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Conclusion

usage of non-lethal weapons has helped police control crowd situations better when compared to other weapons.Personal safety will also increase significantly and crime rate will decrease if these are used.

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-Police stations can have large inventory of these weapons so that these can be used to suppress protests or crowd fights

-women can carry them with them for their personal safety(pepper spray)

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Non-lethal weapons reduce injuries to both police as well as people.i think they should be used more in countries like india

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i think that non-lethal weapons in crowd control and personal safety .

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Do you think nuclear weapons are important for upholding peace?

Please complete the survey by referring to the link below:

https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1rJxSMaiG1B5i5tf7r1T3dpV4sw4E8edpw4HukXPVXmw/edit#gid=0

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Do u think this weapon can replace the standard and present military weapons, please do click on the below link for our survey to make this padlet useful .

https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1flaFpfJHO71kLg6HsrGrDE7K7R5tgh3Afja9C-Ffd2w/edi

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From the above passage one can say the immense power of this weapon and the cheap feasibility. For these factors it clearly shows that it can be misused in a destructive way.what do u think about it?

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Ans: yes or no (only)

1)Do you think usage of non lethal weapons will reduce injuries?

2)should more non-lethal weapons be introduced in india?

3)will you use them for personal safety??

4)what do think are they good enough in a country like India??

https://docs.google.com/a/bits-pilani.ac.in/spreadsheets/d/1_UlnMIkml1RzbeOyAxv-LPdfy1qrfDTQksZeqRTSOMQ/edit?usp=sharing

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article published in year-2008

AUTHOUR NAMES;-John mcdonald,Michael r smith

ONLINE SITES:-

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LhJ6H9vlEDA

http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/homicide.html

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/

http://www.policeone.com/less-lethal/articles/134658-Nonlethal-weapons-Early-use-means-fewer-deaths-and-injuries/

http://securitydii.com/law-enforcement-police-less-lethal-crowd-control/

http://www.policemag.com/channel/weapons/articles/2013/03/less-lethal-weapon-options.aspx

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List of terms that are new for me before reading this article:

->Prevalence-The number of cases of a disease existing in a given population at a specific period of time( period prevalence) or at a particular moment in time

->incidence-the occurrence, rate, or frequency of a disease, crime, or other undesirable thing

->dichotomous-dividing into two parts

->lieu-instead

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Pepper spray, also known as OC spray and , is a lachrymatory agent (a chemical compound that irritates the eyes to cause tears, pain, and temporary blindness) used in policing,riot control and self defence

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what is oleoresin capsicum (OC)???

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I feel Laser Technology has many wide uses. They are used in Nuclear Missiles as well. They can be used in submarines, security Systems etc.

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it is true what you said manish but Monthly incidence of injury in 2 police departments declined significantly, by 25% to 62% because of their usage.also there is research going the negative health effects of CED devices

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As said in article the effects of less lethal weapons on health is undetermined.so is it ok to use them?

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Bundy standoff! Bundy Ranch Protesters Tasered by Federal Agents and Attacked by K9's

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Contains Graphic images. Protestors at the Bundy Ranch in Bunkerville, Nevada take on the Feds and stand their ground. Video courtesy of the Pete Santilli Show and Guerilla Media Network http://guerillamedianetwork.com/ Please donate today to keep more videos like this coming tomorrow!! http://wp.me/P30jla-1JM

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My Conclusion:

Atomic Bombs must be avoided as much as possible and no country must threaten to use them.If they use these weapons, there might be a chance for a Third World War and its Consequences will be beyond imagination. These weapons of mass destruction can also side effects like Mutation. After the war, the world as we know will be destroyed.

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Nuclear Technology (where Fission and Fusion Reactions mostly take place) is used in Nuclear Reactors for production of energy.

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It is true that Laser Technology can be used in Missiles. Such kind of missiles are known as Laser Guided Missiles. They can be used for larger precision

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From the above , I feel that they are very dangerous but important for upholding peace. I also feel that Laser Technology can also be used in Nuclear Weapons as well.

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Applications of this laser defence system:

These weapons can be used for a wide range, for their long lasting durability and high applications this can be used even in space,underwater nevertheless on the ground

So this laser weapon can be used for submarines or artillery (like tanks) or aeroplanes

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As we have seen, the cost for installing this weapon may be high, but the durability and the cost for firing it is quite low which signifies its importance ,thus making it extra-ordinary form other powerful weapons

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From the above data all u covered , i can definitely say that this weapon is a good alternative for the present technology and also can be used for various purposes other than defence

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Other Important sources which i referred to complete this padlet

1.www.britannica.com

2.www.nature.com

3.www.wikipedia.com

4.book:An inroduction to laser weapon systems by Glen P. Perram

5.www.youtube.com

6.www.popularmechanics.com

7.www.popsci.com

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1.2014.

2.Kratos defence and security solutions.

3.11 million dollar contract by US navy.

4.normal missile costs around 100000$ per shot whereas laser missile costs 10$

5.Scan Eagle UAV

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Open quiz on laser weapons

1.When did the first trial for laser weapons occur?

2.Who invented the Laser defence system?

3.What is the budget put by the US navy for installing the first LaWS?

4.How does a normal missile differ from laser missile in perspective of its cost?

5.Name of the first UAV controlling laser weapon

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Other sources:

http://www.armscontrol.org/factsheets/Nuclearweaponswhohaswhat

http://science.howstuffworks.com/nuclear-bomb.htm

www.britannica.com

Nuclear Weapons:What You Need To Know by Jeremy Bernstein

www.wikipedia.org

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Answers:

1) The United States of America(USA)

2) Officially 8 countries(China,Russia,USA,France,UK,India,Pakistan,North Korea) possess them but Israel is believed to possess them as well.

However some countries share nuclear weapons with some countries. For example,Belgium and Italy share Nuclear Warheads on NATO basis.

3)Plutonium and Uranium

4)Dr A.P.J Abdul Kalam

5)The radiations can cause mutation to occur in the cells thereby producing cancer causing agents(carcinogens) causing many health diso

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Questionnaire on Nuclear Weapons:

1)Which country was the first to use a Nuclear Bomb?

2)How many countries are believed to be possess nuclear weapons?

3)What elements are mostly used in an Nuclear Bomb?

4)Who is the famous scientist who played a key role in the development of nuclear warheads(Famous for the Pokhran Tests) in India?

5)Why do Nuclear Bombs cause health disorders?

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Another type of missile is the Anti Radiation Missile(ARM).

It is used to jam the communications between the enemies armed forces.

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India has two ICBMs:

1)Agni V

2)Agni VI

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New terms I Came across:

1)ICBMs:Inter Continental Ballistic Missiles

2) Strategic or Tactical Missiles

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However, one must note that they are the key for upholding peace throughout the world

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in Mid 1996,The International

Court of Justice(Highest Court of United Nations) has issued an open advisory prohibiting the use of Nuclear weapons

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Isn't there any law on the governance of their use??

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There are prmarily two types of nuclear weapons:

1)Fission Weapons

2)Fusion Weapons

However,there are some wepons which are a combination of both fission and fusion reactions

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How many types of nuclear weapons are there??

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List of terms that are new for me before reading this article:

1. LaWS : Lazer Weapon System

2.Advanced Test High Energy Asset (ATHENA)

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For every new invention, one may think of this question. But to improvise ourselves we need to take some risks before what it achieves or we can simply put it as a secret and impossible mission

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This weapon is works great. So we can stop wasting money on less powerful weapons and more number of ships,instead we can improvise them

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Even though as u say the cost required for firing this weapon is quite low, but installation of this weapon costs hugely. This makes us to waste money recklessly for defence purpose

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Police using oc againt protesters

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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2775771/

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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2775771/

They investigated the effect of the use of less-lethal weapons, conductive energy devices (CEDs), and oleoresin capsicum (OC)(pepper) spray on the prevalence and incidence of injuries to police officers and civilians in encounters involving the use of force

They analyzed data from 12 police departments that documented injuries to officers and civilians in 24 380 cases. They examined monthly injury rates for 2 police departments before and after their adoption of CEDs.

Aweapon,arm, orarmament isany device used with intent to inflict damage or harm to living beings, structures, or systems. Weapons are used to increase the efficacy and efficiency of activities such ashunting,crime,law enforcement,self-defense, and warfare . one type of the weapons are Non-lethal weapons, also calledless-lethal weapons,[1]less-than-lethal weapons,non-deadly weapons,compliance weapons,or pain-inducing weapons are weapons intended to be less likely to kill a living target than conventional weapons. Non-lethal weapons are used in combat situations to limit the escalation of conflict where employment of lethal force is prohibited or undesirable, where rules of engagement require minimum casualties, or where policy restricts the use of conventional force

These Include sleep gas, pepper spray, tear gas, water

Odds of injury to civilians and officers were significantly lower when police used CED weapons, after control for differences in case attributes and departmental policies restricting use of these weapons. Monthly incidence of injury in 2 police departments declined significantly, by 25% to 62%, after adoption of CED devices.

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Hiroshima Nuclear (atomic) Bomb - USA attack on Japan (1945)

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During the final stages of World War II in 1945, the United States conducted two atomic bombings against the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan, the first on August 6, 1945 and the second on August 9, 1945. These two events are the only active deployments of nuclear weapons in war to date.

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During an explosion, the blast radius is very high and the smoke takes the shape of a mushroom(Commonly).

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http://www.britannica.com/technology/nuclear-weapon

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The Laser Weapon System or LaWS is a directed energy weapon developed by the US Navy.The weapon was installed on USS Ponce for field testing in 2014. In December 2014 the United States Navy reported the LaWS system works perfectly, and that the commander of the Ponce is authorized to use the system as a defensive weapon.

The LaWS is designed to be used against low-end asymmetric threats. Against a vital point on small UAVs, one can be shot down in as little as two seconds. When facing small boats, the laser would target a craft's motor to disable it and make it dead then repeating this against others in rapid succession, requiring only a few seconds of firing per boat. Targeting the platform is more effective than individual crewmembers, although the LaWS is accurate enough to target explosive rockets if on board, whose detonations could kill the operators. Against larger aircraft like helicopters, it is able to burn through some vital components, which would cause it to fall and crash.

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A Nuclear Weapon derives its energy either from fission or a combination of fission and fusion reactions. It is a potentially destructive weapon capable of wiping out an entire city with a single blow, thereby jeopardizing entire livestock and causing some major environmental changes.The effect of nuclear weapons can be felt even after generations due to the radiations given out from the weapon.In fission weapons generally enriched Uranium or Plutonium is used as a fuel whereas in fusion weapons isotopes if hydrogen(such as tritium and deuterium) are used. In early times, the weapons were delivered by bomber air-crafts by making use of gravity. But nowadays, many countries use a ballistic trajectory for aiming and firing missiles to any part of the world.Such type of missiles are known as Inter Continental Ballistic Missiles(ICBMs). A nuclear weapon can harm many generations of families due to its harmful radiation. The radiation given out can cause Cancer,Blood disorders and even infertility.The Weapons that are used to threaten against large populations are known as Strategic Missiles or Tactical Weapons.

Therefore the use of Nuclear Weapons is avoided as much as possible as it causes more harm than good.

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http://www.nature.com/news/military-technology-laser-weapons-get-real-1.17613

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The Lockheed Martin Area Defense Anti-munitions (ADAM) prototype laser weapon system successfully destroys a Qassam-like rocket target in an operationally representative free-flyer scenario at a range of 1.5 kilometers on April 22, 2013, replicating similar demonstrations conducted starting in March 2013. For more information, go to: www.lockheedmartin.com/adam

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Summary

Humans are not a target of the weapon under stipulations of the agenda of the defence, but targets do include UAVs, helicopters, and fast patrol craft. Rules of engagement have been developed for its use, but details have not been released. The Navy has released vi

Finally, we can percieve that one can say that this laser technology might be a great threat to mankind for their Imperial power and cost for the equipment.But one should understand that this laser technology can save millions of lives just in a blink .However,one cannot digest this fact as only for a good cause , so if this technology is in good hands we can say that we found one of the finest technology that helps for defence

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Boeing - High Energy Laser Mobile Demonstrator (HEL MD) Destroys Mortars Mid-flight [720p]

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Boeing's High Energy Laser Mobile Demonstrator (HEL MD) team has used a solid state laser to destroy mortars and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). A laser destroys targets with pinpoint precision within seconds of acquisition, then acquires the next target and keeps firing.