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17 signs of radicalisation!

http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2015/07/22/17-signs-youre-a-young-person-ripe-for-radicalisation_n_7848088.html

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Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, born Ahmad Fadeel al-Nazal al-Khalayleh, was a militant Islamist from Jordan who ran a paramilitary training camp in Afghanistan

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Spot the signs

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Prevent Poster

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Those who are most vulnerable are (but not limited to):

Younger people from age 13 upwards;

Those experiencing an identity or personal crisis;

Individuals with feelings of unmet aspirations or a sense of injustice;

People with a need for adventure or excitement;

Pre-existing conviction that their religion or culture is under threat;

Individuals who feel socially isolated, and possibly, suffering from depression;

Those who have a history of criminal behaviour.

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The possible results of radicalisation

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Three British schoolgirls who left their homes in London to join Isis in war-ravaged Syria are feared to have been killed after their families lost all contact with them.

Shamima Begum, 16, Kadiza Sultana, 17, and Amira Abase, 16, all of whom attended Bethnal Green Academy in East London, ran away from home in February last year, purportedly after being radicalised by Isis propaganda distributed online.

They travelled to Isis' "hellishly dangerous" Syrian stronghold of Raqqa and are understood to have maintained contact with their family while living under the terror group's control.

But a lawyer who represents the families of Shamima and Kadiza has revealed that all contact with the girls was lost in mid-December - around the time British, American and Russian warplanes stepped up their bombardment of Raqqa.

"They are in Raqqa, or were there certainly up until a few weeks ago,' Tasnime Akunjee told BBC Radio 4's Today programme. He added that as the city is "hellishly dangerous".

"Contact has been lost with them for some weeks now, so to be honest we have no idea what their status is at the moment," he added.

Speaking of the girls' families Mr Akunjee said he could not find the language to describe what they are going through, adding: "Bombs are being dropped in the close proximity of their children."

"When you have that warzone strategy in front of you, what can parents halfway across the world do to communicate with their children?" he went on to say.

Warplanes have laid siege to Raqqa since the families last heard from the girls shortly before Christmas. The air raids have taken out numerous buildings operated by jihadis and their supporters.

Last July the Guardian reported that at least two of the girls had married Isis fighters, although at the request of their families the newspaper refused to disclose which of the girls had wed.

The article also claimed that the girls had been split up shortly after arriving in Raqqa.

Mr Akunjee spoke to the BBC after the announcement of a new Government anti-terror programme.

Education Secretary Nicky Morgan visited Bethnal Green Academy on Tuesday to reveal details of the plans. A new website called Educate Against Hate will advise parents on how to tell if their children are at risk of being radicalised and flag up any potentially extremist leanings.

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Schoolgirls who fled UK to join Isis may have died in airstrikes

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Three British schoolgirls who left their homes in London to join Isis in war-ravaged Syria are feared to have been killed after their families lost all contact with them.

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Mustafa Kamel Mustafa, also known as Abu Hamza al-Masri, or simply Abu Hamza, is an Egyptian cleric who was the imam of Finsbury Park Mosque in London, England, where he preached Islamic fundamentalism and militant Islamism.

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Amar
there personality changes

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Someone that might be radicalised could be really quite and wouldn't talk to much

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Change of behaviour

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Change in personality

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one way to identify that someone is being radicalised is if they go ghost.

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Signs of radicalisation:

Things such as erratic and irritated behaviour. Also the secrecy of their browsing whilst on the internet and many others listed below in this article.

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Posted on Aug 13, 2015
in: e-learning content
Comments

Radicalisation is the process of causing someone to become a supporter of terrorism, or forms of extremism that lead to terrorism

The concept of radicalisation is typically closely associated with ISIS (also known as IS or ISIL) but it does have much older origins

ISIS is said to have up to 20,000 "fighters" across Iraq and Syria with an estimated 2,000 Britons becoming radicalised and leaving the UK in the past couple of years. This includes at least 50 girls leaving to become Jihadi brides.

As yet, there has been no clear link or exact cause identified for someone becoming radicalised. This creates the sense that 'it could happen to anyone' which, in turn, increases the fear of radicalisation. The lack of an exact cause doesn't mean we know nothing and it's important to focus on what we do know and staying informed of current guidance. Radicalisation is, after all, constantly shifting and changing.

What we know as of now is that the main risk factor identified in victims is vulnerability.

Those who are most vulnerable are (but not limited to):

Younger people from age 13 upwards;

Those experiencing an identity or personal crisis;

Individuals with feelings of unmet aspirations or a sense of injustice;

People with a need for adventure or excitement;

Pre-existing conviction that their religion or culture is under threat;

Individuals who feel socially isolated, and possibly, suffering from depression;

Those who have a history of criminal behaviour.

It is thought that, for some, ISIS satisfy that need for identity and/or the sense of belonging. For others, they are taken in by the 'glory and honour' of the battle or thrill of the victory.

The radicalisation process

This vulnerability is exploited, in a similar fashion to the way sexual predators groom young people online, with promises of excitement, empowerment, glory and freedom along with more material rewards, such as cash, pets and housing. A personal connection is formed: you can be sat at home in the UK talking directly to an individual fighter in Syria who is bragging about his military accomplishments and offering you help and encouragement to travel to join him. To someone so disaffected, this attention is understandably compelling.

The process of radicalisation is rarely the same for two people and can be anything from slow and gradual, to fast and effective, but underpinning the process is the strong brand ISIS have created via social media. It's a brand that paints a seductive picture and acts as a compelling recruitment drive that inspires thousands of people to embark on a one-way journey to join their cause. In fact, it has been argued that ISIS' social media strategy could rival the biggest brands in the world with ISIS holding, at any one time, over 45,000 Twitter accounts.

Religion and radicalisation

Of course, one topic that we haven't discussed here is religion and, quite simply, it's because radicalisation isn't a religious issue: it's about a state of mind, perception or feeling. In fact, some argue that radicalisation is a consequence of social inequality and it is this that needs challenging, which is what a number of key community groups are attempting to do. These include:

1. Being overly secretive about their online viewing - this being one of the core ways in which ISIS is known to communicate.

2. Displaying feelings of isolation or expressions of an 'us and them' mentality - a sign of the sense of social isolation.

3. Becoming more argumentative or domineering in their viewpoints, being quick to condemn those who disagree and ignoring views that contradict their own.

4. Questioning their faith or identity.

5. Downloading or promotion extremist content.

6. Social isolation - losing interest in activities they used to enjoy, distancing themselves from friends and social groups.

7. Altered appearance - change in style of dress and/or personal appearance.

8. Abnormal routines, travel patterns or aspirations.

Talking to someone you believe is at risk of radicalisation

If someone is exhibiting one, or more, of these signs, it still doesn't necessarily mean that they are definitely being subjected to radicalisation. The first step would be to talk to the individual; be calm, open, and non-confrontational so that you encourage them to share their ideas and opinions with you. Remember that you're likely dealing with a vulnerable person who is being groomed or manipulated so show acceptance for their views even if you don't perhaps feel that way.

Ultimately though, radicalisation is a safeguarding issue and, as such, should be dealt with in accordance with any safeguarding policies and procedures within your organisation. In addition, further information on how to act will be available on your local authority's website.

Why not train your staff today by clicking here?

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What causes radicalisation and how to spot the signs?

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Posted on Aug 13, 2015 in: e-learning content Comments Radicalisation is the process of causing someone to become a supporter of terrorism, or forms of extremism that lead to terrorism The concept of radicalisation is typically closely associated with ISIS (also known as IS or ISIL) but it does have much older origins ISIS is said to have up to 20,000 "fighters" across Iraq and Syria with an estimated 2,000 Britons becoming radicalised and leaving the UK in the past couple of years.

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White Widow is an evil person but also a mastermind.
http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/world-news/white-widow-samantha-lewthwaite-has-5714810

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In prisons people go in and get forced to join gangs on the inside. Doing this means the gang on the outside also gets bigger.

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Prison Gangs -- Gangs and Security Threat Group Awareness

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Information and over 100 images compiled by Florida Department of Corrections, Security Threat Intelligence Unit (STIU). The STIU mission is to maintain safe and secure operations for staff, visitors, and inmates/offenders by identifying, certifying and monitoring security threat group activity, coordinating all intelligence with fellow criminal justice agencies, and community awareness & education.

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Sally Jones
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3611048/ISIS-recruiter-Sally-Jones-tweets-pathetic-England-day-warning-Londoners-avoid-using-Underground-summer.html

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Lee Rigby - Story of his attack

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OZuZSMcKjiQ

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White Widow, Samantha Lewthwaite

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White Widow Samantha Lewthwaite has murdered 400 people after becoming a key figure in jihadist terror group al Shabaab.

The 32-year-old mother of four's atrocities include last month's slaughter of 148 by gunmen at a university in Kenya, say security chiefs.

One told the Mirror in the Somalian capital, frequently bombed by al Shabaab: "This lady sits at the right hand of the leader directing attacks."

She has been rapidly promoted through the ranks of al Shabaab after many of its leaders died in drone attacks.

The London University graduate was quickly recognised as intelligent and evil-minded enough by jihadi terror bosses to be trusted with the most horrific atrocities.

A senior Somali anti-terror officer says Lewthwaite is now at the right hand of al Shabaab leader Ahmad Umar and is suspected of ordering the deaths of more than 400 innocent people.

He said: "She is an evil person but a very clever operator."

Lewthwaite, of Aylesbury, Bucks, is believed to have directed terror raids, suicide attacks and car bombings in Somalia and Kenya, as well as masterminding last month's slaughter of 148 people, by gunmen at a university in Garissa, northern Kenya.

She has also launched a recruitment drive of teenagers and women as suicide bombers after bribing their desperate families with as little as £300.

One London resident blew herself up at a hotel in the Somali capital Mogadishu in February killing 25.

And Lewthwaite is believed to have sent brain-washed boys as young as 15 to their deaths as suicide bombers - after they were pumped full of heroin.

The top officer at Somalia's National Intelligence and Security Agency - who we are not naming to protect his identity - added: "The lady has moved up the ranks. She is one of the most important figures in the terror group.

"We think this lady is sitting at the right hand of the leader directing attacks.

"She does not carry out attacks herself as she is too important but is responsible for many, many deaths - hundreds.

"She uses children to kill for her after giving money to their families."

But he says the world's most wanted woman is now facing the same fate as her dead former jihadist leaders. NISA operatives are working with MI6 to capture her, dead or alive.

The Somali spy chief added: "We share all our information with British agents here in Mogadishu. They are here to keep an eye on the lady and other Britons in Somalia.

"The SAS are ready to get her or we are ready to call in a drone strike against her. We will get her eventually.

"We know she has surrounded herself with other Britons, her own people as her Somali language is not so good. They are her lieutenants and bodyguards."

Lewthwaite, whose dad is a former soldier who served in Northern Ireland, is the widow of Germaine Lindsay - one of the London 7/7 suicide bombers.

She fled Britain in the wake of the 2005 attacks that killed 52 and has been on the run for nearly four years after she and British terror suspect Jermaine Grant, 30, plotted to blow up tourists in Mombasa.

The fanatic has been accused of being one of the masterminds behind the Westgate mall attack in Nairobi where 67 people, including five Brits, were murdered by al-Shabaab in 2013.

Interpol issued a Red Notice warrant for Lewthwaite and security services in 200 countries are hunting for her.

It is thought she has changed her appearance through plastic surgery, dying her hair and loing two stone.

She narrowly escaped death in March when she had just left a terrorist camp that was bombed by a US drone attack in March.

Kenyan jets have also bombed camps in Somalia where she was hiding.

The Somali officer added: "The lady does not sleep in the same place twice. She moves around all the time."

It is thought she is hiding out near the town of Haaway in southern Somalia which is an al-Shabaab stronghold. Local villagers have been warned not to approach the area by the Islamic extremists.

Last summer The Mirror revealed that the White Widow married again to al Shabaab warlord called Hassan Maalim Ibrahim, aka Sheikh Hassan.

Al Shabaab is an Al Qaeda offshoot based in Somalia which still controls a fifth of the lawless country despite military setbacks against 10,000 African Union peacekeepers known as Amisom.

The extremists are fighting to impose strict Islamic law in Somalia and have banned football, dancing, music and even mobile phone ring tones.

Amisom have driven them out of towns and cities and obliterated much of their leadership with drone attacks and bombing raids.

An Amisom source revealed: "Lewthwaite comes to Hassan when she wants to hide out. She is protected in no-go areas by his clan and she often poses as a camel herder. She is dressed all in black robes and gloves so her white skin does not give her away."

It is thought she only sees her children rarely and does not take them with her on the run."

Captured terror boss Zakariye Ismail Hersi offered to betray the White Widow in January after he was captured.

He revealed she had been hiding out in the jungles of Ras Kiyamboni near the Kenyan border.

A suicide squad of up to 15 fighters often guard her. Two months she ago was seen with 25 women recruits in the city of Harardhere in northern Somalia after crossing the sea by dhow from the Yemen.

Lewthwaite is also feared to have helped plan last month's attack on a university in Garissa, Kenya.Gunmen stormed the university and shot 148 Christian students dead.

If they could not recite the Koran they were executed.

Cynthia Charotich, 19, told how she drank body lotion and hid in a cupboard for two days to escape the bloodbath.

Another student Eric Wekesa said: "What I managed to hear from them is 'We came to kill or finally be killed.' That's what they said. "It was horrible, there was shooting everywhere."

Kenya's security forces fear twisted Lewthwaite is on a revenge missionagainst Kenya after they killed her mentor - Sheikh Abubakar Shariff was killed in the Kenyan coastal city of Mombasa.

She had lived in a safe house there where The Mirror found her terrorist manifesto.

The hand-written 'Diary of Death' revealed she had brainwashed young radicals for a Holy War against the West.Itis thought brutal Islamic State executioner Jihadi John was on his way to meet the White Widow when he was arrested at an airport in Tanzania in 2009.

Mohammed Emwazi Al-Shabaab gunmen also ambushed a bus in November in Kenya and murdered 28 non-Muslims.

Kenya is now planning to build a wall across its border with Somalia to try and stop attacks.

William Ruto, the Kenyan deputy president, said: "The way America changed after 9/11 is the way Kenya will change after Garissa."

In February al-Shabaab released a video featuring an extremist with an English accent calling for terror attacks against London's Oxford Street and Westfield shopping centre.

He called on followers to "hasten to heaven" with a suicide attack similar to the Westgate massacre.

It is also thought brutal Islamic State executioner Jihadi John was on his way to meet the White Widow when he was arrested at an airport in Tanzania in 2009.

Security services think Mohammed Emwazi had been due to travel to Kenya to become a disciple of Lewthwaite before he then travelled to Syria to unlease his reign of terror.

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White Widow 'is behind the deaths of 400 people'

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White Widow Samantha Lewthwaite has murdered 400 people after becoming a key figure in jihadist terror group al Shabaab. The 32-year-old mother of four's atrocities include last month's slaughter of 148 by gunmen at a university in Kenya, say security chiefs.

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Lee Rigby

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As the nightmare first seconds of Michael Adebolajo and Michael Adebowale's attack on Lee Rigby unfolded, there was a sign before them of how far they had strayed from their adopted religion.

They believed murdering a British soldier would please Allah and be a strike against the foreign policy of the west. They drove a car into Rigby, catapulting him on to the bonnet.

To the zealots, Rigby was an enemy they were about to behead. To Saraj Miah, a Muslim man who happened to be nearby and was wearing a white prayer cap as a sign of his devoutness, he was a human being in desperate trouble.

Miah had been smoking a cigarette outside a shop in Woolwich, south London, when he saw Adebolajo get out of his car with a cleaver in his hand and slash at the neck of a man on the ground, as Adebowale stabbed at the body. Miah was the first person to try to save Rigby, shouting "don't kill him" at the attackers. To ward Miah off, one aimed a gun at him, forcing him to back away.

How Adebolajo and Adebowale became radicalised to the point that they wanted to butcher a man in broad daylight did not form part of the court case. But it is the crucial issue facing the government, the counter-terrorism establishment and communities across Britain, an issue they have been grappling with since the modern age of terrorism began in the mass bloodshed of the September 11 attacks on the US in 2001.

Adebolajo and Adebowale are the first terrorists in Britain inspired by al-Qaida to plot murder, kill their victim and survive to answer questions. From a search for what drove them emerges a complex mix of a battle to control Islamic teaching, extremists in Britain and Africa, the internet, the attackers' personalities and how they interpret the modern world around them.

The story of Rigby's murderers shows that the ideology of violent jihad retains the power to capture young Britons and render them capable of savage acts of which they are proud.

After the murder Adebolajo and Adebowale did not attempt to flee but remained at the scene and tried to turn modern technology - smartphones with cameras - into a tool of propaganda. They posed for pictures before Adebolajo talked into cameras and justified the slaughter, his hands covered in blood from his victim.

Then Adebolajo, 29, and Adebowale, 22, rushed armed officers as they arrived, brandishing their knives and cleaver and an unloaded gun. They claimed they wanted the officers to shoot them dead and thus make them martyrs. They were shot and wounded, detained and taken to hospital. During police interviews and then before the jury that convicted him, Adebolajo said he had picked his target at random, viewed himself as a soldier and calculated the degree of suffering to inflict on his victim.

On his first day of police interviews, Adebolajo explained how he and Adebowale had driven to the barracks in Woolwich in a Vauxhall Tigra on 22 May. The day before he had bought knives from an Argos store and a knife sharpener. Adebolajo told detectives they were determined to stun and then murder a soldier - any soldier - because he was "the most fair target because he joins the army with kind of an understanding that your life is at risk".

He added that they attacked Rigby - who was returning to the Woolwich barracks from a recruitment fair, dressed in a Help for Heroes sweatshirt - because "it just so happened that he was the soldier that was spotted first".

At times during the interviews Adebolajo wrapped himself in a light blue blanket taken from his cell, because he felt cold. Speaking in a matter-of-fact way, he said: "It was almost as if Allah had chosen him ... when I thought about obeying Allah in the past I thought maybe it is possible to kill a man by driving into him.

"When he crossed the road in front of me ... it was almost as if I was not in control of myself.

"I accelerated. I hit him and I think I crashed into a signpost. We wished to fulfil our promise to Allah. We did not wish to give him much pain.

"I could see he was still alive ... we exited the vehicle and I am not sure how I struck the first blow ... the most humane way to kill any creature is to cut the jugular ... he may be my enemy but he is a man ... so I struck at the neck and attempted to remove the head."

Adebolajo has been assessed as being sane before his interviews, with no history of mental problems. The video images of Adebolajo at the scene at first seemed to show someone out of control. But the truth may be even worse: that his thinking was warped into believing his adopted religion allowed him to decide all the world was a battlefield and that he was entitled to kill a soldier.

Other terrorists who have attacked in Britain wanted to kill as many civilians as possible; Adebolajo and Adebowale had decided to target one soldier.

Rigby, 25, who was from Middleton, Greater Manchester, was the father of a two-year-old boy, Jack. He had served in Afghanistan and was described by senior officers as a "professional and incredibly brave" soldier who had faced gun battles with insurgents and patrols at risk of improvised explosive devices.

Off duty and returning to barracks after the recruitment fair at Tower Bridge, he can have had no idea of the horror that awaited him as he turned on to Wellington Street. In the dreadful moments after the attack one woman at the scene asked Adebolajo if he was going to harm the passersby. Adebolajo said: "No, the women and children are safe. You need to keep back when the police and the soldiers get here."

He gave the warning because he and Adebowale planned to rush at armed police, who were then arriving, while brandishing a gun and knives, hoping to be shot dead.

The British academic Paul Gill, who has studied terrorists for a US government study, said they may have chosen to be discriminate in their target because they believed it would make it "more difficult to paint their actions as the work of 'madmen' or 'lunatic extremists'".

Adebolajo thought of himself as a soldier. Despite his arrest, after his video confession, after being shot, and despite his detention, he thought he could still be in control. He ignored legal advice to say nothing and refused to talk to detectives if he did not like their attitude.

While Adebolajo was in hospital he had a standoff with police. He wanted to wash his hands, which were covered with the blood of his victim, but officers wanted to take forensic samples to help establish his guilt. Adebolajo told police: "I'm not going to deny anything."

The young Muslim convert

Adebolajo was the dominant of the two attackers. He was born on 2 December 1984 to a Nigerian Christian family. His mother was a social worker, his father a psychiatric nurse manager in the NHS. The upbringing was strict, and his parents placed great emphasis on education.

Discipline did not stop the young Adebolajo going off the rails. His mother moved her family out of Romford, Essex, to Lincolnshire in an attempt to remove him from the influence of a street gang after he started getting into trouble. But her son returned to the capital to go to Greenwich University, where poor performance led to him dropping out of the course by his third year.

He had become interested in Islam and converted in his first year at university. The extremist cleric Omar Bakri Mohammad said he tutored Adebolajo in Islam after his conversion in 2003. Bakri Mohammad was the former leader of al-Muhajiroun, an organisation banned for professing extremist views. Several al-Muhajiroun followers have gone on to be convicted of terrorist offences in Britain.

Mohammad described Adebolajo as a shy man who had been angered by the Iraq invasion, and who would ask questions about when violence was justified. "He asked these types of questions, like many others," said Bakri Mohammed. "He was asking what to do. He was most likely affected by the situation in Iraq and Afghanistan."

Bakri Mohammed, now banned from Britain, said that as a new convert, Adebolajo received special attention: "In 2004 Muslims were feeling a lot of pressures from new laws and from Iraq."

Adebolajo frequently attended the group's protests. At one such demonstration he was arrested and subsequently convicted in 2006. He was also photographed at a protest outside Paddington Green police station in 2007, and led some of the group's protests.

He appears to have later attended events organised by successor groups to al-Muhajiroun until around 2011. By 2012 he claimed to have left the group.

Adebolajo fathered six children, the last born four days before Rigby's murder. He was well-read and described as pleasant by some who knew him, but with a temper. There were signs of an emerging mindset of a man attracted to the militant end of Islam from his association with Bakri Mohammed.

Adebolajo adopted a Muslim name, Mujaahid, which means one who engages in jihad. In court he renamed himself in honour of Abu Hamza, the extremist cleric extradited to the US last year, and asked to be known as Mujaahid Abu Hamza.

Gill said: "Not one of these behaviours could predict his eventual violent attack but together they tell a story of an individual becoming more deeply entrenched in militant activism."

Kenya

Adebolajo's friends say that in around 2010 he was receiving approaches from the domestic security service, MI5, asking him for information about his fellow extremists. That year Adebolajo travelled to Kenya. Some friends and family say the reason was to start a new life and to escape MI5 harassment. Others believe he was following a path trodden numerous times by jihadi wannabes. Kenya is the gateway to the lawless spaces of Somalia and the terrorist group al-Shabaab. The available evidence points to increasing radicalism being his reason for the journey.

For the west, the fight against extremism in east Africa is taken so seriously that Britain funded the construction and equipment for a Kenyan police centre as a base for anti-terrorism operations. The country receives money from the US to combat violent extremism.

Soon after arriving in Kenya Adebolajo ended up alongside people and in places associated with some of the leading al-Qaida-inspired terrorists in the region. He entered Kenya on 21 October 2010 on a scheduled flight to Nairobi. A man fitting his description was seen visiting a Mombasa mosque, Masjid Mussa, frequented by Samantha Lewthwaite, the so-called white widow, a wanted in Kenya for alleged links to terror offences. The green and white mosque on Mwambundu Road is one of the focuses for radical Islam in the city.

The main attraction at Friday prayers in 2010 was Sheikh Aboud Rogo Mohammed, a radical preacher who had amassed a significant following with outspoken sermons in support of al-Qaida and its Horn of Africa affiliate al-Shabaab. He was the ideological leader of al-Hijra, a Kenyan affiliate of al-Shabaab, named in intelligence reports as being responsible, along with al-Shabaab, for the Westgate shopping mall attack in September this year that killed at least 67 people.

Aboud Rogo's Friday sermons featured regular calls for Muslims from Kenya and elsewhere to travel to Somalia and join al-Shabaab in their jihad against foreign forces. Today, Aboud Rogo is Mombasa's most famous Islamist martyr. In August 2012 he was killed in a drive-by shooting.

The Mussa mosque is likely to be where Adebolajo met Swaleh Abdul Majid, a young man who would in 2011 marry the daughter of Aboud Rogo.

On 20 November 2010 Adebolajo caught a bus north out of Mombasa towards Lamu, a chain of tropical islands fringed with mangrove forests near the border with Somalia. The archipelago's remoteness has made it a staging post in reaching Somalia for al-Shabaab's recruitment network. Aboard the bus were five others, including the future son-in-law of Aboud Rogo, and four boys in their late teens. The group hired a speedboat to take them an hour's ride north to Pate Island and the remote village of Faza. Pate island was the home of al-Qaida's then leader in east Africa, Fazul Abdullah Mohammed.

Adebolajo and his companions arrived at 8pm and stayed at the basic Faza guesthouse. At first light the party moved on to Kizingitini, a nearby island that locals said was the launching point for the crossing to Somalia.

It was there that they were arrested by Kenya's controversial anti-terror police unit (ATPU), with the apparent assistance of a foreign intelligence service. The arresting officer, Inspector Stephen Khamisi, later told the magistrate that the ATPU had received outside intelligence reports leading them to intercept the group. Nine men were arrested and transferred to Mombasa. At the arraignment hearing held on 23 November 2010 they were accused of being on their way to Somalia and remanded in custody to allow police time for further investigation.

Court papers obtained by the Guardian show that by a second hearing four days later, names of four of the nine people remanded in custody had disappeared from the court record, including that of Adebolajo.

The conduct of the original hearing, as well as statements made in the dock and subsequent testimony, have given rise to two competing theories concerning Adebolajo, his travel companions and the role of the British high commission in obtaining his release. The first theory is that Adebolajo was planted on the bus to infiltrate a group of would-be militants, and that he was not meant to be detained. Certainly, the Kenyan government believed his arrest and return to the UK was not meant to be public.

The second theory is that the Briton was a budding jihadist whose radicalism was further inflamed by mistreatment during his three days in custody. Aboubakar, a local lawyer retained by a Mombasa sheikh on behalf of the parents of three of the younger boys in the arrested group, said there had been serious concerns that they could be tortured by the ATPU.

He said the boys told him there was "more than one white man present at the arrests". At his court appearance the Briton was caught on video saying: "These people are mistreating us and we are innocent, believe me."

Both theories of Adebolajo's intent in Lamu and his treatment in Kenyan custody rely on the contradictory testimony of his fellow detainee Swaleh. Now in hiding as he claims to be at risk of assassination, he has variously told relatives that he did not know Adebolajo before boarding the bus with him for Lamu and that he was "suspicious" of the foreigner; and that the pair became acquainted on the bus and quickly decided to travel together.

Another radical cleric, Abubakar Shariff, who has taken up the mantle of the murdered Aboud Rogo and Ibrahim Omar, says Swaleh told him privately that Adebolajo had been threatened with sexual assault while in the custody of the ATPU. He said the Briton had been stripped and threatened with rape with the muzzle of an AK-47. But Kenya's coastal province police chief, Aggrey Adoli, denied all allegations of mistreatment or torture, saying: "The police do not abuse suspects."

A spokesman for the ATPU, Boniface Mwaniki, said the Briton was "deported" on 26 November. However, Kenyan immigration officials have privately contradicted this account, claiming he left on a commercial flight and his passport was not stamped with an order forbidding any re-entry to the country - standard practice in the event of deportation.

Returning home

On his return to the UK, Adebolajo claimed to friends and family that his harassment by MI5 continued as intelligence officers pressed him to be an informer. According to family members he told of being beaten and threatened with sexual violence and death. His family say he returned to the UK a changed and embittered man.

In 2012 Adebolajo and his family went to a group called CagePrisoners to complain about his treatment. His brother, Jeremiah, who was working at a university in Saudi Arabia, claimed he had been approached and pressured by MI6 for information.

Adebolajo said there was British complicity in his ill-treatment in Kenya. He confided in a friend, talking of abuse at the hands of the Kenyans. He also claimed that on 12-13 March 2012 an MI5 agent had met him in central London. According to a CagePrisoners note, Adebolajo said the agent pressed him to work for MI5, and sent several text messages to keep up the pressure. The last one read: "We have no option but to proceed without you."

MI5 is also alleged to have pressured other family members to use their influence to get Adebolajo to co-operate with the security service.

A friend who cannot be named for legal reasons said Adebolajo became radicalised in late 2012. The friend saw profound changes in his character, which he attributed to his experiences in Kenya and on his return to Britain. Adebolajo had described to his friend how during interrogation "they told him: 'You are not in the UK now.' They took his private parts and said we will F-you [sic]. He told me he was physically assaulted and sexually threatened. If you looked at his face, he was holding back tears," the friend said.

When Adebolajo returned to England he was interviewed by MI5 officers. The friend said: "His whole concept was he wanted to live in a Muslim land because at the time he was being harassed by MI5. They were knocking and knocking on his door. He pretended not to be there but then he spoke to the agent. They said we just want to speak to you and they wanted to ask him if he knew certain people." The friend said he believed Adebolajo declined MI5's offer. "His word was: 'They are bugging me,'" he said.

Less than a year before the attack, Asim Qureshi from CagePrisoners saw Adebolajo, and his sister Blessing. Their main concern was alleged threats from the security services to their brother Jeremiah. Qureshi said he was struck by how in control of himself Adebolajo was and also by how lucid he was.

Adebolajo said he had been in al-Muhajiroun, but had left feeling a spiritual element was missing.

There is one report placing Adebolajo as a regular volunteer at an extremist stall outside a bank in Woolwich High Street handing out Islamist propaganda in the runup to the murder. One witness said he had been seen outside Plumstead community centre encouraging people to fight in Syria.

But the week before the attack should have been one of joy for Adebolajo. His wife gave birth to a son, his sixth child. Instead, he and Adebowale were planning the attack on a soldier, with CCTV recovered by the police investigation showing the purchase of knives for use in the attack.

Adebowale

Adebolajo was the dominant one of the killers. Adebowale, from Greenwich, south London, was also a convert to Islam who had attended rallies held by successor groups to al-Muhajiroun. He attended one outside the US embassy in London as recently as September 2012.

Adebowale, who brandished a gun at police, had his thumb shot off by an armed officer.

Police do not know how the two men met, although they believe the pair attended various mosques in south London. One attended a community centre in Greenwich which held prayer sessions.

Adebowale's mother was a probation worker and his father worked for the Nigerian high commission in London. He showed an interest in studying at a community college in Greenwich, but never enrolled.

Like his accomplice, he was in trouble with the police as a youth. Adebowale is suspected of being a former member of a London street gang and in 2008 was sentenced to 15 months in prison for involvement in drugs supply.

He dabbled in supplying minor drugs and ran away from home on at least two occasions. He spent four days in Feltham young offender institution.

As a teenager, Adebowale witnessed a murder and in January 2008, when he was 16, he was stabbed in a frenzied attack in which one person died. The incident gives an insight into a life in chaos.

Faridon Alizada, 18, was "literally cut to pieces" by an assailant wielding a 12-inch knife, according to the judge at the trial that followed the incident on a housing estate in Erith, south-east London. Lee James, 32, was convicted of murdering Alizada, stabbing a 16-year-old in the neck, and stabbing Adebowale in the shoulder and hand.

The trial at Southwark crown court heard that James, a former bare-knuckle fighter, accused Adebowale and the other youths, who were Afghans, of being members of al-Qaida and plotting to carry out explosions. The court heard claims that James was suffering from drug-induced psychosis during the attack.

A Greenwich neighbour said that after the attack Adebowale disappeared for a year and converted to Islam, and that his character appeared to have changed.

Madeleine Edwards, a family friend who lived in the same block of flats as Adebowale in Greenwich, said he had been involved with a local gang - the Woolwich boys - when he was a young teenager and had been in "some serious gangland trouble".

She claimed his mother had said he had to "disappear for a while". He left for about a year and on his return was a convert to Islam and had become distant.

Adebowale suffered psychological problems from the attack, with psychologists who assessed him during the trial saying he still heard the voice of his attacker. His mental health problems had been exacerbated by the excessive smoking of skunk, a strong form of cannabis. Adebowale's mental health led to the trial being delayed and, as it deteriorated during the hearing, the decision was made that he could not testify in his own defence.

Adebowale suffered from psychotic episodes during his time in custody and, it is believed, heard voices beforehand. One spoke to him in a Nigerian accent and would predict what he was about to do next, he told psychiatrists, such as predicting he would brush his teeth.

He had episodes of hallucinations that left him out of touch with reality.

Adebowale had psychotic symptoms before the attack, and psychiatrists said he felt his religion protected him, or at least lessened the terrifying effects of the psychosis.

At times he believed spirits called Djinns would make him do things and were "playing with him". One psychiatrist said it was a way for Adebowale to rationalise his symptoms as he complained the Djinns were changing words on paper as he tried to read them.

In one evaluation, Dr Phillip Joseph, who assessed him for the Crown, said Adebowale hinted the Djinns were "partly responsible" for his involvement in the attack, and then backtracked.

He feared the Djinns could travel and might hurt his mother.

The psychiatrist Neil Boast said that during an assessment on 11 November Adebowale said he was a Christian and not a Muslim.

His police interviews were not admitted as evidence. Though he was assessed as fit to be interviewed, the judge decided he had been too unwell. One source with knowledge of the interviews described him as "bouncing off the walls", and saying bizarre things. In his first interview Adebowale lashed out at detectives, spitting on them, before being physically restrained.

In the weeks before the attack the two men were in frequent contact. Extremist material was recovered from their homes, including sermons from Anwar al-Awlaki, one of most effective propagators of the al-Qaida-inspired message on the web. The extremist material found was still available on YouTube as Adebolajo and Adebowale stood trial.

The two murderers behind the first Islamist attack in Britain to claim a life since 2005 are believed to have acted alone. The self-styled soldiers face life sentences after being convicted by a jury of their peers. They have left their families, the family of Lee Rigby and their communities to do the most difficult work, of grieving and healing. Few will see the bravery in that.
Topics

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Woolwich murder: what drove two men to kill a soldier in the street?

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As the nightmare first seconds of Michael Adebolajo and Michael Adebowale's attack on Lee Rigby unfolded, there was a sign before them of how far they had strayed from their adopted religion. They believed murdering a British soldier would please Allah and be a strike against the foreign policy of the west.

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http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/kadiza-sultana-killed-isis-syria-air-strike-bethnal-green-london-schoolgirl-ran-away-a7185801.html

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https://www.theguardian.com/politics/live/2016/jun/16/eu-referendum-live-osborne-brexit-budget-leave-tories

Jo Cox

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The United Kingdom’s Strategy for
Countering International Terrorism
Annual Report
March 2010-Pursue Prevent Protect Prepare

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=12izdBTcBGo

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Preventing Radicalisation

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Radicalisation Of Young People | Good Morning Britain

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Preventing Youth Radicalization Workshop Jean Philibert Nsengimana

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What can be done to prevent youth radicalization?

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A former CIA deputy director told PBS NewsHour Weekend on Saturday that a major concern for the U.S. is the possibility of radicalized young men with EU or American passports entering the country to carry out terrorist attacks like those committed in France recently.

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A person without many friends who spends most of their time on the internet, Doesn't have many friends and wants to be wanted and feel like they belong to something. So they're easily made persuaded.

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What is prevent

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Vulnerability is the lack of security, Eg  someone with no friends and no belonging.

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Vulnerability- people that are vulnerable are people that are less popular than others(lack of confidence), people that are less able than others(LLDD Department).
Looking for attention and will agree to near enough anything to just have the slightest bit of popularity or to feel as if they are wanted but they wont see it as being for the wrong reasons.

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People most likely to be involved in radicalisation are people who don't feel excepted in groups and want to feel like they are part of a group  so they get persuaded by being made to think they will be part of a group if they join.

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Vulnerable- The quite one, shy one. Easily persuaded to join a terrorist group.

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People who have no friends and are bullied by others are more vulnerable.

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Generally, a person is considered to be vulnerable if it would be unreasonable to expect them to be able to deal with a problem themselves. There is no legal definition of a vulnerable person, but the National Standards for taking control of goods says this could include:

older people

disabled people

the seriously ill

the recently bereaved

single parent families

pregnant women

unemployed people

those who have obvious difficulty in understanding, speaking or reading English.

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Radicalisation is reinforced idealism

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Radicalization (or radicalisation) is a process by which an individual or group comes to adopt increasingly extreme political, social, or religious ideals and aspirations that reject or undermine the status quo or undermine contemporary ideas and expressions of freedom of choice. People that are vulnerable are more likely to become radicalised.  People likely to be vulnerable in college  include:
-  people that do not have many friends
- people with learning disabilities
- people that have had a bad upbringing eg suffered abuse of any kind

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what is radicalisation?
Radicalisation  is a process by which an individual or group comes to adopt increasingly extreme political, social, or religious ideals and aspirations that reject or undermine the status quo or undermine contemporary ideas and expressions of freedom of choice.

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Radicalisation is when people are persuaded to join a terrorist group.

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Radicalisation is a extreme view or an extreme political, social or religious ideals.

Vulnerability is seen as a weakness which allows an attacker to exploit them.

Don’t post any personal information online like your address, email address or mobile number.

http://www.safetynetkids.org.uk/personal-safety/staying-safe-online/

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Keeping people
away from extremist groups and radical views on the internet and when outside of education

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This is a video of people in a city talking about people that have left the country to go to Syria and facts about extremism. They then picked out from pictures of people who they thought looked most like extremists, including the stereotypes of a terrorist.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GF01JWdEk5M

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radicalism comes from the Latin word to root. hence the beginning of something.
https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/radicalism

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Radicalisation are ideas that are formed by stereotypical thoughts and what the media portrays to us might not necessary be the right ideas which fuels even me stereotypical ideas.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MQgBu88rbz4

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"to make someone become more radical (= extreme) in their political or religious beliefs"
http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/radicalize

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how we might spot someone who is being radicalised and how to prevent it.
SIGNS:
-disengaging
-grades dropping
-change of personality

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Preventing The Radicalisation Of Young People | Good Morning Britain

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Radicalisation is the process of which an individual is subjected to the ideals of group or organisation that are known as terrorists. These ideals are mostly inflicted upon people of younger ages due to their lack of knowledge or understanding of the subject. This can result in these children believing in the same ideals that some terrorist groups follow. Causing these individuals to react in radical and extreme ways.

Vulnerability is the lack of stability, the lack of stability comes from such things as poverty and social status. These factors can determine the likely hood of someone being radicalised. For example in college indviduals with learning capabilities can be vulnerable because they might not fully understand the situation. Another example is someone with no one close to them. This might drive them to seek another purpose through radicalisation.

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pT59DZFyCmA

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Radicalisation are ideas that are very extreme or inappropriate and protecting young people from those ideas.

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Keeping children safe from terrorism. Making sure that they stay away from people trying to brainwash them. Vulnerability- easy target. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pT59DZFyCmA