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1. Even high-functioning adults with autism, including those with Asperger Syndrome have a significant problem with their theory of mind. They find it hard to read mental states in other people.
2. The Eyes Task is a valid test of theory of mind suitable for high-functioning adults with autism.

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In the control tasks all groups performed normally, but in the eyes task the autism group did significally worse than the 2 control groups.

1. Autism = mean score of 16.3 out of 25, range of scores 13-23

2. Normal = mean score of 20.3 out of 25, range of scores 16-25

3. Tourettes = mean score of 20.4 out of 25, range of scores 16-25

Normal subjects eye task had a gender difference with women performing better than men (mean score of 21.8 compared to 18.8

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A summary of Baron-Cohen's (1997) study. For students following the OCR AS-level psychology syllabus.

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25 black and white photographs of eyes shown for 3 seconds each and the participant was asked to chose the emotion from 2 mental states.
Control tasks: 1. Gender Recognition task - are the eyes male or female?
2. Basic emotion recognition task - identify basic emotions in photographs of a whole face.
Validation of the Eyes Task - Tourette's and Autistic participants also took park in Happe's Strange Stories test to test that the eyes test does measure their theory of mind ability.

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Tourette's Syndrome: a condition that, like autism, is usually diagnosed in childhood, and can cause severe disruption to education and peer relations. The main symptom is tics or involuntary movements. These can include vocal tics in which the patient involuntarily says socially inappropriate things.
Happe's Strange Stories: fairly advanced test for theory of mind, aimed at older children. It involves asking children questions about the emotions and intentions of characters in unfamiliar stories

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To test whether high-functioning adults with autism and Asperger Syndrome would struggle with a new and more difficult test for theory of mind.
To test whether high-functioning adults with autistic  spectrum disorders struggle to identify emotions from photographs of eyes.

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Autism group consisting of 13 men and 3 women of normal intelligence with high-functioning autism. Volunteer sample recruited through their doctors in response to a magazine advert.
Control group of 25 men and 25 women with no autism diagnosis, all assumed to be of normal IQ.
Tourette's Syndrome group of 8 men and 2 women as a second control group because it has similar symptoms to Autism so can test if theory of mind is specifically a problem with autism.