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 was a jacket made of tree bark (Artocarpus tamaran), a red loincloth, and a headdress decorated with Argus pheasant feathers.

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Tenom District Chief
-Selected chief would be the one that is close to the BN Government and is active in the political activities.

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The Murut usually live in communal longhouses that near rivers. Traditionally, they used rivers as their highways. Their economic activities are planting the hill rice and tapioca, and hunting and fishing. Traditionally, for men, they were skilled hunters by using the blowpipes, spears and hunting the dogs. Thus, for women, is they were produced the handicraft objects. For today, their main occupation are cultivating hill rice, saw milling, timber processing and military careers are other means of livelihood.

RICE PLANTATION

The Murut practised swidden agriculture based on a seven-year cycle.  For the rice plantation, they breed two types of rice on hill, which ‘aare lati tana luun’ and rice from paddy field called ‘lati ba’. The production of the rice is related to their financial status. Traditionally, the excess of rice harvest are consumed in huge irau feast that signifying the wealth and fortune.

SAW MILLING
Sawmilling is like those hundreds of years ago; a log enters on one end and dimensional lumber exists on the other end.

The process of saw milling:
Firstly, trees that were selected for harvest, then in logging is felling the trees after that bucking them to length. Secondly, cut off all the trunks which known as ‘limbing’. Thirdly, decking the process for sorting by species, sizes and end use at the mill. Fourthly, a sawyer will be using a head saw to break the log into cants and flitches by depending the species and quality of the log. After that, make it dry and remove naturally occurring moisture from the lumber with kilns or sir-dried. Lastly, smoothen the surface of the lumber and shipping transports the finished lumber to the market.

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Murut Education -  MURUT LANGUAGE TEACHING FOR PRIMARY SCHOOLS

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Murut Education -  MURUT LANGUAGE TEACHING FOR PRIMARY SCHOOLS

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The project has reveived the following project support from the Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Government of Finland.

2011  27,700 €
2012  29,400 €
2013  26,360 €.
Total  83,460 €.

The aim is to provide Murut language instruction in state primary schools in Murut-speaking areas of Sabah. The immediate objective is to devise a curriculum in partnership with local experts and the Education Authorities. Textbooks and workbooks for years 1-3 will be developed. Teacher training courses will be provided for Murut-speaking school teachers in applying the teaching materials produced. A Tri-lingual Murut-Malay-English School dictionary will also be published.

Between 1984 and 1996 linguists Kielo and Richard Brewis conducted research into Timugon Murut. During this time, the Ministry for Foreign Affairs provided EFCF with development funds for research and language development projects. The Embassy of Finland in Kuala Lumpur provided financial aid for the Rundum-Murut literacy project 1994-5, as well for the printing of a Timugon Murut – Malay dictionary on its completion in 2004.

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Introduction If you are invited to a Murut Wedding, you should by no means decline. Especially not if it is not just a simple wedding 'Malay Style', but a 'tina'uh' , or 'bului'. Both, the tina'uh and the bului are highly traditional affairs, and they are best described as the last handing over of the outstanding dowry that was initially ...

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Tina'uh
A Tahol Murut Wedding Ceremony

by Herman (1998)

Introduction

If you are invited to a Murut Wedding, you should by no means decline. Especially not if it is not just a simple wedding ‘Malay Style’, but a ‘tina’uh', or ‘bului’.

Both, the tina’uh and the bului are highly traditional affairs, and they are best described as the last handing over of the outstanding dowry that was initially agreed on for the bride. The bului ceremony is even grander than the tina’uh, but this text will content itself to explanations pertaining to the tina’uh of the Tataluan Murut.

A tina’uh can be held two years after a young man has taken a Murut wife, in a ceremony called ‘limpoho’. This was once the official wedding ritual and procedure of the Sepulut and Pensiangan Murut. Often, the young husband won’t be able to pay his dept so quickly. The ‘pulut’ (dowry) for a Murut girl can amount to up to 40,000 Ringgit in heirloom goods and cash, and thus frequently the tina’uh is only held twenty years after the limpoho. Sometimes, the man has taken another one or two wives by then

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Women wore a black sleeveless blouse and sarong, which fell just below the knees. Murut decorated their clothes with distinctive beadwork and also made belts out of old silver coins or reddish-brown glass beads plus yellow and blue beads was hung loosely around the waist.
Pinongkolo

Traditional costume of women comprising a blouse and a long wrap-skirt of black cotton, and decorated with beadwork. The decorated blouse is called babaru linantian and the wrap-skirt tapi' linantian.

Pipirot

Belts/waist bands of silver coins (pipirot linggit) and various types of beads; most popular being the aki' nampalur, kotos, bungkas, aki', and olod.

Salupai

A headdress of several rows of beads. When there are many strings, they are shaped into a round skullcap. The salupaifunctions as a support for the sinikot.

Sinikot

A set of three hairpiris, with the sinikot tataun in the middle and two sinikot surai on both sides of the hairbun. The larger sinikot tataun has the longest strings of tiny beads floating downwards to the middle of the back.

Rarangkol

Necklaces of various types of beads usually in a certain order - according to length: bungkas, kotos, aki' pangungupu', bulul, olod, etc.

Holong

A pair of bracelets. If made from shell (probably the shell of the giant sea clam), they are called holong sulou. Any type of round beads may be strung together as an alternative.

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Traditional dress for men was a jacket made of tree bark (Artocarpus tamaran), a red loincloth, and a headdress decorated with Argus pheasant feathers.

Babaru puputul

Bark vest. The bark comes from the puputul tree (Artocarpus kunstleri). It is cut length wise to fashion sleeveless jackets and loincloths. The material of the jackets is strengthened with transverse darning. Formerly, the fibre of pineapple leaves was used. It may be decorated with simple beadwork motifs.

Aba puputul

Loincloth of approximately two metres long; made of inner bark of the puputul tree. The fabric is passed between the legs and wound around the waist. Modern cotton aba (aba ra kain) are cut as shorts with lengths of cloth attached to front and back, more or less like apron. Red cloth is common because red is used to symbolise bravery. Cotton applique of zig-zag motifs (rinda-rinda or rinipon kapit).

Tupi'sinulatan

Headband of tree-bark decorated with feathers, preferably of the tawou (Argus pheasant), or a pair of sinikot.

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Kalimaran Festival 2009, its a traditional Murut celebration which been held at Murut Cultural Centre in Tenom town, located in Interior Division of Sabah, East Malaysia.

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Customs & Beliefs

In the by-gone era, the Murut were famous described as silent headhunter or 'Pangait' and they were the last of Sabah's ethnic groups to renounce headhunting in late 60's. Beheading and collecting head's of enemies traditionally brings the highest honour and self esteem in Murut heroism, it also serve a very important role in the Murut spiritual beliefs. Collecting heads of enemies served a very precise function in Murut society. For example, a man can only get married after he has presented at least one head that he has hunted to the family of the desired girl. The Murut were once are feared as vicious headhunters but the Murut these days have abandoned much of their age-old traditions especially headhunting.

The essence of Murut tradition of feasts is very unique and distinctive. No merrymaking will end at least until sunrise and can last up to seven days later. This is especially the case with weddings or funerals. Through modernization, no more heads must be furnished for weddings but jars along with cloth, beads, gold and ivory bracelets have taken its place. All these dowry items will be proudly displayed at the ceremony. Jars or “sampa” holds a prominent status in their customs. The Murut know the age of sampa and treat them will due respect. Jars are also a place of spirits. Beads play an integral role in Murut life. Wedding beads must be presented in the form of belts, necklaces, headgear and decoration.

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The Murut tribe comprise several people groups that are scattered in parts of Borneo Island including Brunei, Kalimantan (Indonesia), and the East Malaysian states of Sabah and Sarawak. Their biggest population are in Sabah but some also inhabit in the rural Temburong District of Brunei. They were among the last tribal groups in Borneo to renounce headhunting. The largest Murut people groups are Tagal, Tidung, Timugon, Sembakung, Paluan, Bookan, Kalabakan, and Serundung Murut. The Sabah Murut population is around 135,000 while around 1,200 are found in Brunei.

The literal meaning for Murut is 'hill people'. The Murut were formerly shifting cultivators moving their settlements every few years. Each people group has their own dialect, but most are also conversant in Malay which is the national language in Brunei and Malaysia.

Most of the Murut nowadays live in individual family houses instead of communal long houses. These modern-style Murut villages are still located in the areas of their former longhouse communities. They are a very hospitable people

Traditionally, they used the rivers as their highways. They planted hill rice and tapioca, and hunted and fished for a living. The men were skilled hunters, using blowpipes, spears and hunting dogs. Today, cultivating hill rice is their main occupation. Saw milling, timber processing and military careers are other means of livelihood.

Generally speaking, the Murut in Brunei have participated in the economic prosperity and modernization of Brunei Darussalam over the past few decades. The Murut in Sabah have also had increased opportunities resulting from modernization, although those who live in remote locations have not benefited as much from these changes.

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The Murutic languages are a family of half a dozen closely related Austronesian languages, spoken in the northern inland regions of Borneo by the Murut and tidung. The group is divided between lowland (Timugon) and highland (Tagol) subgroups. Those of Murut origin speak 15 languages and 21 dialects.  Tagol Murut is commonly used and understand by a large majority of the Murut peoples as a Murut proper language. The ethnic can be found in Sabah and Sarawak.  The Tagol Murut language serves as their lingua franca. As Murut is a cluster of the Dayak tribes in northern East Kalimantan, Brunei and Sabah, Sarawak, East Malaysia.

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Tapai Rice (Fermented rice)

Made from Glutinous Rice, yeast and sugar. The rice is then let to Ferment for 2-4 days and wrapped with tea leaves. The taste it sour sweet and can be eaten anytime of the day and it does not make you drunk.

Tapai rice can be found at Tamu or night market as it is popular among the locals.

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The Murut have a musical heritage consisting of various types of agung ensembles - ensembles composed of large hanging, suspended or held, bossed/ knobbed gongs which act as drone without any accompanying melodic instrument.

Murut also used bamboo as a music, using bamboo to compose a songs. Some instrument of music like 'Angkung' (Similar to a guitar although it only has 4 strings) was also made from bamboo. Angkung usually played when their leisure time.

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Murut tribe is also popularly known as the “headhunters”. The Angalang dance mimics the movement of this special bird called the Great Argus Pheasant. The warriors don with the head gear made from the beautiful feathers of this bird. The dance portrays the great spirit of the bird. This dance is performed before the battles, to energise the warriors before a battle. 

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Murut tribe is also popularly known as the “headhunters”. The Angalang dance mimics the movement of this special bird called the Great Argus Pheasant. The warriors don with the head gear made from the beautiful feathers of this bird. The dance portrays the great spirit of the bird. This dance is performed before the battles, to energise the warriors before a battle. 

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THE ANGALANG DANCE

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The Angalang dance is performed by the third largest ethnic group in Sabah, the Muruts. In the olden days, the dance is performed in special occasions such as wedding ceremony. The Muruts are concentrated in the interior district of Tenom, and surrounding areas. They are also known a the "Headhunters".

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Materials : wood, bamboo and atap (palm leaves).
To avoid the flood and wilflife such as snake, the house if lift off the ground by stilts made of hard wood.

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Dance The Magunatip DanceThe Magunatip Dance belongs to the Murut tribe. The word “atip” in Murut language means clapping. A few pairs of long bamboos are used in this dance. Dancers have to maneuver through  the clapping of the bamboos which in turn are controlled by the beat of the music. The faster the tempo the faster the pairs of bamboos will be clapped. This dance is one of the most popular among the dance groups in Sabah. The sheer style of the dance which gets one's adrenaline pumping and the fast and agile movement of the dancers never cease to impress the crowds. The Murut folks used this dance to prepare for battles. The warriors had to succeed in the test of speed and agility by dancing through the clapping of the bamboo sticks. If any of the warriors got caught in the bamboo, this meant they were not fit for battles. The women also played a part in this ceremony. While dancing with the clapping of the bamboo sticks, if she got caught, then this was a sign of bad luck and the husband should not go to the battle.

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Dance The Magunatip DanceThe Magunatip Dance belongs to the Murut tribe. The word “atip” in Murut language means clapping. A few pairs of long bamboos are used in this dance. Dancers have to maneuver through  the clapping of the bamboos which in turn are controlled by the beat of the music. The faster the tempo the faster the pairs of bamboos will be clapped. This dance is one of the most popular among the dance groups in Sabah. The sheer style of the dance which gets one's adrenaline pumping and the fast and agile movement of the dancers never cease to impress the crowds. The Murut folks used this dance to prepare for battles. The warriors had to succeed in the test of speed and agility by dancing through the clapping of the bamboo sticks. If any of the warriors got caught in the bamboo, this meant they were not fit for battles. The women also played a part in this ceremony. While dancing with the clapping of the bamboo sticks, if she got caught, then this was a sign of bad luck and the husband should not go to the battle.

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The Murut are an indigenous ethnic group, comprising 29 sub-ethnic groups inhabiting northern inland regions of Borneo. Murut are also known as the hill people. They were once apex predators who used spears and poison darts as hunting weapons. The traditional costume is a short, black, sleeveless blouse and a long, black skirt decorated with colourful beads.

The outfit comprises of the Salupai, Rarangkol and Pipirot. Like most of the other indigenous groups in Sabah, the Murut decorate their clothing with distinctive beadwork and also make belts out of old silver coins. The beads play in important role in the Murut culture as they are clearly visible in the traditional costume.

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Previously known for their headhunting activity.

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Previously known for their headhunting activity.

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A Tahol Murut Wedding Ceremony

by Herman (1998)

Introduction

If you are invited to a Murut Wedding, you should by no means decline. Especially not if it is not just a simple wedding ‘Malay Style’, but a ‘tina’uh', or ‘bului’.

Both, the tina’uh and the bului are highly traditional affairs, and they are best described as the last handing over of the outstanding dowry that was initially agreed on for the bride. The bului ceremony is even grander than the tina’uh, but this text will content itself to explanations pertaining to the tina’uh of the Tataluan Murut.

A tina’uh can be held two years after a young man has taken a Murut wife, in a ceremony called ‘limpoho’. This was once the official wedding ritual and procedure of the Sepulut and Pensiangan Murut. Often, the young husband won’t be able to pay his dept so quickly. The ‘pulut’ (dowry) for a Murut girl can amount to up to 40,000 Ringgit in heirloom goods and cash, and thus frequently the tina’uh is only held twenty years after the limpoho. Sometimes, the man has taken another one or two wives by then …

The tina’uh is in danger of disappearing, as are so many customs. It is becoming rarer, nowadays, that the parents in law of a young man require the limpoho, which will then automatically call for the tina’uh or bului later. One of the reasons for the disappearance of this custom is that it is very its labour intensive. Murut parties are beyond description, to say the least, and preparations for a fully-grown tina’uh can involve an entire village for more than a month. In our modern times, they are not very practical affairs any more. Our lives are ruled by schedules and duties, to many of which the Murut have now also yielded - in the name of progress. Yet, in remote, rural areas, where people are called poor because wealth and progress is still measured by money and technical advance, limpoho’s are still customary. There, life follows the little disturbed and spiritual age-old rhythm, with its intricate social pattern, that once dominated the entire of Borneo.

When a tina’uh is going to be held in a village is subject to long discussions amongst the village elders. Many aspects have to be considered, amongst others to make sure that everyone summoned will be able to attend. As a general rule, a season of good rice-harvests is likely to be followed by some tina’uh’s. This was the case in 1998. Though vast parts of the country suffered from an exceptionally long draught, in the heart of Sabah, the harvest was extraordinary.

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The Murut costume for women is a short, black, sleeveless blouse and a long, black skirt decorated with colorful beads.

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The Murut costume for women is a short, black, sleeveless blouse and a long, black skirt decorated with colorful beads.

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Pinongkolo
Traditional costume of women comprising a blouse and a long wrap-skirt of black cotton, and decorated with beadwork. The decorated blouse is called babaru linantian and the wrap-skirt tapi’ linantian.
Pipirot
Belts of silver coins (pipirot linggit) and various type of beads. Most popular being the aki' nampalur, kotos, bungkas, aki’ and olod.
Salupai
A headdress of several rows beads. When there are many strings, there are shaped into a round skullcap. The salupai functions as a support for the sinikot.
Sinikot
A set of three hairpins, with the sinikot tataun in the middle and two sinikot surai on both side of the hairbun. The larger sinikot tataun has the longest strings of tiny beads floating downwards to the middle of the back.
Rarangkol
Necklaces of various types of beads usually in certain order according to the length: bungkas, kotos, aki’ pangungupu’, bulul and olod, etc.
Holong
A pair of bracelets. If made from shell (probably the shell of the giant sea calm), they are called holong silou.