacher adds acetic acid into a base of baking soda, which leads to the rapid production of Carbon dioxide or CO₂ which leads to effervescence/fizzing.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Effervescence Test : Monthly Science Box Experiments for Kids

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
SUSCRIBE to Channel by CLICKING here : http://goo.gl/llRTJR Make your own mini vinegar volcano color reaction experiment - with materials from the ubscription Science box - Chemistry and Colors This cool home science experiment for kids is a part of Monthly Science Box by Zlife Education.

# data[].attributes.body
(Rachael)

# data[].attributes.body
(Lindsay F and Lindsey C.)

# data[].attributes.body
(Sam)

# data[].attributes.body
(first by Sam, second by Rachael)

# data[].attributes.body
(Lindsay F.)

# data[].attributes.body
(Lindsey C.)