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http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/38661/title/Cancer-and-Immune-Cells-Merge/

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Project Human Cell Atlas:

Project Human Cell Atlas is about trying to map every cell in the human body, just like Google Maps is trying to map the globe

If this plan works, it would be easier to treat new diseases because we would know how it got there, where it is, and what it's doing to the body, instead of having to wait and see.

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Credit: Andrii Vodolazhskyi | Shutterstock.com

Imagine having the level of detail in Google Maps but for the inner workings of the human body. A new international initiative is creating an atlas that will chart every single cell in the human body, encompassing all of the tissues within Homo sapiens, scientists announced last week at a meeting in London.

The revolutionary project, called the Human Cell Atlas, will help biologists and doctors understand, diagnose and treat diseases with the help of high-resolution images of healthy and atypical cells from every structure in the body. [ Magnificent Microphotography: 50 Tiny Wonders]

"In sickness and in health, cells are the fundamental units of life, and only by knowing our cells will we be able to fully comprehend the mechanisms of human disease," Sten Linnarsson, a professor of molecular systems biology at the Karolinska Institutet in Sweden, who is participating in the initiative, said in a statement.

The initiative was formally announced at an international meeting convened by the Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, and Wellcome Trust on Oct. 13 and 14.

Cells are the building blocks that create the tissues and organs within people's bodies.

Credit: Genome Research Limited

At the meeting, researchers decided what to include in the initiative's first phase. The scientists said the project is expected to be as ambitious in scope as the Human Genome Project, which was the first successful undertaking to sequence the human genome - all of the 3 billion "letters" in human DNA.

There are trillions of cells within the human body, but each person came from just two cells: an egg and sperm cell. Once the egg and sperm combine to make an embryo, these cells divide, grow and give rise to new types of cells that form tissues and organs, the project's scientists said.

However, there isn't much detailed knowledge about the body's countless cells. Earlier studies have described what certain cells look like under a microscope, and more recent analyses have found the average properties of cells by examining clumps of hundreds or thousands of them. But there isn't yet an entity that shows a magnified image of every cell and what molecules are produced in each cell, the researchers said.

For instance, the atlas will include messenger RNA that gives each cell its unique identity. Collecting this information would have been impossible a few years ago, but new advances in single-cell genomics now allow researchers to separate individual cells from different tissues and organs, and to measure the transcriptome (the body's messenger RNA molecules) and other important molecules, the researchers said. [ Tiny & Nasty: Images of Things That Make Us Sick]

The atlas will examine the genetics behind each cell.

Credit: Genome Research Limited

"We are currently limited in our understanding of how cells differ across each organ, or even how many cell types there are in the body, said Sarah Teichmann, head of cellular genetics at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute in the United Kingdom. "The Human Cell Atlas initiative is the beginning of a new era of cellular understanding, as we will discover new cell types; find how cells change across time, during development and disease; and gain a better understanding of biology."

The new atlas will identify each cell's type, such as whether it is an immune cell or brain cell. The map will also show where these cells are located within the body's tissues. In addition, it will distinguish among cell states, for instance, what a naive immune cell looks like before it has encountered any pathogens and how a seasoned immune cell appears after it has been activated by a bacterium, the researchers said.

Moreover, the atlas will capture key characteristics of cells as they transition, for instance, the changes that occur as a stem cell becomes a specific type of cell, the scientists said. This will help researchers trace the lineage of each cell, such as how a predecessor stem cell in bone marrow turns into a functional red blood cell, the researchers said.

The Human Cell Atlas would provide high-resolution images of all of the healthy cells in the body, and what happens when they become unhealthy.

Credit: Genome Research Limited

These details could help scientists understand how diseases, such as Alzheimer's, asthma and different cancers, develop and how to therapeutically target them, the researchers said.

Once completed, the atlas will be made freely available to scientists around the world, the researchers added.

"This is exactly the kind of transformative technology that will advance the mission of curing, preventing or managing all diseases by the end of the century," said Cori Bargmann of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and the incoming president of science at the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative, who is involved in the initiative.

Original article on Live Science.

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Left at the 1st Neuron: Project Will Map Every Human Cell

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Imagine having the level of detail in Google Maps but for the inner workings of the human body. A new international initiative is creating an atlas that will chart every single cell in the human body, encompassing all of the tissues within Homo sapiens, scientists announced last week at a meeting in London.

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For the first time, researchers have grown eggs entirely in a lab dish.

Cells which create skin cells, called fibroblasts, which were taken  from the tip of an adult mouse’s tail, have successfully been reprogrammed to make eggs.

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Lab technique re-creating ovary conditions in a dish needs refinement

For the first time, researchers have grown eggs entirely in a lab dish.

Skin-producing cells called fibroblasts from the tip of an adult mouse's tail have been reprogrammed to make eggs, Japanese researchers report online October 17 in Nature. Those eggs were fertilized and grew into six healthy mice. The accomplishment could make it possible to study the formation of gametes - eggs and sperm - a mysterious process that takes place inside fetuses. If the feat can be repeated with human cells, it could make eggs easily available for research and may eventually lead to infertility treatments.

"This is very solid work, and an important step in the field," says developmental biologist Diana Laird of the University of California, San Francisco, who was not involved in the study. But, she cautions, "I wouldn't want patients who have infertility to think this can

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In a first, mouse eggs grown from skin cells

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Lab technique re-creating ovary conditions in a dish needs refinement For the first time, researchers have grown eggs entirely in a lab dish. Skin-producing cells called fibroblasts from the tip of an adult mouse's tail have been reprogrammed to make eggs, Japanese researchers report online October 17 in Nature.

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https://www.sciencenewsforstudents.org/article/stem-cell-any-cell
stem cells can become any cell so doctors can make bone cells to heal a break faster.

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How does Ebola work and what does it do:
- Once the virus enters the body, it targets several types of immune cells that are the first defense against invasion.
-Ebola triggers a system-wide inflammation and fever and can also damage many types of tissues in the body.

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sebastian guardia murrrieta has instagram #social

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sebastian guardia murrrieta has instagram #social

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Researchers have for the first time recorded how cells of the epidermis behave during the regrowth of adult limbs after amputation.

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https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/08/160830091811.htm

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ALS Discovery of Destructive Brain Cells in ALS

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http://www.cbc.ca/news/health/knee-repair-nose-1.3814647

1. nose cells can repair damaged knee joints.

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https://www.sciencenewsforstudents.org/article/stem-cell-any-cellhttps://www.sciencenewsforstudents.org/article/stem-cell-any-cell cool arricle

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http://www.bbc.com/news/health-37676882

-Japanese scientist made a healthy baby mouse out of a cell a sample of mouse skins
-

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sebastian guardia murrieta has facebook #social

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sebastian guardia murrieta has facebook #social

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Researchers have discovered a new option for treating malignant pleura mesothelioma. For the first time in the world
and guess what it is SEA CUCUMBERS

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https://www.sciencenews.org/article/zika-disrupts-cellular-processes-impair-brain-development?mode=topic&context=87
- The Zika infection effects DNA replication and prevents production of some proteins needed for healthy brain growth.
- Levels of a protein (called p53), which helps control cell growth and death, shot up by 80 percent in human brain cells infected with the Asian Zika virus. Increased levels of the protein stop developing brain cells from growing and may cause the cells to commit suicide

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https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2016-10/uoc-ncr102516.php
Brain functions are controlled by millions of brain cells
This neuro chip records brain cell activity

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https://www.sciencenews.org/article/first-mouse-eggs-grown-skin-cells?mode=topic&context=87
~Skin producing cells can be reprogrammed to make eggs in mice.
~If this can be accomplished with human cells it could lead to having an easier availability to eggs for research and could lead to infertility treatments

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Facts found in this article:

Zika symptoms are not easy to detect in adults

Zika infection during pregnancy can cause severe brain abnormalities in developing fetuses

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TUESDAY, Oct. 25, 2016 -- Certain brain cells in adults may be vulnerable to damage from Zika infection, research with mice suggests.

These stem cells replace lost or damaged neurons throughout adulthood. And they are believed to be critical to learning and memory, according to the scientists at The Rockefeller University in New York City and the La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology in California.

"This is the first study looking at the effect of Zika infection on the adult brain," said Joseph Gleeson, head of the Laboratory of Pediatric Brain Disease at Rockefeller.

"Based on our findings, getting infected with Zika as an adult may not be as innocuous as people think," he said in a La Jolla Institute news release.

Another one of the researchers agreed.

"Zika can clearly enter the brains of adults and can wreak havoc," said Sujan Shresta, an associate professor of inflammation biology at the La Jolla Institute.

"But it's a complex disease -- it's catastrophic for early brain development, yet the majority of adults who are infected with Zika rarely show detectable symptoms. Its effect on the adult brain may be more subtle, and now we know what to look for," Shresta said.

The researchers worked on the effects of Zika with adult brain cells in mice, although research on animals often does not produce the same effect in humans.

Further study is needed to determine if Zika does the same damage to adult brain cells in humans, and whether it might have long-term effects or the potential to alter behavior, the scientists said.

Zika infection during pregnancy can cause severe brain abnormalities in developing fetuses, the most common of which is microcephaly, where the brain and head are abnormally small. Thousands of babies have been born with these defects, mostly in Brazil, since the outbreak began in South America in April 2015.

"The virus seems to be traveling quite a bit as people move around the world," Gleeson said. "Given this study, I think the public health enterprise should consider monitoring for Zika infections in all groups, not just pregnant women."
More information
The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention provides more information on mosquito-borne diseases.

This Q & A will tell you what you need to know about Zika.

To see the CDC list of sites where Zika virus is active and may pose a threat to pregnant women, click here.

Copyright © 2016 HealthDay. All rights reserved.

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Some adult brain cells may be vulnerable to Zika infection: Study

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TUESDAY, Oct. 25, 2016 -- Certain brain cells in adults may be vulnerable to damage from Zika infection, research with mice suggests. These stem cells replace lost or damaged neurons throughout adulthood. And they are believed to be critical to learning and memory, according to the scientists at The Rockefeller University in New York City and the La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology in California.

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http://www.cbc.ca/beta/news/health/cell-atlas-1.3804951

- Human body is made up of trillions of cells.

- Scientist has found more cells and can now find some more cures and medicine.

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https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/12/151221133612.htm
• The color Dun in horses are now becoming fewer and fewer because of a single gene that determines what the pigment of the horse's hair should be.
• The color Dun was a common camouflage color  wild horses had to protect themselves from predators.

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http://m.medicalxpress.com/news/2016-10-neuro-chip-brain-cell.html
-records brain cell activity, to get a better understanding

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http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-36397034

Interesting facts

The human body has around 40 trillion cells, each with a highly specialized function.

"It has the potential to provide profound insights into how normal, diseased or damaged tissues are constructed and maintained"

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http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/categories/stem_cell
1. It says stem cells can replicate to any tissue in the human body.
2.  they can be used to cure or prevent diseases like Alzheimers or diabetes along with duchane muscular dystropy.

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stem cells - cells with daughter cells that may differentiate into other cell types. includes research findings

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Stem Cell Research News from Medical News Today

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The latest stem cell research research from prestigious universities and journals throughout the world.

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https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/10/161024170709.htm
-Parasitic plants might be able to steal genes from the plants they 'attack'
- It may be possible for the parasites to use those genes against the 'host' plant