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Week 4

A. Grammar: We have learned some modals of ability, necessity and obligation and drawn an scale of strength again. According to the scale, the strongest modals are “have to” and “must”. After them “ought to”, “need to” and “should” come. The weakest modals are “may” and “might”. We have also practiced about the modals. “Had better” and “have got to” have some meaning with “have to”. Beside “ought to”

has same meaning with “should”.

We have learned how to recognize the effects from the causes and the difference between “because” and “so”. “So” is used for the effects and “because” is used for the causes.

Finally we have learned the future tenses. We can use “will” when we are talking about the actions spontaneous and unplanned. And we can use present continuous or “going to” for future plans.

I will answer the phone! (spontaneous)

I am going to Istanbul next month. (planned)

I am going to go to Istanbul next week. (planned)

B. Vocabulary: We have learned a lot of words this week. For example “leasing” means hiring. “Courier” is someone who takes and delivers products. “Freight” is products which are carry by trains, trucks or ships. “Forecasting” has the same meaning with guessing.

C. Collocations: We have learned several collocations this week. For example, to “cover expense” means to be able to pay for needs. “Brand new” means something is never used, completely new. To “stand out” means to be very different from others and be able to notice easily.

In the third week, we have revised unit 5 and 6 and finished unit 7 and 8. Also we have researched two companies which we will visit next week and prepared 15 questions to ask. Preparing questions about companies are really difficult for me because I have no idea about manufacturing of sugar and oil palms. So I have to do more research and think about questions.

After that, we have learned how to write an essay. There are five steps about ideas: creating-organizing-composing-correcting the ideas and publishing the paper. Writing an essay is really difficult for me at first, because I have never written an essay before. But after little practice, I have realized that finding an idea to write is more difficult than writing it.

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Week 3

A. Grammar: I have learned present perfect and future tenses in this week. Also ıf clauses, some modal verbs, future tenses and active-possive voices.

- Present perfect tense is used for something that started in the past and continues in the present(1) or something that is recent happened.(2) We use the present perfect with some time adverbials: just, only just, recently, ever, so far, until now, up to now, yet(3). Also we use present perfect with since that is used for specific time and for that is used for period of time(4).

I have lived in Istanbul since 2003. (1)

I have lost my phone. (2)

Have you called him yet? I haven’t called him yet. I have just/already called him.

I have lived in Ankara since 2012. I have lived in Ankara for 5 years. (4)

- There are four types of if clauses. The zero conditional is used for general truths, such as scientific facts. The tenses in both parts of a zero conditional sentence are the simple present (1). The first conditional is used for something is possible in future. In a type 1 conditional sentence, the tense in the 'if' clause is the simple present, and the tense in the main clause is the simple future. (2) The second conditional is used for something is not possible in future. In a type 2 conditional sentence, the tenses in both parts of sentence are past simple.(3) The third conditional is used for something is not possible in the past. In a type 3 conditional sentence, the tense in the 'if' clause is the past perfect, and the tense in the main clause is the perfect conditional. (would + have + V3) (4)

If you freeze water, it becomes a solid. (1)

If you call him after midnight, he won’t answer you. (2)

If I told the truth, she would not do that. (3)

If I had told the truth, she would not have done that. (4)

- There are four modal verbs to talk about obligation. We can order them from the strongest meaning to the weakest. “Have to” and “must” express stronger obligation than “need to” and “should”.

There are tree ways to talk about the future. We can use “will” for spontaneous actions. We can use “going to” for future plans. (Also present continuous can be used for future plan.) Or we can use simple present for schedules.

She will come tomorrow.

They are going to Turkey tomorrow. / They are going to Turkey tomorrow.

I meet Mr. George on Monday.

We can use the passive voices when the subject is not important or not known. A passive voice begins with object instead of subject. (Object + to be + V3)

Ali broke the window. (active)

The window was broken by Ali. (passive)

B. Vocabulary: I have learned a lot of vocabulary. For example, when we try to describe the shape of a thing, we have to talk about it’s depth, length, height, width and size. And this thing could be rectangular, circular or square. Also I have learned a lot of new words about stage of lifecycle of something. During the process of construction of an object, it can be assembled, cut, dismantled, printed, recycled or shredded.

C. Collocations: I have learned a lot of collocations in this week. For example: after-sales service, cooling off period, money back guarantee, interest-free payment, bricks and mortar, cut throat prices. These are all about marketing.

In the second week, I learned the meanings of the writing marks. For example, “wf” means that chosen word is correct but there is something wrong with form of the word. “Gr” means that there is something wrong with grammar. Also I learned how to use information from internet. There are three different ways. First, you can copy and paste. Or you can summarize the main ideas and add the important details. Or you can paraphrase the ideas that you read with your words. But you always have to cite the source. Also I learned how to make a presentation. There are 7 parts of a presentation: Opening, bang, message, bridge, example, recap, bang. But I am not good at making a presentation, so I have to do more practice about it. Finally we discussed the strengths and weakness of some people and it was very useful and fun for me. I love this kind of speaking exercise and I want to do more.

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Week 2

A. Grammar: I've learned four tenses in this week: present simple, present continuous, past simple and past continuous.

Simple present tense is used for habits(1), facts(2), regular or repeated actions(3) and things which are generally true(4).

I usually play tennis on Saturdays. (1)

Snakes don't fly. (2)

He goes to bed at 11 pm every night. (3)

If you touch a hot iron you hurt. (4)

Present continuous tense is used for actions which is happening at the moment of speaking(1) and also future(2).

I am going to the library right now. (1)

I am going to the library tomorrow. (2)

Past simple tense is used for actions that started and finished at a definite time in the past.

I fell a book on my feet last night.

Past continuous tense is used to describe the background in a story written in the past tense and an unfinished action that was interrupted by another event or action.(2)

The sun was shining and the birds were singing. (1)

I was having bath when she came. (2)

Also I've learned some modal verbs as can, could, will and would. Can and could are used to talk about general abilities or ask for permission or for requests.

Will and would are used to offer something or for requests.

I can/could sing. (ability)

Can/Could I open the window? (permission)

Can/Could you take a message? (request)

Will/Would you bring my bag, please? (request)

Will/Would I go to the toilet? (permission)

B. Vocabulary: I have learned a lot of words in this week. For example “subsidiary” is a company which under the control the other and main company. Social function means social activity. And task, job, duty and mission have the same meaning. An executive is a manager.

C. Collocations: I have learned a lot of collocations in this week. There are special collocations especially in business English. For example, “getting the sack” means being fired, “working overtime” means working after rush hour, “meeting one's needs” means satisfying needs. “Moving ahead” in your career means progressing in your career.

In the first week, beside all the grammar and vocabulary and collocations I've just said, I have learned a lot of things. For example we have learned how to show an action on the timeline. At first it was so hard for me but after a little practice I managed to do it correctly. I think the most important thing about these modal verbs is difference between them. Could and would are the past conditions of can and will. But also you can use them for being more polite in present tense. Also, I have learned how to right an formal e-mail for apologizing. I am not good at writing especially formal letters. So I should do more practice of writing. Also I have to study harder to memorize all these vocabulary and collocations.

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https://berrinke.wixsite.com/sitem

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Berrin Kacar

Address  : Ataturk Mah. Saray Sok. 18\2 Uskudar/Istanbul

Gsm        : +90 (536) 764 55 55

Home      : +90 (216) 318 27 67

E-mail     : berrinke@gmail.com

Date of Availability to Assume New Job Duties: In 2017

Career Objective:

I want to utilize my knowledge, skills and professional experience with master education. Also I want to take my attorney's license and work as a lawyer.

Education:

Master: Istanbul University - Public Law - 2016 - ~
University: İstanbul University -  Law - 2012-2016 Graduation Degree: (3,29/4)

High School: Uskudar Cagribey Anatolian High School 2009 - 2012

Work Experience:

-

International and Domestic Travel:
Israel, Bulgaria and Malaysia

Foreign Languages:

English: Intermediate

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Turkey, Istanbul.
Law-Public Law.
Writing and Cooking, Turkish Literature.
Cheerful and helpful.