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The Music of Bollywood is very interesting in nature, often described as the music of Punjab, as the form originated in the Northern parts of India. The most common form of Bollywood music that Westerners may have seen of know of is called Bhangra. This type of song and Dance is well known for being involved with Films from India as the actual idea and form of Bhangra began in the early 1930s. The Music features a Drum called a Dohl
http://jamunamusic.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/dhol.jpg

This instrument is the most common percussion instrument of Bhangra music, specifically in a more traditional setting. Because of the spread of Western influence in music of popular culture, Bhangra has even adopted electronic music which has become more common in Indian films that make an effort to exemplify Western music while still having the traditional sound. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VzbVgiCJMsc

A more traditional sound of Bhangra however would be an featuring loud song and very active dance, where the performers are consistently jumping around, twisting and legitimately shouting at times, where the word Hoi can be used to add more percussive effect.

This is a video of a Two guys overlooking the ocean in Nova Scotia are dancing Bhangra.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5VLNIKv2Jro

In one of the most popular movies of the year from Bollywood called Sultan, the Story of a Professional Wrestler who had a hard love life due to his career, even in the Trailer here, there is a small amount of Bhangra dancing. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wPxqcq6Byq0

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Karnatak is the Music Tradition of Southern India, and while Hindustani and Karnatak have immense similarities, there are quite a few differences. The biggest difference between the two tradition forms is that Karnatak does not have the same influence as Hindustani on Islam.
Karnatak is a tradition created significantly newer in comparison to Hindustani, while Hindustani originated in Vedic times, around 6000 BC, Karnatak was codified from Hindustani traditions, even certain Karnatak Ragas come from Hindustani Tradition. Bageshri is a certain Raga Depicted to give the idea of a late night while a woman is waiting the return of her Lover. This Raga was supposedly created around the Sixteenth century during the Reign of Emperor Akbar.

Karnatak also focuses on Vocal performance more than any instrument, something Hindustani does not completely agree with while the Hindustani tradition does glorify Singing as the highest form of Musical Expression, relative to instrumental music music, singing is considered a higher status in Karnatak tradition.

The Tanpura is an intstrument found in Various forms of Indian Music specifically for the Purpose of being A DRONE!!! But, the Tanpura of the south Is not made the same. The Northern Tanpura is made from a gourd while the Southern is Carved out of a block of wood. The Instrument does have tone change because of this, as well as the neck tends to be made out of one solid piece of Rosewood.

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Duet Sitar & Sarangi Vilayat Khan & Munir Khan Raga Bilaskhani Todi

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Raga Bageshri ( 46.15 ) -Vilambit Bandish in Teentaal -Madhya Bandish in Teentaal -Drut Bandish in Ektaal Ashwini Bhide Deshpande - Vocals Seema Shirodkar - Harmonium Vishwanath Shirodkar - Tablas

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Hindustani music originated from Northern India

This style of music relies heavily on instruments such as the tambura, sitar, tabla, and other factors such as hand clapping and drumming
http://www.sangeetvidhyalaya.com/images/sitarTanpura.jpg

Raga has a very progressive sound that "grows" throughout the performance and is broken down to different sections.

Alap - the opening section usually played by a soloist

Jor - the section that connects alap to gat, also performed by another soloist

Gat - the entry of the drums (usually tabla) which establishes the beat (tala - time) and plays with the other instrumentalists

Jhala - the conclusion of the raga, beginning with a jump in tempo and continues to intensify to the end

During the raga performance, if an instrumentalist is not playing, or stops playing for a few beats, they keep the beat silently with their hands.
This is called Keeping Tal, and it is a more organized way of keeping the beat as another instrumentalist is playing.
The beat is kept by finger touching, silent clapping, or waving the hand.

Anoushka Shankar - Hindustani raga performance (2:10-4:30)
https://youtu.be/-wra4p4zARw?t=2m10s

Ravi Shankar - a famous and talented Hindustani musician who studied in Paris and London, making connections between European instruments and bringing the traditions of Indian Hindustani to an international level.

Ravi was a master at playing the sitar and taught The Beatle's George Harrison how to play, connecting Western music with traditional Indian music and raga instruments. The Beatles released their album Rubber Soul in 1965 which featured the song "Norwegian Wood" and became famous for George Harrison's sitar solo. After the sitar grew to be a favorite exotic instrument in the United States, Harrison decided to formally begin studying under Ravi Shankar.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t79aI-I6ucA

Another musician that took an interest in classical music was John McLaughlin who was a famous guitarist and composer. He led a jazz-rock fusion band called Mahavishnu Orchestra which was influenced greatly by classical Indian music. McLaughlin also studied under Ravi Shankar and eventually converted to Hinduism. He later created another band of Indian-jazz fusion music called Shakti and it featured other talented musicians such as Ravi's nephew L. Shankar, and Zakir Hussain. McLaughlin developed his own acoustic guitar that was modified to resemble some features of the sitar.

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History & Religion's Influence in Indian Music

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History & Religion's Influence in Indian Music

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Before British Control (5th century - 19th century)

Elements of Hinduism were prominent in India's early beginnings, and eventually religions like Buddhism and Jainism began to originate in India

In the 8th century, Islam was introduced to India and continued to spread for the next couple centuries

The Sikh religion is founded later in the 16th century

In the 19th century, the Britain became the dominant colonial power in India, and in 1858 India became officially apart of the British empire.

Currently today. 80.5% of all of India is associated with Hinduism, while 13.4% associate with Muslim, but after plenty of years since the British Colonization, 2.3% of India is Christian.

Hindu, being the largest religion in today's India, played a big role in their music. Ancient Hindu scriptures called Vedas, were believed to have been the early beginnings to classical Indian music.

Bhajan - devotional songs and hymns of the Hindu religion

Even though there are many differences between Islam, Sikhs, and the Hindu religion, Sufism (a form of Islam) shared many beliefs with Hinduism about how music creates a connection between humans and deities.

Qawwali - a style of music that stemmed from Sufism that involves singing, clapping, and rhythmic drumming

Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan - Qawwali singer (16:33-17:10)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kLBFmA87tyg