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The Corn Crake or landrail (Crex crex) is a bird in the rail family. It breeds in Europe and Asia as far east as central Siberia and western China, and migrates to Africa in  winter.

The Corn Crake bird was extinct in Lithuania because modern farming practices mean that nests and birds are destroyed by mowing or harvesting before breeding is finished. Conservation measures have been taken and the population has been restored.

Plomėnai Ornithological reserve is one of the places where the Corn Crake nests.The corn crake's breeding habitat is grassland. This secretive species builds a nest of grass leaves in a hollow in the ground and can  be heard better than seen.

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Plomėnai lake is surrounded by marshes from all its sides. Marshes are expanding and overgrowing the lake leaving no access to it. Marshes is definitely not the best place for a walk, but it is a perfect habitat for many species of birds, insects and wetland plants.

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Forest path around the lake and the marshes

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Forest path around the lake and the marshes

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A narrow forest path can be used to go around the lake and the marshes. It streches among  broadleaf and coniferous trees. Pine, spruce,  birch,  hasel and bird cherry trees line the path. In the eastern part of the lake, the path is very close to the marshes and there is no access to the lake. In the western part of the lake, the path goes up the hill and offers a great panoramic view of the lake and the marshes.

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Sphagnum, commonly known as peat moss, grows abundantly in Plomėnai swamp. It is not a rare or protected plant, as it grows in various types of wetlands. However, the spread of moss has reduced as large areas of wetlands have been drained and converted to agricultural land.

Sphangum moss has not got any roots. The plant accumulates water with all its body. Sphangum moss is a short lived plant which eventually builds up into layers. Layers of dead moss is called peat.

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Plomėnai marshes are of thermocarst origin and cover 150 hectares of irregularly shaped raised bogs (bogs make about 60% of marshes) with some dry elevations. Plomėnai lake covers an area of 18.2 hectares and  is surrounded by marshes. The reserve is rich in bird species. Some species breed here, while other species choose Plomėnai marshes as their migratory rout. Eighty-nine species of birds have been discovered in Plomėnai Ornithological Reserve. These include Montagu’s harrier, common crane, corn crake, and black stork.