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		Morphological & Molecular Analysis of Sponge and Bitter Gourd
	

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		Morphological & Molecular Analysis of Sponge and Bitter Gourd
	

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Morphological and Molecular Analysis Using RAPD in Biofield Treated Sponge and Bitter Gourd

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Plants are known to have sense and ca respond to touch, electric and magnetic field. The present study was designed on the sponge gourd (Luffa cylindrica) and bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) seeds with respect to biofield energy treatment.

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		Morphological & Molecular Analysis of Sponge and Bitter Gourd
	

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		Morphological & Molecular Analysis of Sponge and Bitter Gourd
	

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| The present study was designed on the sponge gourd (Luffa cylindrica) and bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) seeds with respect to Mr. Trivedi's biofield energy treatment.

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		OSF | Analysis of Biofield Energy Treated Aminopyridine
	

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		OSF | Analysis of Biofield Energy Treated Aminopyridine
	

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The study to check mass spectrometry analysis of isotopic abundance of 13c, 2h, or 15n in biofield energy treated aminopyridine.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Isotopic Abundance of 13C, 2H, or 15N in Biofield Energy Treated Aminopyridine Derivatives

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
2-Aminopyridine (2-AP) and 2,6-diaminopyridine (2,6-DAP) are two derivatives of aminopyridines that act as an important organic intermediates, mostly used in medicines, dyes and organic sensors. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of biofield energy treatment on isotopic abundance ratios of 2H/1H, 13C/12C, or 15N/14N, in aminopyridine derivatives using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).

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		Analyze Human Biofield Treatment on Manganese Sulfide Powder
	

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		Analyze Human Biofield Treatment on Manganese Sulfide Powder
	

# data[].attributes.body
The study conducted by Mahendra Kumar Trivedi and research team, to evaluate the characterization of atomic and physical properties of biofield energy treated manganese sulfide powder.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Characterization of Atomic and Physical Properties of Biofield Energy Treated Manganese Sulfide Powder

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Manganese sulfide (MnS) is known for its wide applications in solar cell, opto-electronic devices, and photochemical industries. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of biofield energy treatment on the atomic and physical properties of MnS. The MnS powder sample was equally divided into two parts, referred as to be control and to be treated.

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		Characterization of Biofield Energy Treated Acid Hydrolysate
	

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		Characterization of Biofield Energy Treated Acid Hydrolysate
	

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Physicochemical Characterization of Biofield Energy Treated Hi VegTM Acid Hydrolysate

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The hydrolysed vegetable proteins are acidic or enzymatic hydrolytic product of proteins derived from various sources such as milk, meat or vegetables. The current study was designed to evaluate the impact of biofield energy treatment on the various physicochemical and spectra properties of Hi vegTM acid hydrolysate i.e. a hydrolysed vegetable protein.

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		OSF | Properties of Biofield Treated Lithium Powder
	

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		OSF | Properties of Biofield Treated Lithium Powder
	

# data[].attributes.body
A test conducted by Mahendra Trivedi and Team, to assess the physical, atomic and thermal properties of biofield treated lithium powder.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Physical, Atomic and Thermal Properties of Biofield Treated Lithium Powder

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Lithium has gained extensive attention in medical science due to mood stabilizing activity. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment on physical, atomic, and thermal properties of lithium powder. The lithium powder was divided into two parts i.e., control and treatment.

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		OSF | Biofield Energy Treated p-Phenylenediamine
	

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		OSF | Biofield Energy Treated p-Phenylenediamine
	

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		Biofield Energy Effect on Properties of Tellurium Powder
	

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		Biofield Energy Effect on Properties of Tellurium Powder
	

# data[].attributes.body
A study to evaluate the atomic, physical and thermal properties of tellurium powder after an impact of human biofield energy treatment.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Evaluation of Atomic, Physical and Thermal Properties of Tellurium Powder: Impact of Biofield Energy Treatment

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Tellurium has gained significant attention due to its photoconductivity, piezoelectricity, and thermo conductivity properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of biofield energy treatment on thermal, physical and atomic properties of tellurium powder. The tellurium powder was equally divided in two parts: control and treated (T).

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		Biofield Treated Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella oxytoca
	

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		Biofield Treated Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella oxytoca
	

# data[].attributes.body
The study to investigate the impact of biofield treatment on multidrug resistant strain of K.oxytoca with respect to antibiogram pattern along with biochemical study and biotype number.

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		Biofield Treated Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella oxytoca
	

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		Biofield Treated Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella oxytoca
	

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		Biofield Energy Treated p-Chlorobenzophenone | OSF
	

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		Biofield Energy Treated p-Chlorobenzophenone | OSF
	

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The study to check the physicochemical and spectroscopic characteristics of biofield energy treated p-chlorobenzophenone.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
P-Chlorobenzophenone (p-CBP) is the important chemical intermediate used for the synthesis of several pharmaceutical drugs like fenofibrate, cetirizine, alprazolam, and benzodiazepine. The aim of this study was set to evaluate the impact of biofield energy treatment on physicochemical and spectroscopic properties of p-CBP. The study was accomplished in two groups i.e.

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		Biofield Energy Treated Providencia rettgeri | OSF
	

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		Biofield Energy Treated Providencia rettgeri | OSF
	

# data[].attributes.body
The study to analyze the antibiogram, biochemical reactions and biotyping of biofield energy treated providencia rettgeri.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Antibiogram, Biochemical Reactions and Biotyping of Biofield Treated Providencia rettgeri

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Providencia rettgeri (P. rettgeri) is the key organism for gastrointestinal tract infections due to its high virulence properties. The current study was designed to investigate the effect of Mr. Trivedi's biofield energy treatment on P. rettgeri in lyophilized as well as revived state for antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, biochemical characteristics, and biotype number.

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		Biofield | Human Immunodeficiency-1 and Cytomegalo Viruses
	

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		Biofield | Human Immunodeficiency-1 and Cytomegalo Viruses
	

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of Mahendra Trivedi's biofield enrgy treatment on HIV-1 and HCMV in terms of viral loads as surrogate marker.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
In vitro Evaluation of Biofield Treatment on Viral Load Against Human Immunodeficiency-1 and Cytomegalo Viruses

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Viral load quantification is the amount of particular viral DNA or RNA in a blood samples. It is one of the surrogate biomarker of AIDS. High viral load indicates that the immune system is failed to fight against viruses.

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		OSF | Biofield Energy Treated N,N-Dimethylformamide
	

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		OSF | Biofield Energy Treated N,N-Dimethylformamide
	

# data[].attributes.body
The study to assess the physicochemical and spectroscopic properties of DMF after the biofield energy treatment using different analytical techniques.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) is a 'universal' solvent and has wide variety of applications in organic synthesis, purification, crystallization, and as cross-linking agent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical and spectroscopic properties of DMF after the biofield energy treatment using various analytical techniques.

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		Energy Healing Medicine Against Escherichia coli | OSF
	

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		Energy Healing Medicine Against Escherichia coli | OSF
	

# data[].attributes.body
The study to analyze the antimicrobial susceptibility, biochemical reaction and biotyping of using energy healing medicine against Escherichia coli.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Use of Energy Healing Medicine Against Escherichia coli for Antimicrobial Susceptibility, Biochemical Reaction and Biotyping

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Escherichia coli (E. coli) infections are the major health concern, as it causes infections in human mainly in urinary tract, ear, and wound infections. The present study evaluates the impact of biofield energy treatment on E. coli regarding antimicrobial sensitivity assay, biochemical study and biotype number.

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		Biofield Energy Treated Potato Micropropagation Medium
	

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		Biofield Energy Treated Potato Micropropagation Medium
	

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The study to check the physical, thermal, and spectroscopic characterization of biofield energy treated potato micropropagation medium.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Physical, Thermal, and Spectroscopic Characterization of Biofield Energy Treated Potato Micropropagation Medium

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Potato Micropropagation Medium (PMM) is the growth medium used for in vitro micropropagation of potato tubers. The present study was intended to assess the effect of biofield energy treatment on the physical, thermal and spectroscopic properties of PMM. The study was attained in two groups i.e. control and treated.

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		Chitosan and Sodium Alginate after Biofield Treatment
	

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		Chitosan and Sodium Alginate after Biofield Treatment
	

# data[].attributes.body
A study to check the impact of biofield energy treatment on characterization of physicochemical and thermal properties of chitosan and sodium alginate.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Characterization of Physicochemical and Thermal Properties of Chitosan and Sodium Alginate after Biofield Treatment

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Chitosan (CS) and sodium alginate (SA) are two widely popular biopolymers which are used for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications from many years. The objective of present study was to study the effect of biofield treatment on physical, chemical and thermal properties of CS and SA. The study was performed in two groups (control and treated).

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		Biofield Energy Treated 4-Bromoacetophenone | OSF
	

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		Biofield Energy Treated 4-Bromoacetophenone | OSF
	

# data[].attributes.body
A test to investigate the characterization of physico-chemical and spectroscopic properties of biofield energy treated 4-bromoacetophenone.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Characterization of Physico-Chemical and Spectroscopic Properties of Biofield Energy Treated 4-Bromoacetophenone

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
4-Bromoacetophenone is an acetophenone derivative known for its usefulness in organic coupling reactions and various biological applications. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of biofield energy treatment on 4- bromoacetophenone using various analytical methods. The material is divided into two groups for this study i.e.

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		Effect of Biofield Energy Treated Energized Water | OSF
	

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		Effect of Biofield Energy Treated Energized Water | OSF
	

# data[].attributes.body
The study to analyze the effect of biofield treated energized water on the growth and health status in chicken (gallus gallus domesticus).

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Effect of Biofield Treated Energized Water on the Growth and Health Status in Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus)

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The current study was attempted to investigate the effect of Mr. Trivedi's biofield energy treated energized water on chicken. The total 4200 chicks were equally divided into two groups i.e. control and treated. The biofield treated energized water was provided to the treated chicks, while the control chicks were drunk with standard drinking water.

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		Biofield | Impact on Staphylococcus saprophyticus | OSF
	

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		Biofield | Impact on Staphylococcus saprophyticus | OSF
	

# data[].attributes.body
Analyze the study and know more about the antimicrobial sensitivity, biochemical characteristics and biotyping of biofield energy treated Staphylococcus saprophyticus.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Antimicrobial Sensitivity, Biochemical Characteristics and Biotyping of Staphylococcus saprophyticus: An Impact of Biofield Energy Treatment

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Staphylococcus saprophyticus (S. saprophyticus) is a frequent cause of urinary tract infection in the young women. The current study was designed to analyze the effect of biofield energy treatment on S. saprophyticus for evaluation of its antibiogram profile, biochemical reactions pattern and biotyping characteristics.

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		Atomic, Physical and Thermal Properties Indium Powder | OSF
	

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		Atomic, Physical and Thermal Properties Indium Powder | OSF
	

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| The objective of this research was to investigate the influence of the biofield energy treatment on the atomic, physical and thermal properties of the indium.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Potential Impact of Biofield Energy Treatment on the Atomic, Physical and Thermal Properties Indium Powder

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Indium has gained significant attention in the semiconductor industries due to its unique thermal and optical properties. The objective of this research was to investigate the influence of the biofield energy treatment on the atomic, physical and thermal properties of the indium. The study was performed in two groups (control and treated).

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		Atomic, Physical and Thermal Properties Indium Powder | OSF
	

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		Atomic, Physical and Thermal Properties Indium Powder | OSF
	

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	Biofield Treatment's Impact on Properties of Cellulose and Cellulose Acetate
	

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	Biofield Treatment's Impact on Properties of Cellulose and Cellulose Acetate
	

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Cellulose being an excellent biopolymer has cemented its place firmly in many industries as a coating material, textile, composites, and biomaterial applications. In the present study, Mr. Trivedi and the research team assess the effect of biofield treatment on physicochemical properties of cellulose and cellulose acetate.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Trivedi Global Inc., 10624 S Eastern Avenue Suite A-969, Henderson, NV 89052, USA

*Corresponding Author:

Shrikant Patil
Trivedi Global Inc.
10624 S Eastern Avenue Suite A-969
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Tel: +1 602-531-5400
E-mail: [email protected]

Received Date: June 03, 2015; Accepted Date: July 27, 2015; Published Date: August 07, 2015

Citation: Trivedi MK, Nayak G, Patil S, Tallapragada RM, Mishra R (2015) Impact of Biofield Treatment on Chemical and Thermal Properties of Cellulose and Cellulose Acetate. J Bioengineer & Biomedical Sci 5:162. doi:10.4172/2155-9538.1000162

Copyright: © 2015 Trivedi MK, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Visit for more related articles at Journal of Bioengineering & Biomedical Science

Abstract

Cellulose being an excellent biopolymer has cemented its place firmly in many industries as a coating material, textile, composites, and biomaterial applications. In the present study, we have investigated the effect of biofield treatment on physicochemical properties of cellulose and cellulose acetate. The cellulose and cellulose acetate were exposed to biofield and further the chemical and thermal properties were investigated. X-ray diffraction study asserted that the biofield treatment did affect the crystalline nature of cellulose. The percentage of crystallite size was found increased significantly in treated cellulose by 159.83%, as compared to control sample. This showed that biofield treatment was changing the crystalline nature of treated cellulose. However treated cellulose acetate showed a reduction in crystallite size (-17.38%) as compared to control sample. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) of treated cellulose showed no improvement in melting temperature as compared to control sample. Contrarily cellulose acetate showed significant improvement in melting temperature peak at 351.91ºC as compared to control (344ºC) polymer. Moreover percentage change in latent heat of fusion (ΔH) was calculated from the DSC thermogram of both treated and control polymers. A significant increase in percentage ΔH of both treated cellulose (59.09%) and cellulose acetate (105.79%) polymers indicated that biofield treatment enhanced the thermal stability of the treated polymers. CHNSO analysis revealed a significant change in percentage hydrogen and oxygen of treated cellulose (%H-17.77, %O-16.89) and cellulose acetate (%H-5.67, %O-13.41). Though minimal change was observed in carbon percentage of both treated cellulose (0.29%) and cellulose acetate (0.39%) polymers as compared to their respective control samples. Thermo gravimetric analysis and Differential thermo gravimetric (TGA-DTG) analysis of treated cellulose acetate (353ºC) showed increased maximum thermal decomposition temperature as compared to control polymer (351ºC). This showed the higher thermal stability of the treated cellulose acetate polymer; although the maximum thermal decomposition temperature of treated cellulose (248ºC) was decreased as compared to control cellulose (321ºC). These outcomes confirmed that biofield treatment has changed the physicochemical properties of the cellulose polymers.

Keywords

Biofield treatment; Cellulose; Cellulose acetate; XRD; DSC; TGA; CHNSO

Introduction

Polymer based materials; especially naturally occurring biopolymers have been widely used as biomaterials for tissue engineering, artificial skin, wound healing, sutures, tissue constructs, gene delivery, and drug delivery [ 1]. Cellulose is one of the most abundant naturally occurring biopolymer on earth [ 2- 3]. Several naturally occurring fibers including cotton; and higher plants contain cellulose as their main constituent [ 4- 5]. It consists of long chains of anhydro-D-glucopyranose units (AGU); each cellulose molecule possesses three hydroxyl groups per AGU, with an exception of terminal ends. Cellulose is insoluble in water and in most commonly used organic solvents [ 3], the poor solubility of cellulose is attributed to strong inter and intra-molecular hydrogen bonding between the individual chains [ 2].

Cellulose based materials are being employed as components of scaffolds for bone regeneration (Gengiflex ®), artificial blood vessel (BASYC ®), temporary skin substitutes (Biofill ®), hemodialysis membranes (Cuprophan ® and Fresenius Polysulfone ®) and controlled drug release systems [ 6- 10]. In chronic wound dressing, it has provided the moist environment for optimal wound healing due to its ability to absorb water directly into its fibers (AQUACEL ® and Cellstick ® ) [ 11]. Recently, cellulose has been proposed to be used as a dialysis membrane for bio artificial pancreas and immuno-isolation of islet transplantation [ 12].

Cellulose acetate is the ester of cellulose, which is utilized in the production of high-quality fiber mats. Cellulose acetate confers excellent thermal and mechanical properties, which make it an excellent material for diverse applications in engineering, plastics, and biomaterials [ 13- 15]. Ye et al. attempted to prove that the proper surface modification of cellulose acetate can make it fascinating for biomaterial applications [ 16]. Chemical modification of cellulose was performed to improve processability and to produce cellulose derivatives (cellulosic), which can be tailored to specific industrial applications [ 17].

Biofield is a cumulative effect, induced by particular human body on external surroundings. Mr. Trivedi is well known to transform the physical and structural properties at the atomic level of the various living and non-living things through his unique biofield. We have previously reported that Mr. Trivedi's biofield, herein referred as Biofield treatment, has significantly enhanced the structural, atomic and thermal properties of transition metals, metal oxides, ceramics and carbon allotropes [ 18- 26].

It was observed that in various ceramic and metal powders, the biofield exposure had substantially changed the lattice parameter, unit cell volume, density, crystallite size and molecular weight. For example, the biofield treatment had increased the particle size by 21.1% in zirconium oxide which was never been observed in case of ceramics and it was postulated that biofield had caused deformation of the crystals without activating the fracture paths [ 24]. Additionally, biofield has significantly enhanced the yield and quality of various agriculture products [ 27- 30]. Moreover, Mr. Trivedi's biofield has caused changes in the antibiotic susceptibility patterns as well as produced biochemical reactions that induced changes in the characteristics of pathogenic microbes [ 31- 33]. Furthermore biofield has significantly improved the growth and anatomical characteristics of herb Pogostemon cablin [ 34].

Having inspired by excellent properties of cellulose and cellulose acetate, we put an attempt to modify the physicochemical parameters of cellulose polymers through biofield treatment, which were characterized for their physicochemical properties by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) and CHNSO analysis.

Materials and Methods

The powdered sample of cellulose and cellulose acetate were procured from Sigma Aldrich, USA. The procured samples of both the polymers were divided into two parts; one was kept as a control sample, while the other was subjected to Mr. Trivedi's biofield treatment and coded as treated sample.

Characterization of Physicochemical Parameters
CHNSO analysis
The control and treated cellulose and cellulose acetate samples were analyzed using CHNSO Analyzer, Model Flash EA 1112 series, Thermo Finnigan, Italy.
X-ray diffraction (XRD) study
The XRD study of both the cellulose and cellulose acetate powder (control and treated) samples were analyzed by using a Phillips Holland PW 1710 X-ray diffractometer system. A copper anode with nickel filter was used. The wavelength of the radiation was 1.54056 ?. The obtained data was used for calculation of crystallite size using the following formula.

Crystallite size=kλ/b cos θ

Where λ is the wavelength and k is the equipment constant (0.94).
Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)
The DSC data of cellulose and cellulose acetate (control and treated) samples were analyzed by using Pyris-6 differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) (Perkin Elmer, USA), at a heating rate of 10ºC/min with a nitrogen flow of 5 mL/min.
Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA)
The thermal stability of the cellulose and cellulose acetate samples (control and treated) were analyzed by using a Metller Toledo simultaneous thermo gravimetric analyzer and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The samples were heated from room temperature to 400°C with a heating rate of 5°C/min under oxygen atmosphere.

Results
CHNSO analysis
The control and treated polymer samples were subjected to CHNSO analysis and data are summarized in ( Table 1). The control cellulose sample showed the similar amount of carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen as reported previously [ 35]. The treated cellulose polymer showed a very minimal increase in the percentage of carbon (0.27%) as compared to control sample. Whereas the significant amount of increased percentage of hydrogen (17.77%) and oxygen (16.89%) was observed in treated cellulose as compared to control polymer. However, no nitrogen trace was observed in treated cellulose and cellulose acetate, which showed purity of the samples. The treated cellulose acetate showed an increased (0.39%) percentage of carbon as compared to control. The hydrogen and oxygen percentage in treated cellulose acetate increased significantly by 5.67% and 13.41% as compared to control polymer. This showed that biofield had changed the elemental composition (C, H and O) of the treated cellulose and cellulose acetate polymers.

Table 1: CHNSO analysis of cellulose and cellulose acetate.
X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis
The XRD studies were conducted on both the control and treated (cellulose and cellulose acetate), and the data are illustrated in [ Figure 1 (1a, 1b, 1c and 1d)]. The XRD diffractogram of control cellulose showed well-defined crystalline peaks ( Figure 1a) at 2θ equals to 16.69° and 34.37°, which corroborated its crystalline nature. Similarly, the treated cellulose also showed ( Figure 1b) two crystalline peaks at 2θ equals to 16.27° and 22.53°, which supported the crystalline nature of treated cellulose. According to Wada et al. the peak at 2θ equals to 16.27°, and 22.53° reflection could be assigned to (110) and (200) crystallographic plane, respectively [ 36].

Contrarily, cellulose acetate (control) showed ( Figure 1c) more semi-crystalline nature [ 37, 38] as evidenced from two peaks at 2θ equals to 10.50° and 13.13°. However, XRD diffractogram of treated cellulose acetate have not showed ( Figure 1d) any significant change in peak position.
Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)
DSC thermogram of control and treated polymers (cellulose and cellulose acetate) are presented in [ Figure 2]. ( Figure 2a and 2b) showed a sharp endothermic inflection at 328.51°C and 328.32°C due to the melting temperature peak of control ( Figure 2a) and treated cellulose ( Figure 2b), respectively. The higher melting temperature of cellulose material correlated to its high thermal stability. Figure 2c and 2d showed endothermic peaks at 344.14°C and 351.91°C, which was ascribed to melting temperature of control and treated cellulose acetate, respectively. These observed endothermic peak of control ( Figure 2c) and treated cellulose acetate ( Figure 2d) were much higher than melting temperature reported by Scott [ 39], Valente et al. [ 40], and Kee et al. for cellulose acetate polymer [ 41]. The high melting peak of the treated cellulose acetate was mainly due to excellent thermal stability as compared to control cellulose acetate.
Thermo gravimetric analysis/differential thermal analysis (TGA/DTA):
The TGA/DTA thermogram of control and treated cellulose samples are illustrated in ( Figures 3a and 3b), respectively. TGA thermogram of control cellulose exhibited ( Figure 3a) single step thermal degradation pattern at 280-360°C where sample lost 69.71% of its original polymer weight. The maximum decomposition temperature (Tmax) of control cellulose was observed at 321.22°C, which was relatively higher than previously reported value by Rescignano et al. [ 42]. However, after biofield exposure, a decrease was observed in maximum decomposition temperature of treated cellulose (248°C) as compared to the control sample ( Figure 3b).

Figures 3c and 3d showed the TGA thermogram of control and treated cellulose acetate. The control cellulose acetate ( Figure 3c) sample showed multi-step thermal degradation pattern: polymer started to degrade at 230°C and ended at 290°C, with sample loss of 24.99%; the second thermal decomposition event started at 310°C and terminated at 370°C with sample loss of 68.08% from its original polymer weight. Differential thermo gravimetric (DTG) of control cellulose acetate showed maximum decomposition temperature (Tmax) at 351°C. Contrarily, the biofield exposed cellulose acetate showed ( Figure 3d) single step thermal decomposition pattern (320-390°C) with 87% of weight loss.

Discussion

It was previously suggested that the degree of cellulose crystallinity is one of the most important crystalline structure parameters. The rigidity of cellulose increases with tight inter crystalline packing and their flexibility decreases with increasing ratio of crystalline to amorphous form. Moreover, the free -OH group along the macromolecule chain of cellulose are involved in a number of inter/intra molecular hydrogen bonding, which may assist in the formation of various long range ordered crystalline planes [ 43]. The crystalline cellulose is mainly present in four different polymorphic forms (I, II, III, and IV) in nature. On the basis of different investigations, previously it was suggested that cellulose I α has one chain triclinic structure, and cellulose I β has two chains monoclinic structure.

In the present work, the crystallite size was calculated from the X-ray diffractogram of the control and treated cellulose sample ( Table 2). The calculated crystallite size for control cellulose was 10.72 nm, which was increased up to 27.85 nm in treated cellulose. This increase in crystallite size enhanced the crystallinity indices because the crystalline surface corresponding to amorphous cellulose regions disappeared. The percentage crystallite size in treated cellulose was significantly increased by 159.83% as compared to control polymer which confirmed that biofield was significantly alleviating the crystalline pattern of cellulose. It was previously demonstrated that cellulose can be converted into a more crystalline stable form by a variety of treatments.

Table 2: Percentage crystallite size of cellulose and cellulose acetate.

DSC analysis is an important technique to measure the glass transition, melting temperature and change in latent heat of fusion of different materials. The DSC result of treated cellulose showed similar melting temperature (328.51ºC) as showed by the control polymer (328.32ºC). However treated cellulose acetate showed a marked increase (7.77°C ± 1ºC) in melting peak as compared to control polymer. These findings clearly showed that exposing cellulose acetate to biofield treatment enhanced the thermal stability of the polymer. We presume that biofield has improved the long-range order or regular pattern of atoms, present in the polymer, which lead to improvement in crystallinity. Hence, more thermal energy was required to disturb the crystalline pattern, which increased the thermal stability of treated cellulose acetate. The treated cellulose showed substantially increased percentage latent heat of fusion (ΔH) 59.09% as compared to control cellulose sample. The increased percentage ΔH of treated cellulose was may be associated with biofield energy absorption by the polymer. The treated cellulose acetate also showed a significant elevation in percentage ΔH of treated cellulose acetate by 105.79%. It was postulated that biofield had caused significant changes in both polymers at the atomic level.

TGA was used to get further insights about the thermal stability of cellulose and cellulose acetate. The maximum decomposition temperature was observed at 353°C based on DTG, which corroborated the improved thermal stability of the treated cellulose acetate as compared to control polymer (351°C); this was well supported by our DSC results.

Cellulose based polymers have been used commonly for wound dressing and tissue regeneration applications. The wound dressing and skin repair materials should have excellent ability to absorb exudates, prevent bacterial infection, inhibit bleeding and maintain proper water, electrolyte balance [ 44]. Nevertheless, due to low strength and elasticity some commercial wound dressings did not satisfy ideal healing requirements as they tend to stick to wound surface or crushed under high stress [ 45]. The cellulose acetate polymer is a hydrophilic polymer with good liquid transport and water absorption abilities. However, poor mechanical and resistance properties limit its applications as a wound dressing material. Hence, in present work cellulose acetate and cellulose were treated with biofield to improve its physicochemical properties. Our XRD and DSC result demonstrated the significant increase in crystalline and thermal properties of these polymers (cellulose and cellulose acetate) after biofield exposure. It was expected that increased crystalline nature and high temperature stability may confer excellent mechanical properties that will be crucial for its wound healing applications.

Conclusion

The present work reports the effect of Mr. Trivedi's biofield on chemical and thermal properties of cellulose based polymers (cellulose and cellulose acetate). The XRD studies revealed well-defined crystalline behavior for both control cellulose and biofield treated sample.

Biofield treated sample showed greater crystallite size as compared to control cellulose, which was quite unexpected, and we hypothesize that biofield was inducing more long range order between the atoms alleviating its crystalline nature. Though a decrease in crystallite size was observed in treated cellulose acetate as compared to control sample.

The DSC thermogram of control cellulose showed no change in melting behavior, on the other hand, treated cellulose acetate showed enhanced melting temperature peak, which revealed the high thermal stability of the respective polymer. CHNSO results corroborated substantial increase in percentage hydrogen and oxygen of treated polymers (cellulose and cellulose acetate) as compared to control sample. TGA analysis confirmed the higher thermal stability of treated cellulose acetate as compared to control; however thermal stability was decreased in treated cellulose as compared to control. Energy from the Biofield treatment that was absorbed by the treated samples might have played an important role that caused a substantial increase in the latent heat of fusion of both the treated samples. Based on the results achieved, we conclude that the biofield treated polymers could play an important role in the applications of wound dressing materials.

Acknowledgements

The authors thank to staff of various laboratories for their constant support in instrumental handling. We also extend our gratitude to Dr. Cheng Dong of NLSC, Institute of Physics, and Chinese academy of Sciences for allowing us to use Powder X software for analyzing XRD data.

References

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19. DabhadeVV ,Tallapragada RR, Trivedi MK (2009) Effect of external energy on atomic crystalline and powder characteristics of antimony and bismuth powders.Bulletin of Materials Science 32:471-479

20. Trivedi MK, Tallapragada RR (2009) Effect of super consciousness external energy on atomic crystalline and powder characteristics of carbon allotrope powders. Materials Research Innovations 13: 473-480.

21. Trivedi MK, Patil S, Tallapragada RM(2012)Thought Intervention through Bio field Changing Metal Powder Characteristics Experiments on Powder Characterization at a PM Plant. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 173: 247-252 .

22. Trivedi MK, Patil S, Tallapragada RM (2013) Effect of Bio field Treatment on the Physical and Thermal Characteristics of Vanadium Pentoxide Powders. Journal of Material Sciences and Engineering

23. Trivedi MK, Patil S,Tallapragada RM (2013) Effect of bio field treatment on the physical and thermal characteristics of Silicon Tin and Lead powders. J MaterialSciEng2:125.

24. Trivedi MK, Patil S, Tallapragada RM(2014) Atomic Crystalline and Powder Characteristics of Treated Zirconia and Silica Powder.Journal of Material Sciences and Engineering 3:144.

25. Trivedi MK, Patil S, Tallapragada RMR (2015) Effect of Bio field Treatment on the Physical and Thermal Characteristics of Aluminium Powders. IndEng Manage 4:151

26. Trivedi MK, Nayak G, Patil S, Tallapragada RM, Latiyal O (2015) Studies of the Atomic and Crystalline Characteristics of Ceramic Oxide Nano Powders after Bio field Treatment. IndEng Manage 4: 161.

27. Shinde V, Sances F, Patil S, Spence A (2012) Impact of Bio field Treatment on Growth and Yield of Lettuce and Tomato. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences6:100.

28. Sances F, Flora E, Patil S, Spence A, Shinde V(2013)Impact of Bio field Treatment on Ginseng and Organic Blueberry Yield.AgrivitaJournal of Agricultural Science 35:22-29

29. Lenssen AW (2013)Bio field and Fungicide Seed Treatment Influences on Soybean Productivity Seed Quality and Weed Community. Agricultural Journal 8:138-143

30. Altekar N, Nayak G (2015) Effect of Bio field Treatment on Plant Growth and Adaptation. Journal of Environment and Health sciences 1:1-9.

31. Trivedi M, S Patil (2008)Impact of an external energy on Staphylococcus epidermis [ATCC -13518] in relation to antibiotic susceptibility and biochemical reactions - An experimental study.Journal of Accord Integrative Medicine 4: 230-235.

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33. Trivedi M, Bhardwaj Y, Patil S, Shettigar H, Bulbule A (2009)Impact of an external energy on Enterococcus faecalis [ATCC - 51299] in relation to antibiotic susceptibility and biochemical reactions - An experimental study. Journal of Accord Integrative Medicine5: 119-130.

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43. Kamal H, Abd-Elrahim FM, Lotfy S (2014) Characterization and some properties of cellulose acetate-co-polyethylene oxide blends prepared by the use of gamma irradiation. Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences 7: 146-153

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# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Impact of Biofield Treatment on Chemical and Thermal Properties of Cellulose and Cellulose Acetate

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Trivedi Global Inc., 10624 S Eastern Avenue Suite A-969, Henderson, NV 89052, USA *Corresponding Author: Shrikant Patil Trivedi Global Inc. 10624 S Eastern Avenue Suite A-969 Henderson, NV 89052, USA Tel: +1 602-531-5400 E-mail: [email protected] Received Date: June 03, 2015; Accepted Date: July 27, 2015; Published Date: August 07, 2015 Citation: Trivedi MK, Nayak G, Patil S, Tallapragada RM, Mishra R (2015) Impact of Biofield Treatment on Chemical and Thermal Properties of Cellulose and Cellulose Acetate.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	
	
		 Characteristics of Lithium Powder after Biofield Energy Treatment
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	
	
		 Characteristics of Lithium Powder after Biofield Energy Treatment
	

# data[].attributes.body
Read this open access research article of Mr. Mahendra Kumar Trivedi published under the journal category of advanced chemical engineering on omicsonline.com and know more about the impact of biofield to improve the physical, atomic and thermal properties of Lithium Powder.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.keywords[]
biofield treatment; lithium; x-ray diffraction; differential
scanning calorimetry; thermogravimetric analysis-differential thermal
analysis; scanning electron microscopy; fourier transform infrared
spectroscopy

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Physical, Atomic and Thermal Properties of Biofield Treated Lithium Powder

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Lithium has gained extensive attention in medical science due to mood stabilizing activity. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment on p..

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		Analyze Vibrio parahaemolyticus after The Impact of Biofield  Treatment
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	
	
		Analyze Vibrio parahaemolyticus after The Impact of Biofield  Treatment
	

# data[].attributes.body
For the safety concern of seafood, consumer monitoring of this organism in seafood is very much essential. The current study was undertaken to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment on [ATCC-17802] strain of V. parahaemolyticus for its biochemical characteristics, biotype and 16S rDNA analysis.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.keywords[]
vibrio parahaemolyticus

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Biochemical Differentiation and Molecular Characterization of Biofield Treated

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The recent emergence of the Vibrio parahaemolyticus ( V. parahaemolyticus ) is a pandemic. For the safety concern of seafood, consumer monitoring of this organism in seafood is very much essential. The current study was undertaken to evaluate the impact of Mr. Trivedi's biofield energy treatment on [ATCC-17802] strain of V.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	
	
		 Evaluate The Changes in Properties of Bismuth Oxide Powder
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	
	
		 Evaluate The Changes in Properties of Bismuth Oxide Powder
	

# data[].attributes.body
The present study was designed to evaluate the changes occurred in the atomic, physical, and thermal properties of bismuth oxide powder after an impact of biofield energy treatment. Read this report in detail to understand the impact of biofield on the Bismuth Oxide Powder.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Evaluation of Atomic, Physical, and Thermal Properties of Bismuth Oxide Powder: An Impact of Biofield Energy Treatment :: Science Publishing Group

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Bismuth oxide (Bi 2 O 3 ) is known for its application in several industries such as solid oxide fuel cells, optoelectronics, gas sensors and optical coatings. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of biofield energy treatment on the atomic, physical, and thermal properties of Bi 2 O 3 .

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	
	 Biofield Energy Effect on SFRE 199-1 Mammalian Cell Culture Medium
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	
	 Biofield Energy Effect on SFRE 199-1 Mammalian Cell Culture Medium
	

# data[].attributes.body
A test conducted by Mr. Mahendra Kumar Trivedi and the research team to investigate the effect of biofield energy treatment on the physical, thermal, and spectral properties of SFRE 199-1 Mammalian Cell Culture Medium.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Effect of Biofield Treatment on Physical, Thermal, and Spectral Properties of SFRE 199-1 Mammalian Cell Culture Medium :: Science Publishing Group

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
SFRE 199-1 medium (SFRE-M) is important mammalian cell culture medium, used for the culture of primary cells of mammals such as baboon kidney cells. The present study was attempted to evaluate the impact of biofield energy treatment on the physical, thermal and spectral properties of SFRE-M.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	
	 Biofield Energy Evaluation on Characteristics of Selenium Powder
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	
	 Biofield Energy Evaluation on Characteristics of Selenium Powder
	

# data[].attributes.body
Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element, and its deficiency in the humans leads to increase the risk of various diseases, such as cancer and heart diseases. The study performed to investigate the influence of biofield energy treatment on the physical and thermal properties of the selenium powder.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.keywords[]
thermogravimetric analysis - differential thermal analysis

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Evaluation of Biofield Energy Treatment on Physical and Thermal Characteristics of Selenium Powder :: Science Publishing Group

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element, and its deficiency in the humans leads to increase the risk of various diseases, such as cancer and heart diseases. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of biofield energy treatment on the physical and thermal properties of the selenium powder.

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		Biofield Energy Treated Mustard, Cowpea, Horse Gram, and Groundnuts
	

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		Biofield Energy Treated Mustard, Cowpea, Horse Gram, and Groundnuts
	

# data[].attributes.body
The study conducted by Mahendra Kumar Trivedi and the research team to check the agronomic characteristics, growth analysis, and yield response of human biofield energy treated mustard, cowpea, horse gram, and groundnuts.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Agronomic Characteristics, Growth Analysis, and Yield Response of Biofield Treated Mustard, Cowpea, Horse Gram, and Groundnuts :: Science Publishing Group

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Mustard, cowpea, horse gram, and groundnuts are the seasonal pulse crops used as food and fodder in many regions of the world. In the present study, the impact of biofield energy treatment on mustard, cowpea, horse gram, and groundnuts were studied with respect to overall growth, yield, and its related yield attributes.

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		Analysis of Biofield Energy Treated Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
	

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		Analysis of Biofield Energy Treated Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
	

# data[].attributes.body
Cotton is the most important crop for the production of fiber that plays a key role in economic and social affairs. Study the report and analyze the genetic diversity using simple sequence repeat markers and growth regulator response in biofield treated cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Analysis of Genetic Diversity Using Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) Markers and Growth Regulator Response in Biofield Treated Cotton (

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Cotton is the most important crop for the production of fiber that plays a key role in economic and social affairs. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of biofield energy treatment on cotton seeds regarding its growth, germination of seedling, glutathione (GSH) concentration, indole acetic acid (IAA) content and DNA fingerprinting using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers for polymorphism analysis.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	
	 Biofield Energy Effect on Barium Calcium Tungsten Oxide Properties
	

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	 Biofield Energy Effect on Barium Calcium Tungsten Oxide Properties
	

# data[].attributes.body
Barium calcium tungsten oxide is known for its double perovskite-type crystal structure. The present study was designed to analyze the effect of biofield energy treatment on the physical, atomic, and structural properties of barium calcium tungsten oxide.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.keywords[]
ba₂cawo₆

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Evaluation of Physical and Structural Properties of Biofield Energy Treated Barium Calcium Tungsten Oxide :: Science Publishing Group

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Barium calcium tungsten oxide (Ba 2 CaWO 6 ) is known for its double perovskite-type crystal structure. The present study was designed to see the effect of biofield energy treatment on physical, atomic, and structural properties of Ba 2 CaWO 6 .

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		Analysis of p-Chlorobenzonitrile after Biofield Treatment
	

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		Analysis of p-Chlorobenzonitrile after Biofield Treatment
	

# data[].attributes.body
The present study was designed to analyze the influence of Biofield energy treatment on the physical, thermal, and spectroscopic properties of p-Chlorobenzonitrile. The analysis was done by dividing the p-CBN samples into two groups that served as control and treated.

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	Influence of Biofield Energy Treatment on 1,2,3-Trimethoxybenzene
	

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	Influence of Biofield Energy Treatment on 1,2,3-Trimethoxybenzene
	

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Mr. Mahendra Trivedi and his research team planned to investigate the influence of Biofield energy treatment on physical, thermal and spectral properties of 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Physical, Thermal and Spectral Properties of Biofield Treated 1,2,3-Trimethoxybenzene | PubFacts.com

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Study background: 1,2,3-Trimethoxybenzene is an important compound used for the synthesis of chemicals and pharmaceutical agents. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of biofield energy treatment on the physical, thermal and spectral properties of 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene. Methods: The study was performed by dividing the sample into two groups (control and treated).

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	Biofield | Yield, Quality & Control of Nematode in Carrots
	

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	Biofield | Yield, Quality & Control of Nematode in Carrots
	

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Biofield treatment caused the numerical improvement in yield along with nematode control in carrots however, caused statistically significant increase in Vitamin A content.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Impact of Biofield Treatment on Yield, Quality and Control of Nematode in Carrots

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
This study tested the Null Hypothesis for the effect of biofield treatment when used for control of nematode on carrot crops, Daucus carota , under typical growing conditions in year 2012 at Guadalupe, California, USA.

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		Spectroscopic Properties of Biofield Energy Treated Protose
	

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		Spectroscopic Properties of Biofield Energy Treated Protose
	

# data[].attributes.body
The study data concluded that Mr. Trivedi's biofield energy treatment has a significant impact on the physicochemical and spectral properties of protose. As a result, the biofield treated protose might be more effective as a culture medium than the corresponding control.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Physicochemical and Spectroscopic Properties of Biofield Energy Treated Protose :: Science Publishing Group

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Protose is the enzyme digest of mixed proteins that is recommended for culture media, bulk production of enzymes, antibiotics, toxins, veterinary preparations, etc. This study was proposed to evaluate the effect of biofield energy treatment on the physicochemical and spectroscopic properties of protose. The study was achieved in two groups i.e.

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		Characterization of Biofield Treated Date Palm Callus Initiation Medium
	

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		Characterization of Biofield Treated Date Palm Callus Initiation Medium
	

# data[].attributes.body
The study to check and analyze the impact of biofield energy treatment on the characterization of physical, thermal and spectral properties of Date Palm Callus Initiation Medium which could be used as a better medium for plant tissue culture applications.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Characterization of Physical, Thermal and Spectral Properties of Biofield Treated Date Palm Callus Initiation Medium :: Science Publishing Group

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The date palm is mainly cultivated for the production of sweet fruit. Date palm callus initiation medium (DPCIM) is used for plant tissue culture applications. The present work is intended to evaluate the impact of Mr. Trivedi's biofield energy treatment on physical, thermal and spectral properties of the DPCIM.

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		Properties of Biofield Energy Treated Molybdenum Dioxide
	

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		Properties of Biofield Energy Treated Molybdenum Dioxide
	

# data[].attributes.body
The study data shows that the Mahendra Trivedi's biofield energy treatment has altered the physical, thermal, and structural properties in Molybdenum Dioxide powder. Therefore, the biofield treatment could be applied to modify the catalytic properties of Molybdenum Dioxide powder in pharmaceutical industries

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Analysis of Physical, Thermal, and Structural Properties of Biofield Energy Treated Molybdenum Dioxide :: Science Publishing Group

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Molybdenum dioxide (MoO 2 ) is known for its catalytic activity toward reforming hydrocarbons. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of biofield energy treatment on physical, thermal, and structural properties in MoO 2 .

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		Studies on Biofield Energy Treated 2,4-Dichlorophenol
	

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		Studies on Biofield Energy Treated 2,4-Dichlorophenol
	

# data[].attributes.body
The study conducted by Mahendra Trivedi and the research team to analyze the biofield energy effect on properties of 2,4-Dichlorophenol. The study data revealed the impact of biofield energy treatment on the physical and thermal properties of the 2,4-Dichlorophenol sample.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Studies on Physicochemical Properties of Biofield Treated 2,4-Dichlorophenol :: Science Publishing Group

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The chlorinated phenols are widely used in chemical industries for the manufacturing of herbicides, insecticides, etc. However, due to consistent use they create hazards to the environment. This study was designed to use an alternative method i.e. biofield energy treatment and analyse its impact on the physicochemical properties of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP), which are the important factors related to its degradation.

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		An Experimental Study on Biofield Energy Treated Cotton
	

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		An Experimental Study on Biofield Energy Treated Cotton
	

# data[].attributes.body
Cotton has widespread applications in textile industries due its interesting physicochemical properties. The objective of this study was to check the influence of Mr. Trivedi's biofield energy treatment on the spectral, and thermal properties of the cotton.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Spectral and Thermal Properties of Biofield Energy Treated Cotton :: Science Publishing Group

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Cotton has widespread applications in textile industries due its interesting physicochemical properties. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of biofield energy treatment on the spectral, and thermal properties of the cotton. The study was executed in two groups namely control and treated.

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		A Scientific Study on Biofield Energy Treated Silver Oxide Powder
	

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		A Scientific Study on Biofield Energy Treated Silver Oxide Powder
	

# data[].attributes.body
Silver oxide has gained significant attention due to its antimicrobial activities. Study this scientific study of Mr. Mahendra Kumar Trivedi to check and analyze the potential impact of biofield energy treatment on the physical and thermal properties of Silver Oxide Powder.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
The Potential Impact of Biofield Energy Treatment on the Physical and Thermal Properties of Silver Oxide Powder :: Science Publishing Group

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Silver oxide has gained significant attention due to its antimicrobial activities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of biofield energy treatment on the physical and thermal properties of silver oxide (Ag 2 O). The silver oxide powder was divided into two parts, one part was kept as control and another part was received Mr. Trivedi's biofield energy treatment.

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		Biofield | Journal of Chemical Engineering & Process Technology
	

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		Biofield | Journal of Chemical Engineering & Process Technology
	

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Study this an open access Journal of Chemical Engineering & Process Technology conducted by Mr. Mahendra Kumar Trivedi to evaluate the physical, thermal and spectroscopic characterization of biofield treated p-chloro-m-cresol.

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Physical, Thermal and Spectroscopic Characterization of Biofield Treated p-Chloro-m-cresoln

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
P-Chloro-m-cresol (PCMC) is widely used in pharmaceutical industries as biocide and preservative. However, it faces the problems of solubility in water and photo degradation. The a..

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		Journal of Environmental & Analytical Toxicology | Omicsonline.org
	

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		Journal of Environmental & Analytical Toxicology | Omicsonline.org
	

# data[].attributes.body
A study was performed to use an alternate strategy i.e. biofield energy treatment and analyze its impact on the physicochemical properties of aromatic amine derivatives viz. p-phenylenediamine and p-toluidine. The analysis was done by using XRD, TGA, FT-IR, and UV-Vis spectroscopy.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.keywords[]
biofield energy treatment; p-phenylenediamine;
p-toluidine; x-ray diffraction; surface area analysis; thermogravimetric
analysis; fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; ultraviolet-visible
spectroscopy

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Characterization of Physical, Thermal and Spectroscopic Properties of Biofield Energy Treated p-Phenylenediamine and p-Toluidine

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Aromatic amines and their derivatives are widely used in the production of dyes, cosmetics, medicines and polymers. However, they pose a threat to the environment due to their haza..

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		Tellurium Powder after an Impact of Biofield Energy Treatment
	

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		Tellurium Powder after an Impact of Biofield Energy Treatment
	

# data[].attributes.body
Tellurium has gained a significant attention due to its photoconductivity, piezoelectricity, and thermo conductivity properties. The current study aimed to evaluate the impact of biofield energy treatment on thermal, physical and atomic properties of tellurium powder.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.keywords[]
biofield energy treatment; tellurium; x-ray diffraction;
differential scanning calorimetry; thermogravimetric analysis; fourier
transform infrared spectroscopy

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.keywords[]
dc-dc converter; zero voltage switching (zvs); zero
current switching (zcs); switching losses; full bridge; inverter; duty
cycle; switching period; pulse width modulation (pwm)

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Evaluation of Atomic, Physical and Thermal Properties of Tellurium Powder: Impact of Biofield Energy Treatment

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Tellurium has gained significant attention due to its photoconductivity, piezoelectricity, and thermo conductivity properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of b..

# data[].attributes.headline
Human Biofield Energy Treated Multidrug-resistant Klebsiella oxytoca

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Human Biofield Energy Treated Multidrug-resistant Klebsiella oxytoca

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Read this open access Applied Microbiology research article of Mahendra Kumar Trivedi published on Omicsonline.org to check the characterization of antimicrobial susceptibility profile of biofield energy treated multidrug-resistant klebsiella oxytoca.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.keywords[]
klebsiella oxytoca ; multidrug resistant; antibiogram; biofield treatment; biochemical reactions; biotyping

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Characterization of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of Biofield Treated Multidrug-resistant Klebsiella oxytoca

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Klebsiella are opportunistic pathogens that cause a wide spectrum of severe diseases. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of biofield treatment on multidrug ..

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		Biofield Energy Treated Serratia marcescens | OSF
	

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		Biofield Energy Treated Serratia marcescens | OSF
	

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The current study evaluates the impact of biofield energy treatment on S. marcescens for changes in sensitivity pattern of antimicrobial, biochemical characteristics and biotype number.

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Assessment of Antibiogram of Biofield Energy Treated Serratia marcescens

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Serratia marcescens (S. marcescens) has become an important nosocomial pathogens and increased resistant isolates were reported. The current study evaluates the impact of an alternate energy medicine i.e. Mr. Trivedi's biofield energy treatment on S. marcescens for changes in sensitivity pattern of antimicrobial, biochemical characteristics, and biotype number. S.

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		OSF | Biofield Energy Treatment Effect on Cashew Plant
	

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		OSF | Biofield Energy Treatment Effect on Cashew Plant
	

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A study to check the effect of biofield energy treatment on chlorophyll content, pathological study, and molecular analysis of cashew plant (anacardium occidentale L.).

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Effect of Biofield Energy Treatment on Chlorophyll Content, Pathological Study, and Molecular Analysis of Cashew Plant (Anacardium occidentale L.)

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In the world scenario, India occupies a premier position contributing to about 43 per cent production of the cashew nut (Anacardium occidentale L.) along with export and processing. The aim is to study the impact of biofield energy treatment on selected farms for cashew farming.

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		Biofield Energy Treated Mustard and Chick Pea Seeds | OSF
	

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		Biofield Energy Treated Mustard and Chick Pea Seeds | OSF
	

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A test conducted by mahendra Trivedi and team, to evaluate the plant growth, yield and yield attributes of biofield energy treated mustard (brassica juncea) and chick pea (cicer arietinum) seeds.

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Evaluation of Plant Growth, Yield and Yield Attributes of Biofield Energy Treated Mustard (Brassica juncea) and Chick Pea (Cicer arietinum) Seeds

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The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of Mr. Trivedi's biofield energy treatment on mustard (Brassica juncea) and chick pea (Cicer arietinum) for their growth, yield, and yield attributes. Both the samples were divided into two groups.

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		OSF | Influence of Human Biofield on Dichlorophenol Isomers
	

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		OSF | Influence of Human Biofield on Dichlorophenol Isomers
	

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he study to check the influence of human biofield energy on determination of isotopic abundance of 2h, 13c, 18o, and 37cl in dichlorophenol isomers. Read more about biofield on https://goo.gl/JJ1c3M

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Determination of Isotopic Abundance of 2H, 13C, 18O, and 37Cl in Biofield Energy Treated Dichlorophenol Isomers

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2,4-Dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) and 2,6-dichlorophenol (2,6-DCP) are two isomers of dichlorophenols, have been used as preservative agents for wood, paints, vegetable fibers and as intermediates in the production of pharmaceuticals and dyes. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of biofield energy treatment on the isotopic abundance ratios of 2H/1H or 13C/12C, and 18O/16O or 37Cl/35Cl, in dichlorophenol isomers using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).

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		OSF | Calcium Carbide and Praseodymium Oxide | Publication
	

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		OSF | Calcium Carbide and Praseodymium Oxide | Publication
	

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The study to investigate the effect of biofield energy treatment on physical and structural properties of calcium carbide and praseodymium oxide.

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Effect of Biofield Energy Treatment on Physical and Structural Properties of Calcium Carbide and Praseodymium Oxide

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Calcium carbide (CaC2) is known for its wide applications in the production of acetylene and calcium cyanamide, whereas praseodymium Oxide (Pr6O11) is used in sensors and high-temperature pigments. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of biofield energy treatment on the physical and structural properties of CaC2 and Pr6O11 powder.

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		Biofield | An Open Access Study on 4-Methylbenzoic Acid
	

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		Biofield | An Open Access Study on 4-Methylbenzoic Acid
	

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Read this an open access research article of Mahendra trivedi and know more about the physicochemical and spectral characterization of biofield energy treated 4-methylbenzoic acid.

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Physicochemical and Spectral Characterization of Biofield Energy Treated 4-Methylbenzoic Acid

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The present study was aimed to analyse the impact of biofield energy treatment on the physicochemical and spectral properties of 4-MBA. The compound was divided into two parts which are referred as the control and treated sample. The treated sample was subjected to Mr. Trivedi's biofield energy treatment and analysed with respect to the control sample.

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		Biofield | Impact on Murashige & Skoog Plant Cell Culture Media
	

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		Biofield | Impact on Murashige & Skoog Plant Cell Culture Media
	

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A test to investigate the physical, thermal, and spectroscopic characterization of biofield energy treated murashige and skoog plant cell culture media.

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Physical, Thermal, and Spectroscopic Characterization of Biofield Energy Treated Murashige and Skoog Plant Cell Culture Media

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The Murashige and Skoog medium (MS media) is a chemically defined and widely used as a growth medium for plant tissue culture techniques. The present study was attempted to evaluate the impact of biofield energy treatment on the physical, thermal, and spectral properties of MS media.

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		OSF : Peptone & Malmgren Modified Terrestrial Orchid Medium
	

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		OSF : Peptone & Malmgren Modified Terrestrial Orchid Medium
	

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A study to evaluate the physicochemical properties of biofield treated peptone and malmgren modified terrestrial orchid medium.

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Physicochemical Evaluation of Biofield Treated Peptone and Malmgren Modified Terrestrial Orchid Medium

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Peptone and Malmgren modified terrestrial orchid (MMTO) has been used as a growth medium for tissue culture applications. This research study was conducted to explore the influence of Mr. Trivedi's biofield energy treatment on physicochemical properties of peptone and MMTO. The study was performed in two groups i.e. control and treated.

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		Biofield Energy Treated Calcium Carbonate Powder | OSF
	

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		Biofield Energy Treated Calcium Carbonate Powder | OSF
	

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The study was designed to evaluate the impact of biofield energy treatment on physicochemical characterization of calcium carbonate powder.

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Physicochemical Characterization of Biofield Energy Treated Calcium Carbonate Powder

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Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is widely used in pharmaceutical industries and as a supplement in probiotics. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of biofield energy treatment on the physicochemical properties of the CaCO3. The CaCO3 powder was divided into two parts and referred as control and treated.

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	 Biofield Energy Treatment on Yeast Extract Powder | OSF
	

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	 Biofield Energy Treatment on Yeast Extract Powder | OSF
	

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The study to check the physicochemical and spectroscopic characterization of yeast extract powder after an impact of biofield energy treatment.

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Physicochemical and Spectroscopic Characterization of Yeast Extract Powder After the Biofield Energy Treatment

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Yeast extract powder (YE powder) is particularly used in culture media for the cultivation of microorganisms found in milk or other dairy products. The present study was intended to explore the influence of biofield energy treatment on the physicochemical and spectral properties of YE powder.

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	Quality, Yield and DNA Fingerprinting of Alphonso Mango
	

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	Quality, Yield and DNA Fingerprinting of Alphonso Mango
	

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A study to analyze the morphological characterization, quality, yield and dna fingerprinting of biofield energy treated alphonso mango (mangifera indica L.).

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Morphological Characterization, Quality, Yield and DNA Fingerprinting of Biofield Energy Treated Alphonso Mango (Mangifera indica L.)

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Alphonso is the most delicious variety of mango (Mangifera indica L.) known for its excellent texture, taste, and richness with vitamins and minerals. The present study was attempted to evaluate the impact of Mr. Trivedi's biofield energy treatment on morphological characteristics, quality, yield and molecular assessment of mango.

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		 Biofield Energy Treated Ortho and Meta Toluic Acid Isomers
	

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		 Biofield Energy Treated Ortho and Meta Toluic Acid Isomers
	

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The study to check the quantitative determination of isotopic abundance ratio of 13c, 2h, and 18o in biofield energy treated ortho and meta toluic acid isomers.

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Quantitative Determination of Isotopic Abundance Ratio of 13C, 2H, and 18O in Biofield Energy Treated Ortho and Meta Toluic Acid Isomers

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O-Toluic acid (OTA) and m-toluic acid (MTA) are two isomers of toluic acid that act as an important organic intermediates, mostly used in medicines and pesticides. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of biofield energy treatment on isotopic abundance ratios of 2H/1H, 13C/12C, (PM+1)/PM and 18O/16O, (PM+2)/PM, in toluic acid isomers using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).

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	An Experimental Study on Biofield Treated Fish Peptone
	

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	An Experimental Study on Biofield Treated Fish Peptone
	

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Read this experimental study of Mahendra Trivedi and evaluate the physical, spectroscopic and thermal characterization of biofield treated fish peptone.

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Physical, Spectroscopic and Thermal Characterization of Biofield Treated Fish Peptone

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The by-products of industrially processed fish are enzymatically converted into fish protein isolates and hydrolysates having a wide biological activity and nutritional properties. However, the heat processing may cause their thermal denaturation thereby causing the conformational changes in them.

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		OSF | Properties of Biofield Energy Treated Bio Peptone
	

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		OSF | Properties of Biofield Energy Treated Bio Peptone
	

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| The study conducted to assess the characterization of physicochemical and spectroscopic properties of human biofield energy treated bio peptone.

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Characterization of Physicochemical and Spectroscopic Properties of Biofield Energy Treated Bio Peptone

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Bio peptone is a combination of enzymatic digest of animal tissues and casein; and generally used for the growth of several varieties of microbes. The aim of present study was to investigate the impact of biofield energy treatment on the physicochemical and spectroscopic properties of bio peptone.

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		Biofield Energy Treated 2-Aminopyridine | OSF
	

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		Biofield Energy Treated 2-Aminopyridine | OSF
	

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Read this Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry, where author analyzed the characterization of physical, thermal and spectral properties of biofield treated 2-aminopyridine.

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Characterization of Physical, Thermal and Spectral Properties of Biofield Treated 2-Aminopyridine

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2-Aminopyridine is an important compound, which is used as intermediate for the synthesis of pharmaceutical compounds. The present work was aimed to assess the effect of Mr. Trivedi's biofield energy treatment on the physical, thermal and spectral characteristics of 2-AP. The work was accomplished by dividing the sample in two parts i.e.

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		Properties of Cellulose and Cellulose Acetate | OSF
	

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		Properties of Cellulose and Cellulose Acetate | OSF
	

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The study to check the impact of biofield energy treatment on chemical and thermal properties of cellulose and cellulose acetate.

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Impact of Biofield Treatment on Chemical and Thermal Properties of Cellulose and Cellulose Acetate

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Cellulose being an excellent biopolymer has cemented its place firmly in many industries as a coating material, textile, composites, and biomaterial applications. In the present study, we have investigated the effect of biofield treatment on physicochemical properties of cellulose and cellulose acetate.

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		Biofield Energy Treated Butylated Hydroxytoluene | OSF
	

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		Biofield Energy Treated Butylated Hydroxytoluene | OSF
	

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| The study to check the physicochemical and spectroscopic characterization of biofield energy treated butylated hydroxytoluene.

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Physicochemical and Spectroscopic Characterization of Biofield Treated Butylated Hydroxytoluene

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The antioxidants play an important role in the preservation of foods and the management of oxidative stress related diseases by acting on reactive oxygen species and free radicals. However, their use in high temperature processed food and pharmaceuticals are limited due to its low thermal stability.

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		Antifungal Sensitivity Assay of Biofield Treated Fungi
	

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		Antifungal Sensitivity Assay of Biofield Treated Fungi
	

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| Study the report and analyze the in vitro evaluation of antifungal sensitivity assay of Mahendra Trivedi's biofield energy treated fungi.

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In Vitro Evaluation of Antifungal Sensitivity Assay of Biofield Energy Treated Fungi

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Fungi are the group of eukaryotic organisms such as yeast, mold, and mushrooms. The present work investigated the impact of biofield treatment on different pathogenic species of fungi in relation to antifungal sensitivity pattern. Each fungal sample was divided into three parts: C, control; T1, treatment (revived); T2 treatment (lyophilized).

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		Magnesium Nitride Powder : Impact of Biofield Treatment
	

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		Magnesium Nitride Powder : Impact of Biofield Treatment
	

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| Read this study and evaluate the impact of biofield energy treatment on thermal and physical properties of magnesium nitride powder.

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Evaluation of Thermal and Physical Properties of Magnesium Nitride Powder: Impact of Biofield Energy Treatment

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Magnesium nitride (Mg3N2 ) has gained extensive attention due to its catalytic and optoelectronic properties. The present investigation was aimed to evaluate the effect of biofield energy treatment on physical and thermal properties of Mg3N2 powder. The Mg3N2 powder was divided into two parts i.e. control and treated.

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		Biofield Treatment on Properties of 3Chloro-4fluoroaniline
	

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		Biofield Treatment on Properties of 3Chloro-4fluoroaniline
	

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| The study to investigate the influence of biofield energy treatment on the physical, thermal and spectral properties of 3Chloro-4fluoroaniline.

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Biofield Energy Treatment: A Potential Strategy for Modulating Physical, Thermal and Spectral Properties of 3-Chloro-4-fluoroaniline

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3-Chloro-4-fluoroaniline (CFA) is used as an intermediate for the synthesis of pharmaceutical compounds. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of biofield energy treatment on the physical, thermal and spectral properties of CFA. The study was performed in two groups (control and treated).

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		Antibiogram of MDR Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa | OSF
	

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		Antibiogram of MDR Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa | OSF
	

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| The study to analyze the antibiogram of multidrug-resistant isolates of pseudomonas aeruginosa after biofield energy treatment.

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Antibiogram of Multidrug-Resistant Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa after Biofield Treatment

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In recent years, prevalence of multidrug resistance (MDR) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) has been noticed with high morbidity and mortality. Aim of the present study was to determine the impact of Mr. Trivedi's biofield treatment on MDR clinical lab isolates (LS) of P. aeruginosa.

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		Properties of Biofield Energy Treated Resorcinol | OSF
	

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		Properties of Biofield Energy Treated Resorcinol | OSF
	

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| The main objective of this study is to use an alternative strategy i.e., biofield treatment to alter the physical, spectral and thermal properties of resorcinol.

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Characterisation of Physical, Spectral and Thermal Properties of Biofield treated Resorcinol

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Resorcinol is widely used in manufacturing of several drugs and pharmaceutical products that are mainly used for topical ailments. The main objective of this study is to use an alternative strategy i.e., biofield treatment to alter the physical, spectral and thermal properties of resorcinol.

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		Biofield | Atomic & Thermal Properties of Ethanol | OSF
	

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		Biofield | Atomic & Thermal Properties of Ethanol | OSF
	

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| The study conducted by Mahendra Trivedi and Team, to evaluate the biofield treatment effect on atomic and thermal properties of ethanol.

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Evaluation of Biofield Treatment on Atomic and Thermal Properties of Ethanol

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Ethanol is a polar organic solvent, and frequently used as a fuel in automobile industries, principally as an additive with gasoline due to its higher octane rating. It is generally produced from biomass such as corn, sugar and some other agriculture products.

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		Biofield Energy Treated 3-Chloronitrobenzene | OSF
	

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		Biofield Energy Treated 3-Chloronitrobenzene | OSF
	

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| The objective of the study was to use biofield energy treatment and analysed its impact on the physical, thermal and spectral properties of 3-chloronitrobenzene.

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Characterization of Biofield Energy Treated 3-Chloronitrobenzene: Physical, Thermal, and Spectroscopic Studies

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The chloronitrobenzenes are widely used as the intermediates in the production of pharmaceuticals, pesticides and rubber processing chemicals. However, due to their wide applications, they are frequently released into the environment thereby creating hazards. The objective of the study was to use an alternative strategy i.e.

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		Properties of Biofield Energy Treated O-Aminophenol | OSF
	

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		Properties of Biofield Energy Treated O-Aminophenol | OSF
	

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| The study conducted by Mahendra Trivedi and Team, to analyze the characterization of physical, thermal and spectral properties of biofield energy treated o-aminophenol.

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Characterization of Physical, Thermal and Spectral Properties of Biofield Treated O-Aminophenol

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O-aminophenol has extensive uses as a conducting material and in electrochemical devices. The objective of this research was to investigate the influence of biofield energy treatment on the physical thermal and spectral properties of o-aminophenol. The study was performed in two groups; the control group was remained as untreated, while the treated group was subjected to Mr. Trivedi's biofield energy treatment.

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		Characterisation of Biofield Energy Treated Anisole | OSF
	

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		Characterisation of Biofield Energy Treated Anisole | OSF
	

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| The study to analyze the thermal, spectroscopic and chemical characterization of biofield energy treated anisole. Read this interesting test revelation.

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Thermal, Spectroscopic and Chemical Characterization of Biofield Energy Treated Anisole

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The objective of the present study was to evaluate the impact of biofield energy treatment on the thermal, spectroscopic, and chemical properties of anisole by various analytical methods such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy.

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		Shigella sonnei : Learn about Symptoms and Biofield Treatment
	

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		Shigella sonnei : Learn about Symptoms and Biofield Treatment
	

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| Clinical symptoms of shigellosis cause by Shigella sonnei in the United States are similar to all other the dysenteric diseases. The most common symptom is bloody stool and small to severe diarrhea. The study assessed the impact of biofield on Shigella sonnei for changes in antimicrobial sensitivity, biochemical study, and biotype number.

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shigella sonnei

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Improved Susceptibility Pattern of Antimicrobials Using Vital Energy Treatment on

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Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) has become increasingly popular and reported for countless benefits in biomedical health care systems. The study assessed the potential impact of The Trivedi Effect ® (biofield energy) on Shigella sonnei for changes in antimicrobial sensitivity, biochemical study, and biotype number using MicroScan Walk-Away ® system.

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		An External (Biofield) Energy Effect on Providencia rettgeri
	

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		An External (Biofield) Energy Effect on Providencia rettgeri
	

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| The study to check the influence of Mr. Mahendra Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment on Providencia rettgeri in lyophilized as well as revived state for antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, biochemical characteristics, and biotype number.

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providencia rettgeri

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Antibiogram, Biochemical Reactions and Biotyping of Biofield Treated

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Providencia rettgeri ( P. rettgeri ) is the key organism for gastrointestinal tract infections due to its high virulence properties. The current study was designed to investigate the effect of Mr. Trivedi's biofield energy treatment on P. rettgeri in lyophilized as well as revived state for antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, biochemical characteristics, and biotype number.

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		Viral Load Against Human Immunodeficiency-1 and Cytomegalo Viruses
	

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		Viral Load Against Human Immunodeficiency-1 and Cytomegalo Viruses
	

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| Viral load quantification is the amount of particular viral DNA or RNA in a blood samples. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment on HIV-1 and HCMV in terms of viral loads as surrogate marker.

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In vitro Evaluation of Biofield Treatment on Viral Load Against Human Immunodeficiency-1 and Cytomegalo Viruses

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Viral load quantification is the amount of particular viral DNA or RNA in a blood samples. It is one of the surrogate biomarker of AIDS. High viral load indicates that the immune system is failed to fight against viruses.

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		Characterization of Biofield Energy Treated N,N-Dimethylformamide
	

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		Characterization of Biofield Energy Treated N,N-Dimethylformamide
	

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| The study data suggested that the biofield energy treatment has significantly altered the physical and spectroscopic properties of DMF, which could make them more stable solvent in organic synthesis and as a suitable formulation agent in polymer/paint industry.

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gas chromatography-mass spectrometry / high performance liquid chromatography

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Chromatographic, Spectroscopic, and Thermal Characterization of Biofield Energy Treated N,N-Dimethylformamide :: Science Publishing Group

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N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) is a 'universal' solvent and has wide variety of applications in organic synthesis, purification, crystallization, and as cross-linking agent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical and spectroscopic properties of DMF after the biofield energy treatment using various analytical techniques.

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		Use of Energy Healing Medicine Against Escherichia coli
	

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		Use of Energy Healing Medicine Against Escherichia coli
	

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| Escherichia coli causes infections in human mainly in urinary tract, ear, and wound infections. The current study evaluates the impact of biofield treatment on E. coli regarding antimicrobial sensitivity assay, biochemical study and biotype number.

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escherichia coli

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Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) infections are the major health concern, as it causes infections in human mainly in urinary tract, ear, and wound infections. The present study evaluates the impact of biofield energy treatment on E. coli regarding antimicrobial sensitivity assay, biochemical study and biotype number.

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		Biofield | Spectroscopic Characterization of Potato Micropropagation Medium
	

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		Biofield | Spectroscopic Characterization of Potato Micropropagation Medium
	

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| Read this American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering of Mr. Mahendra Trivedi and know more about the impact of biofield energy treatment on the physical, thermal, and spectroscopic characterization of the potato micropropagation medium.

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Physical, Thermal, and Spectroscopic Characterization of Biofield Energy Treated Potato Micropropagation Medium :: Science Publishing Group

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Potato Micropropagation Medium (PMM) is the growth medium used for in vitro micropropagation of potato tubers. The present study was intended to assess the effect of biofield energy treatment on the physical, thermal and spectroscopic properties of PMM. The study was attained in two groups i.e. control and treated.

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		Human Biofield Energy Influence on Butylated Hydroxytoluene
	

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		Human Biofield Energy Influence on Butylated Hydroxytoluene
	

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| The objective of current study was to use the biofield energy treatment on butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) i.e. antioxidant and analyze its impact on the physical, thermal, and spectral properties of BHT. The overall results showed the impact of biofield on the properties of BHT sample.

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¹ Trivedi Global Inc., 10624 S Eastern Avenue Suite A-969, Henderson, NV 89052, USA

² Trivedi Science Research Laboratory Pvt. Ltd., Hall-A, Chinar Mega Mall, Chinar Fortune City, Hoshangabad Rd., Bhopal-462026, Madhya Pradesh, India

*Corresponding Author:

Jana S
Trivedi Science Research Laboratory Pvt. Ltd.
Hall-A, Chinar Mega Mall, Chinar Fortune City
Hoshangabad Rd., Bhopal- 462026
Madhya Pradesh, India
Tel: +91-755-6660006
E-mail: [email protected]

Received Date: September 23, 2015; Accepted Date: September 29, 2015; Published Date: October 09, 2015

Citation: Trivedi MK, Branton A, Trivedi D, Nayak G, Singh R, et al. (2015) Physicochemical and Spectroscopic Characterization of Biofield Treated Butylated Hydroxytoluene. J Food Ind Microbiol 1: 101. doi: 10.4172/2572-4134.1000101

Copyright: © 2015 Trivedi MK, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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Abstract

The antioxidants play an important role in the preservation of foods and the management of oxidative stress related diseases by acting on reactive oxygen species and free radicals. However, their use in high temperature processed food and pharmaceuticals are limited due to its low thermal stability. The objective of the study was to use the biofield energy treatment on butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) i.e. antioxidant and analyse its impact on the physical, thermal, and spectral properties of BHT. For the study, the sample was divided into two groups and termed as control and treated. The treated group was subjected to biofield energy treatment. The characterization of treated sample was done using X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and UV-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. The XRD results showed the alteration in lattice parameters, unit cell volume, and molecular weight along with 14.8% reduction in the crystallite size of treated sample as compared to the control. The DSC analysis showed an increase in the latent heat of fusion from 75.94 J/g (control) to 96.23 J/g in the treated BHT sample. The TGA analysis showed an increase in onset temperature of decomposition (130°C→136°C) and maximum thermal decomposition temperature (152.39°C→158.42°C) in the treated sample as compared to the control. Besides, the FT-IR analysis reported the shifting of aromatic C-H stretching peak towards higher frequency (3068→3150 cm-1) and C=C stretching towards lower frequency (1603→1575 cm-1) as compared to the control sample. Moreover, the UV spectrum also revealed the shifting of the peak at λmax 247 nm (control) to 223 nm in the treated sample. The overall results showed the impact of biofield energy treatment on physical, thermal and spectral properties of BHT sample.

Keywords

Biofield energy treatment; Butylated hydroxytoluene; Reactive oxygen species; Complementary and alternative medicine; Thermogravimetric analysis

Introduction

In recent years, the studies on reactive oxygen species (ROS), free radicals and antioxidants are generating medical revolution by promising a good health and disease management [ 1]. The free radicals and ROS can be developed inside the human body either through the normal metabolic process or external sources such as pollutants, industrial chemicals, and cigarette smoking, etc. [ 2]. An antioxidant is a molecule that neutralises these free radicals by donating an electron to them. They prevent the oxidative reaction that is responsible for various chronic degenerative diseases viz. cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders, etc. [ 3]. Besides, in the pharmaceutical industry, the safety, efficacy and stability of drug formulations are affected by various physical factors like humidity, heat, and light [ 4]. These factors are responsible for several chemical reactions that cause instability such as oxidation, decarboxylation, hydrolysis, and photolysis, etc. [ 5]. The antioxidants are such excipients that can enhance the shelf-life of the drug by reducing the problem due to oxidation reactions. Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is a monohydric phenol derivative ( Figure 1) that provides electrons or protons labile to free radicals and interrupts the chain reaction thereby exerting its antioxidant action [ 6]. It is used as antioxidant in foods containing fats and oils as they are very susceptible to rancidity and oxidation that destroy the soluble vitamins and fatty acids. BHT prevents this rancidification by terminating the free radical chain reactions [ 7, 8]. It helps in food preservation by preventing any change in flavour and slowing the rancidity and discoloration processes [ 9]. Moreover, it is also added in personal care products to prevent oxidative rancidity thereby disagreeable smell [ 10]. The antioxidants are also added in several manufacturing processes to protect the raw material and end product from deleterious effects of high temperature and pressure [ 11].

In food preservation process, the thermal stability of antioxidant is very crucial. Several edible oils are used at higher temperature; hence thermal stability of antioxidant is necessary to preserve the unsaturated fatty acid from degradation [ 12]. Despite several uses, BHT is sensitive to heat, light and humidity and is also known to possess some toxic and flammable properties hence need special precautions during storage, handling, and transportation [ 13, 14]. Moreover, BHT is reported to decompose at low temperature due to which it offers very less protection to heated vegetable oils [ 15]. Thus, it is important to search some alternate strategies, which could improve the stability of BHT by altering their physical, thermal or structural and bonding properties.

Nowadays, biofield energy treatment is known to alter physicochemical properties of various organic and metallic compounds [ 16- 19]. The biofield energy healing therapies are considered as complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) by National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM)/National Institute of Health (NIH) and are based on alteration in putative energy fields and consciousness [ 20, 21]. The biofield energy is related to the energy associated with the human body that depends upon the physiological and mental health of the human. This energy can be exchanged with the environment through natural exchange process [ 22]. A human has the ability to harness the energy from environment or universe and can transmit in any living or non-living object(s) around the Universe. The objects always receive the energy and responding in a useful way, this process is known as biofield energy treatment. Moreover, the biofield therapies are reported for the reduction in pain, anxiety and tension [ 23]. Mr. Trivedi is well known to possess the unique biofield energy treatment (The Trivedi Effect ®) which is reported to alter the properties such as growth and yield of plants in the field of agriculture [ 24, 25]. The effect was also reported on phenotypic characters of microorganisms in the field of microbiology [ 26, 27]. Hence, the present study was designed to analyse the impact of biofield energy treatment on various physicochemical properties of BHT using XRD, DSC, TGA/DTG, FT-IR and UV-Vis spectroscopic techniques.

Materials and Methods
Material procurement
Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) was procured from S D Fine Chemicals Pvt. Ltd., India. After procurement, the BHT sample was divided into two parts; coded as control and treated, and stored as per manufacturer's guidelines.
Treatment modality
The treated part was subjected to Mr. Trivedi's biofield energy treatment. For this, the treated sample was handed over to Mr. Trivedi in sealed pack for biofield energy treatment under standard laboratory conditions. Mr. Trivedi provided the treatment to the treated group through his energy transmission process. The biofield treated sample was returned in the same sealed condition for further characterization using XRD, DSC, TGA, FT-IR and UV-Vis spectroscopic techniques.
X-ray diffraction (XRD) study
X-ray powder diffractogram of control and treated samples were obtained on Phillips, Holland PW 1710 X-ray diffractometer system. The X-ray generator was equipped with a copper anode with nickel filter operating at 35 kV and 20 mA. The wavelength of radiation used by the XRD system was 1.54056 Å. The data were collected from the 2θ range of 10°-99.99° with a step size of 0.02° and a counting time of 0.5 seconds per step.

The crystallite (G) was calculated from the Scherrer equation with the method based on the width of the diffraction patterns obtained in the X-ray reflected crystalline region.

G = kλ/(bCosθ)

Where, k is the equipment constant (0.94), λ is the X-ray wavelength (0.154 nm), b in radians is the full-width at half of the peak and θ the corresponding Bragg angle. Other parameters viz. lattice parameter and unit cell volume, were calculated using PowderX software. Further, these parameters were used to calculate the molecular weight and density of the control and treated sample.

Percent change in crystallite size was calculated using the following equation:

Percent change in crystallite size = [(G t-G c)/G c] ×100

Here, G c and G t denotes the crystallite size of control and treated powder samples, respectively. Similarly the percent change in lattice parameter, unit cell volume, molecular weight, and density was calculated to analyse the impact of biofield treatment on crystal parameters of treated sample as compared to the control.

The molecular weight of atom was calculated using following equation:

Molecular weight = number of electrons × weight of an electron + number of neutrons × weight of a neutron + number of protons × weight of a proton.

The weight of all atoms in a molecule was multiplied by the Avogadro number (6.023 × 1023) to obtain the molecular weight in g/ Mol.

Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) study

DSC analysis of control and treated sample was carried out using Perkin Elmer/Pyris-1. Each sample was accurately weighed and hermetically sealed in aluminium pans and heated at a rate of 10°C/ min under air atmosphere (5 mL/min). The thermogram was collected over the temperature range of 50°C to 250°C. An empty pan sealed with cover pan was used as a reference sample. From DCS curve, the melting temperature and latent heat of fusion were obtained.

The percent change in latent heat of fusion was obtained using following equations to observe the difference in thermal properties of treated BHT sample as compared to the control:

% change in latent heat of fusion =

Where, ΔH Control and ΔH Treated denotes the latent heat of fusion of control and treated samples, respectively.
Thermogravimetric analysis/Derivative Thermogravimetry (TGA/DTG)
The effect of temperature on the stability of the control and treated sample of BHT was analysed using Mettler Toledo simultaneous thermogravimetric analyser (TGA/DTG). The samples were heated from room temperature to 350°C with a heating rate of 5°C/min under air atmosphere. From TGA/DTG curve, the onset temperature T onset (temperature at which sample start losing weight) and T max (maximum thermal degradation temperature) were recorded.
Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic characterization
For FT-IR characterization, the treated sample was divided into two groups named T1 and T2. The samples were crushed into fine powder for analysis. The powdered sample was mixed in spectroscopic grade KBr in an agate mortar and pressed into pellets with a hydraulic press. FT-IR spectra were recorded on Shimadzu's Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (Japan). FT-IR spectra are generated by the absorption of electromagnetic radiation in the frequency range 4000-400 cm⁻¹. With the help of FT-IR analysis, the impact of biofield treatment on bond strength, rigidity and stability of BHT compound can be analysed [ 28].
UV-Vis spectroscopic analysis
For UV-Vis spectroscopic analysis, the treated sample was divided into two groups, served as T1 and T2. The UV-Vis spectral analysis was measured using Shimadzu UV-2400 PC series spectrophotometer. The spectrum was recorded with 1 cm quartz cell having a slit width of 2.0 nm over a wavelength range of 200-400 nm. With UV-Vis spectroscopy, it is possible to investigate electron transfers between orbitals or bands of atoms, ions and molecules from the ground state to the first excited state [ 29].

Results and Discussion
X-ray diffraction (XRD)
The X-ray powder diffractograms of control and treated samples showing Bragg angle (2θ) on x-axis and intensity of the peaks on y-axis are presented in Figure 2. The XRD diffractograms showed a series of sharp peaks in the regions of 10°<2θ>40°, which depicted that both samples had high crystallinity and long range order of molecules. The sharp peaks on the diffractograms of the control and treated sample confirm the crystalline nature of BHT [30]. The XRD pattern indicated the orthorhombic crystal structure in the control and treated BHT samples. The crystal structure parameters were computed using PowderX software such as lattice parameter, unit cell volume, density, and molecular weight. The results are presented in Table 1. The data showed that in the control sample, the lattice parameters were found as a=15.46, b=10.37, and c=8.93 Å. While, in treated sample, the lattice parameters were found as a=15.59, b=10.56 and c=8.71 Å. It showed that the lattice parameters 'a' and 'b' were increased by 0.84% and 1.83%, respectively. However, the lattice parameter 'c' was decreased by 2.46% in the treated sample as compared to the control. Similarly, the unit cell volume and molecular weight was slightly increased by 0.09% and 0.08%, respectively; whereas, density was decreased by 0.10% in the treated sample as compared to the control. The increase in unit cell volume and change in lattice parameters indicated the presence of internal strain in the treated BHT powder. Besides, the crystallite size computed using Scherrer formula was found as 70.16 nm in control and it was reduced to 59.77 nm in the treated BHT sample. It suggested that crystallite size of the treated sample was significantly reduced by 14.81% as compared to the control. It is reported that the energy produced by mechanical milling had reduced the crystallite size and induced lattice strain in the crystal structure [ 31]. Thus, it is assumed that biofield energy treatment might induce the energy milling in BHT sample, and that might be responsible for a decrease in crystallite size of treated sample. Recently, our group reported that biofield treatment had reduced the crystallite size in magnesium powder [ 19]. Moreover, it was reported that crystallite size and surface area are inversely related to each other [ 32]. The BHT had a poor solubility profile in water that limits its application in pharmaceutical preparations [ 7]. Hence, the decreased crystallite size of treated BHT might result in increased surface area, and that can play an important role in improving solubility. Therefore, the treated BHT sample may be used in food and pharmaceutical industry with improved solubility profile.

Table 1: X-ray diffraction analysis of control and treated butylated hydroxytoluene.
DSC analysis
This technique is based on the principle that as the BHT sample undergoes any phase transition (e.g. solid to liquid); the alteration was observed in the amount of heat flowing to the sample as compared to the reference. The thermograms for control and treated sample of BHT are presented in Figure 3 that showed the phase transition temperature and the amount of heat involved in that process. The control sample exhibited a sharp endothermic peak at 71.6°C, whereas the treated sample showed a sharp peak at 72.25°C. The peaks are due to melting of control and treated samples, and the sharpness of peaks confirms the crystalline nature of BHT sample. The result suggests a slight change in melting temperature of treated sample as compared to the control. The thermograms also showed that the latent heat of fusion (ΔH) was increased from 75.94 J/g (control) to 96.23 J/g in treated BHT sample. It indicated that ΔH was significantly increased by 26.72% in the treated sample as compared to the control. It is presumed that biofield energy might increase the potential energy stored in the molecules of treated BHT sample. Hence, the treated sample needs more energy in the form of ΔH to undergo the process of melting. Previously, our group reported that biofield treatment has altered the latent heat of fusion in indole, thymol and menthol compounds [ 17, 33].
TGA/DTG analysis
The TGA thermograms ( Figure 4) of the control and treated samples of BHT showed single step decomposition within the temperature range of 100-200°C. From these thermograms, the information related to degradation temperature and the weight of sample lost in that event was collected. The control sample started to decompose around 130°C (onset) and completed around 175°C (end set). However, the treated sample started losing weight around 136°C (onset) and terminated at 185°C (end set). It indicated that onset temperature of decomposition was increased in the treated sample as compared to the control. Besides, DTG thermogram data showed that T max was found at 152.39°C in the control sample, whereas, it was increased to 158.42°C in the treated BHT sample. It indicated that T max was also increased in treated sample as compared to the control. Furthermore, the increase in onset temperature of decomposition and T max in the treated sample of BHT with respect to the control sample may be correlated with the increase in thermal stability of the treated sample after biofield treatment. The data was also supported by DSC studies, which revealed that ΔH of treated BHT sample increased as compared to the control sample. As BHT is reported to decompose at higher temperature due to which it offers very less protection to food ingredients. Moreover, BHT is considered as a flammable material and increase in thermal stability may be related to the decreased flammability of compound [13,34]. Hence, it was presumed that the biofield energy treatment might enhance the thermal stability of the treated BHT sample. The increase in thermal stability may enhance its effectiveness in food ingredients at high temperature as well as might assure its safe handling by decreasing the flammability as compared to the control sample.
FT-IR spectroscopic analysis
Infrared (IR) spectroscopy is based on the vibrations of the atoms in a molecule. The FT-IR spectra of control and treated (T1 and T2) samples of BHT are shown in Figure 5 that has the wavenumber (frequency) of IR rays on the horizontal axis and percent transmittance on the vertical axis. The comparative values of IR peaks of the control sample with treated (T1 and T2) samples are given in Table 2. The major vibration peaks observed were as follows:

T1 and T2 are treated samples

Table 2: Vibration modes observed in butylated hydroxytoluene.

O-H vibrations: The O-H vibrations are sensitive to hydrogen bonding; however the OH group present in the structure of BHT did not show intermolecular hydrogen bonding due to steric shielding of tert-butyl groups present in the structure. The non-bonded hydroxyl groups in phenols showed absorption in 3700-3584 cm⁻¹ region [ 35]. In the present study, the strong band observed at 3628 cm⁻¹ in control and T2 sample and 3626 cm⁻¹ in T1 sample was assigned to OH stretching mode of vibration. The strong band observed at 1151 cm⁻¹ in all three samples (control, T1, and T2) was assigned to OH in-plane bending vibration.

Aromatic C-H vibrations: The aromatic CH stretching vibration was observed as a weak band at 3068 cm⁻¹ in control and T2 sample whereas at 3150 cm⁻¹ in T2 sample. The in-plane CH bending vibrations was observed at 1230 cm⁻¹ in all three samples (control, T1 and T2).

Methyl group vibrations: In the present study, the CH ₃ asymmetric vibration was observed at 2956 cm-1 in the control sample and 2955 cm⁻¹ in both treated samples (T1 and T2). The CH ₃ symmetric stretching mode was observed at 2872 cm⁻¹ in all three samples i.e. control, T1, and T2. Similarly, the bands observed at 1481 and 1431 cm⁻¹ in control and T1 and 1481 and 1433 cm⁻¹ in T2 were assigned to the CH ₃ bending vibrations. The CH ₃ rocking vibration was observed at 1026 cm⁻¹ in all three samples (control, T1 and T2).

Tert-butyl group vibrations: In the FT-IR spectra, the strong, sharp bands observed at 1361 and 1396 cm⁻¹ in the control sample and 1363 and 1396 cm⁻¹ in treated samples (T1 and T2) were assigned to tert-butyl bending vibrations.

C-O vibrations: In the present study, the FT-IR band observed at 1213 cm⁻¹ in control and T1 sample and 1215 cm⁻¹ in T2 sample was assigned to C-O stretching mode of C-OH vibration.

C=C vibrations: The ring stretching vibration was observed at 1603 cm⁻¹ in control sample, whereas at 1575 and 1602 cm⁻¹ in T1 and T2 samples, respectively. The bands observed at 769 and 866 cm⁻¹ were assigned to C-C ring stretching mode. Moreover, the band at 580 cm⁻¹ was assigned to ring out-of-plane bending mode in all three samples (control, T1, and T2).

The FT-IR spectrum of the control sample of BHT was well supported by literature [ 35, 36]. The FT-IR spectra of treated BHT samples (T1 and T2) showed the similar pattern of IR absorption peaks as control sample except C-H aromatic stretching peak and C=C aromatic stretching peak in T1 sample. The C-H aromatic stretching peak was shifted to higher frequency (3068→3150 cm⁻¹); whereas, C=C aromatic stretching peak was shifted to lower frequency (1603→1575 cm-1) as compared to the control sample. When a molecule absorbs infrared radiation, its chemical bonds vibrate due to which they can stretch, contract or bend. It was already reported that the peak frequency ( ν) in IR spectra for any bond is directly proportional to its bond force constant (k). Also, the bond force constant (k) is inversely related to average bond length (r) [ 16]. Hence, it is presumed that shifting of peak wavenumber corresponding to aromatic C-H stretching and C=C stretching decreases the bond length of C-H bond and increases the bond length of aromatic C=C bond, respectively. It might occur due to increase in conjugation effect in aromatic ring structure after biofield treatment. As it was evident that conjugation effect increases the stability of structure hence, it could further be correlated to improved stability and decreased flammability of BHT sample after biofield energy treatment [ 37].
UV-Vis spectroscopic analysis
The UV spectra of control and treated samples (T1 and T2) of BHT having wavelength of UV-vis light on the horizontal axis and absorbance on the vertical axis are shown in Figure 6. The UV spectrum of control sample showed absorption peaks at λ max equal to 205, 247, and 278 nm. However the biofield treated sample T1 showed absorption peaks at 204, 223, and 278 nm and T2 showed peaks at 204, 223, and 277 nm. The peak at 247 nm in control sample was shifted to 223 nm in the treated samples. The absorbance is the measurement for amount of the light absorbed and it means that the corresponding wavelength of light on horizontal axis was being absorbed by the BHT sample. The absorption peak is described by one electron excitation from the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) to the lowest occupied molecular orbital (LUMO). LUMO represents the ability to accept an electron, whereas HOMO represents the ability to donate an electron. In BHT, the HOMO is located over the OH and CH ₃ groups, and the HOMO→LUMO transition corresponds to the transfer of electron density from OH and CH ₃ groups to the ring [ 35]. Hence, it is hypothesised that biofield energy treatment might affect this HOMO→LUMO transition due to which the peak at λ max 247 nm was shifted to 223 nm in the treated sample. The result was also supported by FT-IR data that showed the impact of biofield energy treatment possibly on the C=C and C-H stretching of the aromatic ring.

Conclusions

The results showed the impact of biofield treatment on the lattice parameter, unit cell volume and molecular weight of treated sample. The crystallite size of treated BHT was reduced by 14.8% suggesting the presence of internal strain that could be due to the biofield energy treatment. The DSC analysis showed 26.7% increase in ΔH, which revealed that biofield energy probably enhanced the potential energy in treated BHT sample as compared to the control. The TGA/DTG results suggested that thermal stability of treated sample was increased which might help to enhance its effectiveness in food materials and reduce the flammability as compared to the control. The FT-IR analysis revealed the changes in the wavenumber of aromatic C-H bond and C=C bond that suggest the increase in conjugation effect in the benzene ring that probably occurred due to biofield energy treatment. Moreover, the UV-Vis spectra also showed the shifting of peak corresponding to 247 nm towards lower wavelength i.e. 223 nm. Hence, the overall study reported the impact of Mr. Trivedi's biofield energy treatment on the physical, thermal and spectral properties of BHT sample. The altered properties of treated sample could make it more useful in food and pharmaceutical industries by enhancing the solubility and thermal stability along with reduction in the flammability.

Acknowledgements

Authors are very grateful for the support of Trivedi Science, Trivedi Master Wellness and Trivedi Testimonials in this research work. The authors would also like to acknowledge the whole team from the Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility (SAIF), Nagpur and MGV Pharmacy College, Nashik for providing the instrumental facility.

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# data[].attributes.attachment_link.keywords[]
biofield energy treatment; butylated hydroxytoluene; reactive oxygen species; complementary and alternative medicine; thermogravimetric analysis

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
1 Trivedi Global Inc., 10624 S Eastern Avenue Suite A-969, Henderson, NV 89052, USA 2 Trivedi Science Research Laboratory Pvt. Ltd., Hall-A, Chinar Mega Mall, Chinar Fortune City, Hoshangabad Rd., Bhopal-462026, Madhya Pradesh, India *Corresponding Author: Jana S Trivedi Science Research Laboratory Pvt. Ltd.

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		Evaluation of Biofield Energy Treated Magnesium Nitride Powder
	

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		Evaluation of Biofield Energy Treated Magnesium Nitride Powder
	

# data[].attributes.body
| Magnesium nitride has gained extensive attention due to its catalytic and optoelectronic properties. A test conducted by Mahendra Kumar Trivedi and the research team to evaluate the physical and thermal properties of biofield energy treated magnesium nitride powder.

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Evaluation of Thermal and Physical Properties of Magnesium Nitride Powder: Impact of Biofield Energy Treatment

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Magnesium nitride (Mg3N2) has gained extensive attention due to its catalytic and optoelectronic properties. The present investigation was aimed to evaluate the effect of biofield ..

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		Biofield Energy Treatment Effect on 3-Chloro-4-Fluoroaniline
	

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		Biofield Energy Treatment Effect on 3-Chloro-4-Fluoroaniline
	

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| 3-Chloro-4-fluoroaniline (CFA) is used as an intermediate for the synthesis of pharmaceutical compounds. Study this potential strategy of Mahendra Kumar Trivedi on modulating the physical, thermal and spectral properties of 3-chloro-4-fluoroaniline.

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Keywords

3-Chloro-4-Fluoroaniline; Biofield energy treatment; Thermal analysis; X-ray diffraction; Fourier transform infrared analysis; Ultra violet-visible spectroscopy

Abbreviations

CFA: 3-Chloro-4-fluoroaniline; XRD: X-Ray Diffraction; DSC: Differential Scanning Calorimetry; TGA: Thermo Gravimetric Analysis; FT-IR: Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy; UV-vis: Ultra Violet-Visible Spectroscopy; CAM: Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Introduction

The amine derivatives are used as the building units in the construction of channel type supramolecular structure revealing its catalytic and separation properties due to their ability to generate intermolecular interactions [ 1, 2]. 3-Chloro-4-fluoroaniline (CFA) is an amine derivative which is used as intermediate compound for the synthesis of herbicides [ 3]. Moreover, CFA is used as an intermediate for the synthesis of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride which is approved for the treatment of bone, joint infections, diarrhea, lower respiratory tract infections, and urinary tract infections [ 4]. Further, CFA is also used for the synthesis of norfloxacin that is the first representative of fluorinated quinolone derivatives. Norfloxacin drug has wide antimicrobial actions, and it was approved for the treatment of respiratory tract, ear, throat, nose and other infective and inflammatory diseases [ 5]. The chemical and physical stability of the pharmaceutical compounds are more desired quality attributes that directly affect its safety, efficacy, and shelf life [ 6]. Hence, it is required to explore some new alternate approach that could alter the physical and thermal properties of the compounds. Recently, biofield energy treatment has substantially changed the physical and thermal properties of metals [ 7, 8], ceramics [ 9], organic product [ 10] and spectral properties of various pharmaceutical drugs [ 11]. After considering the pharmaceutical applications of CFA as intermediate, authors wish to investigate the impact of biofield energy treatment on CFA and analyzed its physical, thermal and spectral properties. The National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM), a part of the National Institute of Health (NIH), recommends the use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) therapies as an alternative to the healthcare sector and about 36% of Americans regularly uses some form of CAM [ 12]. CAM includes numerous energy-healing therapies; biofield therapy is one of the energy medicine used worldwide to improve the health. The biofield treatment is being used in healing process to reduce pain, anxiety and to promote the overall health of human being [ 13, 14]. Recently it was discovered that electrical process occurring in the human body has a relation with the magnetic field. According to Ampere's law, the moving charge produces the magnetic field in surrounding space. Likewise, human body emits the electromagnetic waves in the form of bio-photons, which surrounds the body, and it is commonly known as biofield. Therefore, the biofield consists of an electromagnetic field, being generated by moving electrically charged particles (ions, cell, molecule, etc.) inside the human body [ 15, 16]. Rivera-Ruiz et al. reported that electrocardiography has been extensively used to measure the biofield energy of the human body [ 17]. Thus, human beings have the ability to harness the energy from the environment/Universe and can transmit into any object (living or non-living) around the Globe. The object(s) will always receive the energy and responding in a useful manner that is called biofield energy. Mr. Trivedi's unique biofield treatment is also known as The Trivedi Effect®. Mr. It is known to transform the characteristics of various living and nonliving things. Moreover, the biofield treatment has improved the growth and production of agriculture crops [ 18- 20] and significantly altered the phenotypic characteristics of various pathogenic microbes [ 21, 22]. The present work was focused to study the impact of biofield treatment on physical, thermal and spectral properties of CFA and characterized by XRD, DSC, TGA, FT-IR and UV-visible spectroscopy analysis.

Materials and Methods

3-Chloro-4-fluoroaniline (CFA) was procured from Sisco Research Laboratories (SRL), India.

Biofield treatment

CFA was divided into two parts; one was kept as a control sample, while the other was subjected to Mr. Trivedi's biofield treatment and coded as treated sample. The treatment group was in sealed pack and handed over to Mr. Trivedi for biofield treatment under laboratory condition. Mr. Trivedi provided the treatment through his energy transmission process to the treated group without touching the sample. After biofield treatment the control and treated group was subjected to physicochemical characterization under standard laboratory conditions. The control and treated samples were characterized by XRD, DSC, TGA, FT-IR, and UV-visible analysis.

Characterization

X-ray diffraction (XRD) study: XRD analysis of control and treated CFA was carried out on Phillips, Holland PW 1710 X-ray diffractometer system, which had a copper anode with nickel filter. The radiation of wavelength used by the XRD system was 1.54056 Å. The data obtained from this XRD were in the form of a chart of 2θ vs. intensity and a detailed table containing peak intensity counts, d value (Å), peak width (θ°), relative intensity (%) etc. The average crystallite size (G) was calculated by using formula:

G=kλ/(bCosθ)

Here, λ is the wavelength of radiation used, b is full width halfmaximum (FWHM) of peaks and k is the equipment constant (=0.94).

Percentage change in average crystallite size was calculated using following formula:

Percentage change in crystallite size=[(G t-G c)/G c] × 100

Where, G c and G t are the crystallite size of control and treated powder samples respectively.

Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)

DSC was used to investigate the melting temperature and latent heat of fusion (ΔH) of samples. The control and treated CFA samples were analyzed using a Pyris-6 Perkin Elmer DSC at a heating rate of 10°C/min under air atmosphere and the air was flushed at a flow rate of 5 mL/min. Predetermined amount of sample was kept in an aluminum pan and closed with a lid. A blank aluminum pan was used as a reference. The percentage change in latent heat of fusion was calculated using following equations:

Where, ΔH Control and ΔH Treated are the latent heat of fusion of control and treated samples, respectively.

Thermogravimetric analysis-differential thermal analysis (TGA-DTA)

The thermal stability of control and treated CFA were analyzed by using Mettler Toledo simultaneous TGA and Differential thermal analyzer (DTA). The samples were heated from room temperature to 400°C with a heating rate of 5°C/min under air atmosphere.

FT-IR spectroscopy

The FT-IR spectra were recorded on Shimadzu's Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (Japan) with the frequency range of 4000-500 cm⁻¹. The analysis was accomplished to evaluate the effect of biofield treatment at an atomic level like dipole moment, force constant and bond strength in chemical structure [ 23]. The treated sample was divided in two parts T1 and T2 for FT-IR analysis.

UV-Vis spectroscopic analysis

UV spectra of the control and treated CFA samples were recorded on Shimadzu UV-2400 PC series spectrophotometer with 1 cm quartz cell and a slit width of 2.0 nm. The spectroscopic analysis was carried out using wavelength in the range of 200-400 nm and methanol was used as a solvent. The UV spectra was analyzed to determine the effect of biofield treatment on the energy gap of highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO-LUMO gap) [ 23]. The treated sample was divided in two parts T1 and T2 for the UV-Vis spectroscopic analysis.

Results and Discussion

XRD analysis

The XRD diffractogram of control and treated CFA are shown in Figure 1. XRD diffractogram of the control CFA sample showed intense crystalline peaks that can be correlated to its crystalline nature. The XRD diffractogram showed peaks at 2θ equal to 13.10°, 20.58°, 22.16°, 22.29°, and 28.40°. However, the treated sample also showed intense crystalline peaks at 2θ equal to 20.73°, 22.12°, 23.08°, 29.97°, and 30.30°. The XRD peaks originally present at 2-theta equal to 20.58°, 28.40°, 29.77° and 30.33° were shifted to Bragg's angle 2-theta equal to 20.73°, 28.37°, 29.97° and 30.30°. The intensities of these XRD peaks were increased substantially as compared to the control. This may be inferred as increase in the crystallinity of the treated CFA as compared to the control. The crystallite size was calculated using Scherrer formula and the results are presented in Figure 2. The crystallite size of the control sample was 94.80 nm, and it was decreased to 73.86 nm in the treated sample. The crystallite size was decreased by 22.08% in treated CFA with respect to control. The decrease in crystallite size of treated sample could be ascribed to biofield treatment that may cause increase in compressive stress that leads to increase in dislocation density and decrease in crystallite size. Zhao et al. showed that increase in compressive stress in the material causes decrease in crystallite size [ 24]. Moreover, Schicker et al. reported that crystallite size is inversely proportional to the milling speed, thus increase in milling speed decreases the crystallite size [ 25, 26]. Mahmoud et al. reported that lattice strain induced by mechanical milling may causes a significant reduction in crystallite size [ 27]. Previously our research group reported that biofield treatment had substantially reduced the crystallite size of vanadium pentoxide powders. It was proposed that internal strains made dislocations to move on the slip planes and intersecting slip planes built in stress concentration to such an extent causing the crystal to fracture at the sub boundaries [ 9]. Hence, it is assumed here that biofield energy treatment may provide the compressive stress through energy milling, which may lead to the reduction in the crystallite size of treated CFA as compared to the control.

It was previously suggested that nano scale particle size and small crystallite size can overcome slow diffusion rate by reducing overall diffusion distance and this enhances the net reaction rate [ 28, 29]. Hence, it is assumed that the lower crystallite size of treated CFA may improve its reaction rate [ 30] and it could be utilized for the synthesis of pharmaceutical compounds.

DSC analysis

The DSC was used to investigate the melting temperature and latent heat of fusion of the control and treated CFA. The DSC thermograms of control and treated CFA are presented in Figure 3. DSC of control CFA showed a sharp endothermic peak at 48.05°C which corresponded to melting temperature of the sample. However, the treated CFA showed a slight change in the melting temperature (47.56°C) as compared to the control sample. It was reported that the thermal energy required for completing the phase change from solid to liquid of a substance is known as the latent heat of fusion (ΔH). The latent heat of fusion of control CFA was 159.98 J/g; however after biofield treatment it was changed to 153.14 J/g. The result showed that latent heat of fusion of the treated CFA was changed by 4.27% with respect to the control. It is assumed that biofield treatment might altered the internal energy stored in the treated CFA which may lead to change in latent heat of fusion with respect to the control.

TGA-DTA analysis

TGA was conducted to investigate the thermal stability of control and treated CFA. The TGA thermogram of control CFA showed one-step thermal degradation (Figure 4). The thermal degradation commenced at around 140°C, and it was terminated at around 189°C in control sample. During this process, the sample lost 56.04% of its weight. However, the TGA thermogram of treated CFA showed thermal degradation at around 148 °C, and it was terminated at 185°C. During this event, the sample lost around 42.22% of its weight. Hence, the onset temperature was increased in treated CFA as compared to control. Additionally, the result showed a reduction in weight loss of the treated CFA with respect to the control.

The DTA thermogram of control and treated CFA are presented in Figure 4. DTA thermogram of control sample showed an endothermic peak at 170.89°C, which corresponded to thermal degradation temperature of the sample. Nevertheless, the treated sample exhibited an endothermic peak at 172.64°C that attributed to thermal degradation of the sample. The DTG thermogram of control and treated samples are presented in Figure 4. The temperature where maximum thermal decomposition (T max) occurred is recorded from DTG and data are tabulated in Table 1. DTG of control sample showed T max at 159.97°C; however it was increased to 163.34 °C in treated compound. The increase in T max of biofield treated compound showed an increase in the thermal resistance with respect to the control. Overall, the increase in onset temperature, T max and reduction in weight loss of treated sample showed the superior thermal stability as compared to the control. The increase in thermal stability of treated CFA was may be due to conformational changes and crosslinking caused by biofield treatment [ 31].

FT-IR spectroscopy

The FT-IR spectra of control and treated samples are shown in Figure 5. FT-IR spectrum of the control CFA showed characteristic peaks in the region of 3211-3439 cm⁻¹ due to the N-H stretching vibration peaks. Vibration peak at 3049 cm⁻¹ was due to the -CH aromatic stretching. Additionally, FT-IR peak at 1624 cm⁻¹ was mainly due to the N-H bending vibration peak. The vibration peaks at 1500, 1599 cm⁻¹ were corresponded to the C-C in ring stretching of aromatics. Absorption peaks at 1215 and 1259 cm⁻¹ were due to the C-N stretching (aromatic) vibrations. The peak at 848 and 908 cm⁻¹ were due to the -CH out of plane bending vibrations. Vibration peak at 769 cm⁻¹ was attributed to chloro group attached to the phenyl ring [ 32]. The peak at 1045-1130 cm⁻¹ were attributed to fluorine attached to the phenyl ring.

FT-IR spectrum of treated sample (T1) showed the N-H stretching vibration peaks in the region of 3211-3439 cm⁻¹. The -CH aromatic group stretching was observed at 3049 cm⁻¹. Vibrations peaks for the N-H bending and C-C in ring stretching were observed at 1620, 1599, and 1494 cm⁻¹. The C-N stretching vibration peaks were observed at 1215 and 1259 cm⁻¹. The C-H out of plane stretching vibrations were observed at 848 and 908 cm⁻¹. The C-Cl stretch was observed at 767 cm⁻¹. Additionally the absorption peaks in the region of 1045-1130 cm⁻¹ were due to the fluorine group attached with phenyl ring.

The FT-IR spectrum of treated sample (T2) showed the N-H stretching vibration peaks in the region of 3215-3446 cm⁻¹. The -CH aromatic stretching was observed at 3049 cm⁻¹. Vibration peaks for the N-H bending and C-C in ring stretching were observed at 1637, 1602 and 1518 cm⁻¹ respectively. The C-H out of plane bending vibrations were observed at 852 and 910 cm⁻¹. Vibration peak for a C-Cl stretch was observed at 775 cm⁻¹. The C-F stretching bond was observed in the range of 1057-1130 cm⁻¹. It is worthwhile to mention here that FT-IR spectrum of treated sample (T2) showed the emergence of new absorption peak at 3639 cm⁻¹ that may be due to the intermolecular hydrogen bonding in the treated sample (T2). Moreover, the FTIR spectrum of T2 sample showed an alteration in the region of 3439→3446 cm⁻¹ (N-H stretch) and 1624-1637 cm⁻¹ (N-H bending) which may be associated with an increase in hydrogen bonding after biofield treatment. Overall, the FT-IR result showed an increase in hydrogen bonding of treated CFA after biofield treatment as compared to the control.

UV-visible spectroscopy

UV spectra of control and treated CFA are shown in Figure 6. The UV spectrum of control CFA showed three absorption peaks i.e., 205, 235 and 301 nm. The UV spectrum of CFA (T1) showed the occurrence of three absorption peaks i.e., 210, 237 and 286 nm. However, the UV spectrum of CFA (T2) showed absorption peaks at 204, 235 and 301 nm. The results showed that as compared to the control alteration in absorption peaks was noticed in CFA (T1) sample. The absorption peak originally present at 205 nm in control, which was shifted to 210 nm in T1 sample. Additionally, the absorption peak present at 301 nm in control was shifted downward to 286 nm in T1 sample. According to Cinarli et al. the absorption peak appears in the region of 210-290 are mainly due to n→ π* and π - π* transition of the aromatic rings [ 33]. Hence it is assumed here that due to biofield treatment alterations occurred in electron i.e., bonding (n→ π* and π→π* transition) from the ground state to excited state in the treated CFA as compared to the control.

Conclusion

In summary, the XRD analysis revealed a decrease in crystallite size by 22.08% in treated CFA as compared to the control. It is assumed that occurrence of micro strain might cause a decrease in crystallite size in the treated CFA. However, the latent heat of fusion of treated sample was altered by 4.28% with respect to the control. The TGA analysis revealed an increase in T max, and onset temperature as well as a reduction in the weight loss in treated sample as compared to the control. This indicated the increase in thermal stability of treated the CFA as compared to the control sample. The FT-IR spectroscopic analysis of treated CFA showed alterations in the N-H stretching and bending peaks as compared to the control. This may be due to biofield treatment that increased intermolecular hydrogen bonding in the sample as compared to the control. Additionally, UV-visible analysis showed alterations in absorption peaks of aromatic ring in the treated compound as compared to the control. The decrease in crystallite size, and increase in thermal stability of the treated sample showed that biofield energy treatment has significant impact on physical, thermal and spectral properties of CFA.

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank all the laboratory staff of MGV Pharmacy College, Nashik for their assistance during the various instrument characterizations. The authors would also like to thank Trivedi Science, Trivedi Master Wellness and Trivedi Testimonials for their support during the work.

References

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2. Ranganathan A, Pedireddi VR, Rao CNR (1999) Hydrothermal synthesis of organic channel structures: 1:1 hydrogen-bonded adducts of melamine with cyanuric and trithiocyanuric acids. J Am Chem Soc 121: 1752-1753.

3. Boogaard PJ, Beulink GD, van Sittert NJ (1994) Biological monitoring of exposure to 3-chloro-4-fluoroaniline by determination of a urinary metabolite and a hemoglobin adduct. Environ Health Perspect 102 Suppl 6: 23-25.

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5. Vardanyan R, Hruby V (2006) Synthesis of Essential Drugs. Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands.

6. Blessy M, Patel RD, Prajapati PN, Agrawal YK (2014) Development of forced degradation and stability indicating studies of drugs- A review. J Pharm Anal 4: 159-165.

7. Trivedi MK, Patil S, Tallapragada RM (2013) Effect of biofield treatment on the physical and thermal characteristics of silicon, tin and lead powders. J Material Sci Eng 2: 125.

8. Trivedi MK, Patil S, Tallapragada RMR (2015) Effect of biofield treatment on the physical and thermal characteristics of aluminium powders. Ind Eng Manag 4: 151.

9. Trivedi MK, Patil S, Tallapragada RM (2013) Effect of biofield treatment on the physical and thermal characteristics of vanadium pentoxide powder. J Material Sci Eng S11: 001.

10. Trivedi MK, Nayak G, Patil S, Tallapragada RM, Jana S, et al. (2015) Bio-field treatment: An effective strategy to improve the quality of beef extract and meat infusion powder. J Nutr Food Sci 5: 389.

11. Trivedi MK, Patil S, Shettigar H, Bairwa K, Jana S (2015) Effect of biofield treatment on spectral properties of paracetamol and piroxicam. Chem Sci J 6: 98.

12. Barnes PM, Powell-Griner E, McFann K, Nahin RL (2004) Complementary and alternative medicine use among adults: United States, 2002. Adv Data: 1-19.

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14. Springhouse (1998) Nurses handbook of complementary and alternative therapies. (2nd edn), Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

15. Rivera-Ruiz M, Cajavilca C, Varon J (2008) Einthoven's string galvanometer: the first electrocardiograph. Tex Heart Inst J 35: 174-178.

16. Movaffaghi Z, Farsi M (2009) Biofield therapies: biophysical basis and biological regulations? Complement TherClinPract 15: 35-37.

17. Neuman MR (2000) Biopotential electrodes. The biomedical engg handbook: (2ndedn), Boca Raton: CRC Press LLC.

18. Shinde V, Sances F, Patil S, Spence A (2012) Impact of biofield treatment on growth and yield of lettuce and tomato. Aust J Basic Appl Sci 6: 100-105.

19. Sances F, Flora E, Patil S, Spence A, Shinde V, et al. (2013) Impact of biofield treatment on ginseng and organic blueberry yield. Agrivita J Agric Sci 35: 22-29.

20. Patil SA, Nayak GB, Barve SS, Tembe RP, Khan RR, et al. (2012) Impact of biofield treatment on growth and anatomical characteristics of Pogostemon cablin (Benth.). Biotechnology 11: 154-162.

21. Trivedi MK, Patil S, Shettigar H, Bairwa K, Jana S, et al. (2015) Phenotypic and biotypic characterization of Klebsiellaoxytoca: An impact of biofield treatment. J MicrobBiochemTechnol 7: 203-206.

22. Trivedi MK, Patil S, She ttigar H, Gangwar M, Jana S, et al. (2015) An effect of biofield treatment on multidrug-resistant Burkholderiacepacia: A multihost pathogen. J Trop Dis 3: 167.

23. Pavia DL, Lampman GM, Kriz GS (2001) Introduction to spectroscopy. (3rdedn), Thomson Learning, Singapore.

24. Zhao Z, Du L, Tan Z (2014) Influence of electrodeposited crystallite size on interfacial adhesion strength of electroformed layers. Micro Nano Lett 9: 73-76.

25. Schicker S, Garcia DE, Gorlov I, Janssen R, Claussen N, et al.(1999) Wet milling of Fe/Al/Al2O3 and Fe2O3/Al/Al2O3 powder mixtures. J Am Ceram Soc 82: 2607-2612.

26. Muslimin M, Meor Yusoff MS (2009) The effect of high-energy milling on the crystallite size of alumina. JNRT 6: 95-102.

27. Mahmoud AE, Wasly HS, Doheim MA (2014) Studies of crystallite size and lattice strain in Al-Al2O3 powders produced by high-energy mechanical milling. J Eng Sci 42: 1430-1439.

28. Chaudhary AL, Sheppard DA, Paskevicius M, Webb CJ, Gray EM, et al. (2014) Mg2Si nanoparticle synthesis for high pressure hydrogenation. J Phys Chem C 118: 1240-1247.

29. Chaudhary AL, Sheppard DA, Paskevicius M, Saunders M, Buckley C (2014) Mechanochemical synthesis of amorphous silicon nanoparticles. R Soc Chem Adv 42: 21979-21983.

30. Chaudhary AL, Sheppard DA, Paskevicius M, Pistidda, C, Dornheim M, et al. (2015) Reaction kinetic behaviour with relation to crystallite/grain size dependency in the Mg-Si-H system. Acta Mater 95: 244-253.

31. Szabo L, Cik G, Lensy J (1996) Thermal stability increase of doped poly (3-hexadecylthiophene) by g-radiation. Synt Met 78: 149-153.

32. http://orgchem.colorado.edu/Spectroscopy/specttutor/irchart.html.

33. Cinarli A, Gurbuz D, Tavman A, Birteksoz AS (2011) Synthesis, spectral characterizations and antimicrobial activity of some schiff bases of 4-chloro-2-aminophenol. Bull Chem Soc Ethiop 25: 407-417.

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Biofield Energy Treatment: A Potential Strategy for Modulating Physical, Thermal and Spectral Properties of 3-Chloro-4-fluoroaniline

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Keywords 3-Chloro-4-Fluoroaniline; Biofield energy treatment; Thermal analysis; X-ray diffraction ; Fourier transform infrared analysis; Ultra violet-visible spectroscopy Abbreviations CFA: 3-Chloro-4-fluoroaniline; XRD: X-Ray Diffraction; DSC: Differential Scanning Calorimetry; TGA: Thermo Gravimetric Analysis; FT-IR: Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy; UV-vis: Ultra Violet-Visible Spectroscopy; CAM: Complementary and Alternative Medicine Introduction The amine derivatives are used as the building units in the construction of channel type supramolecular structure revealing its catalytic and separation properties due to their ability to generate intermolecular interactions [ 1, 2].

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		Pseudomonas aeruginosa after Biofield Energy Treatment
	

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		Pseudomonas aeruginosa after Biofield Energy Treatment
	

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| Read this an open access research article published under the category of journal of infectious diseases & therapy to analyze the antibiogram of multidrug-resistant isolates of pseudomonas aeruginosa after biofield energy treatment.

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Antibiogram of Multidrug-Resistant Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa after Biofield Treatment

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In recent years, prevalence of multidrug resistance (MDR) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) has been noticed with high morbidity and mortality. Aim of the present study was..

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		Mahendra Trivedi – Creator of The Trivedi Effect
	

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		Mahendra Trivedi – Creator of The Trivedi Effect
	

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| Mahendra Trivedi's ultimate discovery the Trivedi Effect has transformed more than 250,000 lives, empowering its recipients to discover their life purpose and realize their potential for greatness.

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Mahendra Trivedi: the Expeditionist; The Master of Transformation; Creator of the Trivedi Effect
Mahendra Trivedi's expedition began when he was born in Central India in 1963. As a young child, it was evident Mr. Trivedi was a unique soul. He displayed many abilities that children his age didn't have the mental capacity, awareness or maturity for. Further, he held no desire to play with the other children of his age. He was more interested in inheriting the wisdom of his elders.

His abilities were unique by nature and left him often questioning the nature of his own society, culture and the logic and actions of the adults around him. Amongst his atypical abilities were extraordinarily high levels of intelligence and perception and a photographic memory. He was able to recollect pages in a book and conversations with strangers from years ago as if it had happened mere moments before. Often, adults were left baffled or outraged at the peculiar actions and words that came from this mere boy.

Mahendra Trivedi felt such an extreme dissonance with his surroundings that, even as a young child, he knew he was destined for something more. Something bigger.

"I always knew I was different and felt that my sojourn on this planet was for a higher purpose."

Mahendra Trivedi grew into an outwardly normal and typical life path. Becoming a young man, he graduated from engineering college at the will and desire of his father. He worked as an engineer, insurance investigator, and eventually became a well-respected and highly successful businessman. However, his awareness of his atypical abilities continued to grow without falter.

Suddenly, on a momentous day in 1995, Mahendra Trivedi received "guidance" from what he refers to as the "Intelligence of the Universe" when he was laying down in a "trance-like" state that he could not identify as awake or asleep. He entered into a new state of awareness: Universal Consciousness. As per this guidance, Mr. Trivedi understood that he had a gift that was now to be used for the welfare of humankind. He left his old world and embarked on a new journey: a mission.
Click here to learn more about the Trivedi Effect!

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Mahendra Trivedi - Health Healing and Happiness

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Mahendra Trivedi: the Expeditionist; The Master of Transformation; Creator of the Trivedi Effect Mahendra Trivedi's expedition began when he was born in Central India in 1963. As a young child, it was evident Mr. Trivedi was a unique soul.

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		Mahendra Trivedi Joins Health, Healing & Happiness Conference
	

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		Mahendra Trivedi Joins Health, Healing & Happiness Conference
	

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| Mr. Mahendra Trivedi attended the 5th annual Health, Healing & Happiness Conference and Expo where people from across Las Vegas and beyond to celebrate healthy vegan living.

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Written and photography by Rose Watson

The fifth annual Health, Healing & Happiness Conference and Expo brought together people from across Las Vegas and beyond to celebrate healthy vegan living. The conference was held at the Tuscany Hotel and Casino June 10-12. Boasting a wide range of speakers and experts, the conference was focused on information and the spread of ideas about the vegan lifestyle and how to make healthy choices. Over the weekend, seminars were held on everything from self care and longevity to science and consciousness. The expo brought together several big names in the vegan community as well as many local businesses focused on health and happiness.

Over the course of three days, the conference hosted 20 seminars focusing on the themes of health, healing and happiness. Several yoga classes were offered throughout the weekend as well as an exercise boot camp hosted by John Pierre, a well-known fitness expert. There were several cooking demos hosted by well-known vegan and raw chefs. The seminars ranged from informative to inspirational and touched on points such as the danger of the modern American diet, the healing power of plants, longevity through superfoods, being a vegan cook, the power in knowing what is being eaten and more. Health, Healing & Happiness brought together some of the most compelling healthy living speakers including Dr. Joel Fuhrman, Chef AJ, Mahendra Trivedi, Don Tolman, Chef Keidi Awadu and Robert Cheeke. Each had a unique view of what healthy living meant, truly encapsulating the diversity of the event. The speakers covered health and wellness from every angle, some more scientific and some more emotional but all with a drive to help people make healthy decisions. Every speaker brought a unique energy to the room.

The energy of the conference itself was incredible. From the very beginning, attendees were finding old friends and making new ones. The crowd was vocally responsive to speakers throughout several seminars. Everyone was excited and energetic, and his or her attitude was infectious. The dealer's room was just as high energy. There were 70 venders offering their own unique products. Some focused on promoting a homeopathy practice in the city. Others had food products like vegan cookies or cakes. There were stands devoted to aura reading and tarot cards, as well as reiki energy readings. There were stands for local, home grown spices and teas, vegan, all natural deodorant and energy balancing jewelry. Every sales person and small business owner was ready to talk about the event, their product and their own opinion on health. They also loved engaging with attendees browsing along, asking questions and creating real connections with individuals. The positive energy was a huge boost to the conference as a whole.

Attendance at the Health Healing & Happiness was estimated at 1,000 attendees, the largest number to date. Ina Mohan first conceived the convention in 2012 because of her complete passion for personal well being. She started her own health and happiness journey when both of her parents were diagnosed with cancer. This tragedy sparked her interest in prevention through food, fitness, spirituality and personal growth. Mohan started her company Belsandia in 2009 to further her message of health and happiness, and from that beginning Mohan has created the Health, Healing & Happiness Conference for the vegan health community.

The conference has grown every year and created a community of its own full of welcoming people passionate about veganism. For more information on the Health, Healing & Happiness Conference, visit www.health-healing-happiness.com.

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Vegan Paradise at the Health, Healing & Happiness Conference and Expo

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Written and photography by Rose Watson The fifth annual Health, Healing & Happiness Conference and Expo brought together people from across Las Vegas and beyond to celebrate healthy vegan living. The conference was held at the Tuscany Hotel and Casino June 10-12.

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		Biofield Effect on Antimony & Bismuth Powders | SpringerLink
	

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		Biofield Effect on Antimony & Bismuth Powders | SpringerLink
	

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| The present investigation deals with the effect of a non-contact external energy (Biofield Energy) on the powders of antimony and bismuth. Read the interesting test revelation.

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Abstract

Next to atoms and molecules the powders are the smallest state of matter available in high purities and large quantities. The effect of any external energy on the shape, morphology and structure can thus be studied with relative ease. The present investigation deals with the effect of a non-contact external energy on the powders of antimony and bismuth. The characteristics of powders treated by external energy are compared with the as received powders (control). The average particle sizes, d ₅₀ and d ₉₉, the sizes below which 99% of the particles are present showed significant increase and decrease indicating that the energy had caused deformation and fracture as if the powders have been subjected to high energy milling.

To be able to understand the reasons for these changes the powders are characterized by techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), surface area determination (BET), thermal analytical techniques such as DTA-DTG, DSC-TGA and SDTA and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

The treated powder samples exhibited remarkable changes in the powder characteristics at all structural levels starting from polycrystalline particles, through single crystal to atoms. The external energy had changed the lattice parameters of the unit cell which in turn changed the crystallite size and density. The lattice parameters are then used to compute the weight and effective nuclear charge of the atom which showed significant variation. It is speculated that the external energy is acting on the nucleus through some reversible weak interaction of larger cross section causing changes in the proton to neutron ratios. Thus the effect is felt by all the atoms, and hence the unit cell, single crystal grain and grain boundaries. The stresses generated in turn may have caused deformation or fracture of the weak interfaces such as the crystallite and grain boundaries.

Keywords

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Effect of external energy on atomic, crystalline and powder characteristics of antimony and bismuth powders

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Next to atoms and molecules the powders are the smallest state of matter available in high purities and large quantities. The effect of any external energy on the shape, morphology and structure can thus be studied with relative ease. The present investigation deals with the effect of a non-contact external energy on the powders of antimony and bismuth.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	




	
	
		Mahendra Trivedi Researches & His Scientific Publications
	

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		Mahendra Trivedi Researches & His Scientific Publications
	

# data[].attributes.body
| Click the link and know about the Mahendra Trivedi's research publications and materials research innovations in agriculture, biotechnology, microbiology, materials science, genetics, cancer and human health.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
You Are Here: Home >> Health & Fitness >> Health Care >> United Arab Emirates >> Trivedi Master Wellness - Mahendra Trivedi, Mahendra...

April 04,2014 | United Arab Emirates | Health & Fitness

Many journals have published without hesitation the findings of our research in Materials Science and Microbiology.

United Arab Emirates, April 04,2014/Free-Press-Release.com/ -- Mahendra Kumar Trivedi has a unique ability to transmit an unknown energy through thoughts. This energy has the ability to transform all living organisms such as plants, trees, seeds, bacteria, viruses, fungi, animals, cancer cells, human cells¦everything. In the addition to that, this energy has the ability to transform nonliving materials, such as metals, ceramics, polymers, and chemicals by changing the structure of the atom permanently.

As a child, Mr. Trivedi exhibited unique abilities and extraordinarily high levels of perception and intelligence, including a photographic memory. He says he always knew he was different and felt that his sojourn on this planet was for a higher purpose.

Many journals have published without hesitation the findings of our research in Materials Science and Microbiology, and a fair number of physicists have come forward to express their support for the endeavor, while serious research work for further investigation has been undertaken by a number of laboratories in the US as well as in India. Some papers have also been presented and well-received at conferences.

The astonishing nature of the results does cause a deep and perhaps necessary skepticism in scientific-minded people, and there have also been many editors of journals who have shown reluctance in accepting a paper for publication. Caution in this area is understandable, but sometimes the reasons cited lack substance and appear to be manufactured excuses for steering clear of the field. It is apparent that courage is also necessary before the data is considered seriously. As the numbers of experiments continue to increase in many different fields, we anticipate that a lot of this skepticism will give way to more healthy discussions.

Abstracts and representative papers can be seen at the following links. The papers in the Material Sciences require a subscription to be visible in full online, but most of those in Microbiology are open-access.

Material Sciences:

1.

A transcendental to changing metal powder characteristics,Mahendra Trivedi and Rama Mohan Tallapragada, Metal Powder Report, Volume 63, Issue 9, October 2008, Pages 22-28, 31, doi:10.1016/ S0026-0657(08)70145-0 This journal has modified the title and abstract, but has retained the full substance of the paper, and we therefore thank the editor, Dr. R. Felton of Elsevier Ltd for showing true courage and impartiality.

2.

Effect of external energy on the atomic, crystalline, and powder characteristics of antimony and bismuth powders, Vikram V Dabhade, Rama Mohan R Tallapragada and Mahendra Trivedi, Bulletin Of Materials Science, Volume 32,No. 5, October 2009, PP 471-479

3.

Effect of super consciousness external energy on atomic, crystalline and powder characteristics of carbon allotrope powders, Trivedi, M.K, Tallapragada, R.R., Materials Research Innovations, Volume 13, Number 4, December 2009 , pp. 473-480(8)

Microbiology:

1.

Impact of an external energy on Staphylococcus epidermis[ATCC "13518] in relation to antibiotic susceptibility and biochemical reactions " An experimental study, Mahendra Trivedi and Shrikant Patil, Journal of Accord Integrative Medicine, Nov. 2008, Volume 4, Number 4:230-235, ISSN 1932-4642

2.

Impact of an external energy on Yersinia enterocolitica [ATCC "23715] in relation to antibiotic susceptibility and biochemical reactions: An experimental study, Mahendra kumarTrivedi andShrikantPatil, The Internet Journal of Alternative Medicine,2009, Volume 6 Number 2, ISSN: 1540-2584

3.

Impact of an external energy on Enterococcus faecalis [ATCC " 51299] in relation to antibiotic susceptibility and biochemical reactions " An experimental study, Mahendra Trivedi et.al Journal of Accord Integrative Medicine, 2009, Volume 5, Number 2: 119-130, ISSN 1932-4642

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# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Trivedi Master Wellness - Mahendra Trivedi, Mahendra Kumar Trivedi

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
You Are Here: Home >> Health & Fitness >> Health Care >> United Arab Emirates >> Trivedi Master Wellness - Mahendra Trivedi, Mahendra... April 04,2014 | United Arab Emirates | Health & Fitness United Arab Emirates, April 04,2014/Free-Press-Release.com/ -- Mahendra Kumar Trivedi has a unique ability to transmit an unknown energy through thoughts.

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		Mahendra Trivedi Biofield Energy Effect on Carbon Allotrope Powders
	

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		Mahendra Trivedi Biofield Energy Effect on Carbon Allotrope Powders
	

# data[].attributes.body
| The present paper is the first scientific report that deals with the effect of consciousness energy which Mahendra Trivedi uniquely communicates through thought intervention by sending an information signal that transforms carbon allotropes.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Effect of superconsciousness external energy on atomic, crystalline and powder characteristics of carbon allotrope powders

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Scientists are searching for eluding link between spirituality and science. Some believe fundamental essences of universe to be energy and information. As per current understanding, energy and matter always coexisted and is considered one and the same. Energy is considered as 'matter in perpetual motion' and matter as 'stationary energy'.

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		Biofield & Fungicide Seed Treatment | Iowa State University
	

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		Biofield & Fungicide Seed Treatment | Iowa State University
	

# data[].attributes.body
| The study conducted by Mahendra Trivedi and Team, to check biofield and fungicide seed treatment influence on soybean productivity, seed quality and weed community.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
"Biofield and Fungicide Seed Treatment Influences on Soybean Productivi" by Andrew W. Lenssen

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Soybean production in Iowa USA is among the most productive for rainfed regions in the world. Despite generally having excellent soils, growing season temperatures and rainfall, soybean yields are decreased by weed interference and inadequate available soil water at key stages of crop development.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	




	
	
		The Trivedi Effect Impact on Carbon Allotrope Powders
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	




	
	
		The Trivedi Effect Impact on Carbon Allotrope Powders
	

# data[].attributes.body
| Learn about the study conducted by Mahendra Trivedi to assess an impact of The Trivedi Effect (biofield energy) on atomic, crystalline and powder characteristics of carbon allotrope powders.

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		Trivedi Effect Impact on Antimony & Bismuth Powders
	

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		Trivedi Effect Impact on Antimony & Bismuth Powders
	

# data[].attributes.body
| Mahendra Trivedi's unique biofield treatment is known as The Trivedi Effect. The study conducted to check the influence of Trivedi Effect on antimony & bismuth powders.

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		Mahendra Trivedi's Metal Powder Report | Microsoft Academic
	

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		Mahendra Trivedi's Metal Powder Report | Microsoft Academic
	

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| The study conducted to asses the impact of Mahendra Trivedi's transcendental to changing metal powder characteristics.

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		Mahendra Trivedi – Creator of The Trivedi Effect
	

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		Mahendra Trivedi – Creator of The Trivedi Effect
	

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| Mahendra Trivedi's ultimate discovery the Trivedi Effect has transformed more than 250,000 lives, empowering its recipients to discover their life purpose and realize their potential for greatness.

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Mahendra Trivedi: the Expeditionist; The Master of Transformation; Creator of the Trivedi Effect
Mahendra Trivedi's expedition began when he was born in Central India in 1963. As a young child, it was evident Mr. Trivedi was a unique soul. He displayed many abilities that children his age didn't have the mental capacity, awareness or maturity for. Further, he held no desire to play with the other children of his age. He was more interested in inheriting the wisdom of his elders.

His abilities were unique by nature and left him often questioning the nature of his own society, culture and the logic and actions of the adults around him. Amongst his atypical abilities were extraordinarily high levels of intelligence and perception and a photographic memory. He was able to recollect pages in a book and conversations with strangers from years ago as if it had happened mere moments before. Often, adults were left baffled or outraged at the peculiar actions and words that came from this mere boy.

Mahendra Trivedi felt such an extreme dissonance with his surroundings that, even as a young child, he knew he was destined for something more. Something bigger.

"I always knew I was different and felt that my sojourn on this planet was for a higher purpose."

Mahendra Trivedi grew into an outwardly normal and typical life path. Becoming a young man, he graduated from engineering college at the will and desire of his father. He worked as an engineer, insurance investigator, and eventually became a well-respected and highly successful businessman. However, his awareness of his atypical abilities continued to grow without falter.

Suddenly, on a momentous day in 1995, Mahendra Trivedi received "guidance" from what he refers to as the "Intelligence of the Universe" when he was laying down in a "trance-like" state that he could not identify as awake or asleep. He entered into a new state of awareness: Universal Consciousness. As per this guidance, Mr. Trivedi understood that he had a gift that was now to be used for the welfare of humankind. He left his old world and embarked on a new journey: a mission.
Click here to learn more about the Trivedi Effect!

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Mahendra Trivedi - Health Healing and Happiness

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Mahendra Trivedi: the Expeditionist; The Master of Transformation; Creator of the Trivedi Effect Mahendra Trivedi's expedition began when he was born in Central India in 1963. As a young child, it was evident Mr. Trivedi was a unique soul.

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		Mahendra Trivedi Joins Health, Healing & Happiness Conference
	

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		Mahendra Trivedi Joins Health, Healing & Happiness Conference
	

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| Mr. Mahendra Trivedi attended the 5th annual Health, Healing & Happiness Conference and Expo where people from across Las Vegas and beyond to celebrate healthy vegan living.

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Written and photography by Rose Watson

The fifth annual Health, Healing & Happiness Conference and Expo brought together people from across Las Vegas and beyond to celebrate healthy vegan living. The conference was held at the Tuscany Hotel and Casino June 10-12. Boasting a wide range of speakers and experts, the conference was focused on information and the spread of ideas about the vegan lifestyle and how to make healthy choices. Over the weekend, seminars were held on everything from self care and longevity to science and consciousness. The expo brought together several big names in the vegan community as well as many local businesses focused on health and happiness.

Over the course of three days, the conference hosted 20 seminars focusing on the themes of health, healing and happiness. Several yoga classes were offered throughout the weekend as well as an exercise boot camp hosted by John Pierre, a well-known fitness expert. There were several cooking demos hosted by well-known vegan and raw chefs. The seminars ranged from informative to inspirational and touched on points such as the danger of the modern American diet, the healing power of plants, longevity through superfoods, being a vegan cook, the power in knowing what is being eaten and more. Health, Healing & Happiness brought together some of the most compelling healthy living speakers including Dr. Joel Fuhrman, Chef AJ, Mahendra Trivedi, Don Tolman, Chef Keidi Awadu and Robert Cheeke. Each had a unique view of what healthy living meant, truly encapsulating the diversity of the event. The speakers covered health and wellness from every angle, some more scientific and some more emotional but all with a drive to help people make healthy decisions. Every speaker brought a unique energy to the room.

The energy of the conference itself was incredible. From the very beginning, attendees were finding old friends and making new ones. The crowd was vocally responsive to speakers throughout several seminars. Everyone was excited and energetic, and his or her attitude was infectious. The dealer's room was just as high energy. There were 70 venders offering their own unique products. Some focused on promoting a homeopathy practice in the city. Others had food products like vegan cookies or cakes. There were stands devoted to aura reading and tarot cards, as well as reiki energy readings. There were stands for local, home grown spices and teas, vegan, all natural deodorant and energy balancing jewelry. Every sales person and small business owner was ready to talk about the event, their product and their own opinion on health. They also loved engaging with attendees browsing along, asking questions and creating real connections with individuals. The positive energy was a huge boost to the conference as a whole.

Attendance at the Health Healing & Happiness was estimated at 1,000 attendees, the largest number to date. Ina Mohan first conceived the convention in 2012 because of her complete passion for personal well being. She started her own health and happiness journey when both of her parents were diagnosed with cancer. This tragedy sparked her interest in prevention through food, fitness, spirituality and personal growth. Mohan started her company Belsandia in 2009 to further her message of health and happiness, and from that beginning Mohan has created the Health, Healing & Happiness Conference for the vegan health community.

The conference has grown every year and created a community of its own full of welcoming people passionate about veganism. For more information on the Health, Healing & Happiness Conference, visit www.health-healing-happiness.com.

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Vegan Paradise at the Health, Healing & Happiness Conference and Expo

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Written and photography by Rose Watson The fifth annual Health, Healing & Happiness Conference and Expo brought together people from across Las Vegas and beyond to celebrate healthy vegan living. The conference was held at the Tuscany Hotel and Casino June 10-12.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	




	
	
		Biofield Effect on Antimony & Bismuth Powders | SpringerLink
	

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		Biofield Effect on Antimony & Bismuth Powders | SpringerLink
	

# data[].attributes.body
| The present investigation deals with the effect of a non-contact external energy (Biofield Energy) on the powders of antimony and bismuth. Read the interesting test revelation.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Abstract

Next to atoms and molecules the powders are the smallest state of matter available in high purities and large quantities. The effect of any external energy on the shape, morphology and structure can thus be studied with relative ease. The present investigation deals with the effect of a non-contact external energy on the powders of antimony and bismuth. The characteristics of powders treated by external energy are compared with the as received powders (control). The average particle sizes, d ₅₀ and d ₉₉, the sizes below which 99% of the particles are present showed significant increase and decrease indicating that the energy had caused deformation and fracture as if the powders have been subjected to high energy milling.

To be able to understand the reasons for these changes the powders are characterized by techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), surface area determination (BET), thermal analytical techniques such as DTA-DTG, DSC-TGA and SDTA and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

The treated powder samples exhibited remarkable changes in the powder characteristics at all structural levels starting from polycrystalline particles, through single crystal to atoms. The external energy had changed the lattice parameters of the unit cell which in turn changed the crystallite size and density. The lattice parameters are then used to compute the weight and effective nuclear charge of the atom which showed significant variation. It is speculated that the external energy is acting on the nucleus through some reversible weak interaction of larger cross section causing changes in the proton to neutron ratios. Thus the effect is felt by all the atoms, and hence the unit cell, single crystal grain and grain boundaries. The stresses generated in turn may have caused deformation or fracture of the weak interfaces such as the crystallite and grain boundaries.

Keywords

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Effect of external energy on atomic, crystalline and powder characteristics of antimony and bismuth powders

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Next to atoms and molecules the powders are the smallest state of matter available in high purities and large quantities. The effect of any external energy on the shape, morphology and structure can thus be studied with relative ease. The present investigation deals with the effect of a non-contact external energy on the powders of antimony and bismuth.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	




	
	
		Mahendra Trivedi Researches & His Scientific Publications
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	




	
	
		Mahendra Trivedi Researches & His Scientific Publications
	

# data[].attributes.body
| Click the link and know about the Mahendra Trivedi's research publications and materials research innovations in agriculture, biotechnology, microbiology, materials science, genetics, cancer and human health.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	




	
	
		Mahendra Trivedi Biofield Energy Effect on Carbon Allotrope Powders
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	




	
	
		Mahendra Trivedi Biofield Energy Effect on Carbon Allotrope Powders
	

# data[].attributes.body
| The present paper is the first scientific report that deals with the effect of consciousness energy which Mahendra Trivedi uniquely communicates through thought intervention by sending an information signal that transforms carbon allotropes.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Effect of superconsciousness external energy on atomic, crystalline and powder characteristics of carbon allotrope powders

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Scientists are searching for eluding link between spirituality and science. Some believe fundamental essences of universe to be energy and information. As per current understanding, energy and matter always coexisted and is considered one and the same. Energy is considered as 'matter in perpetual motion' and matter as 'stationary energy'.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	




	
	
		Biofield & Fungicide Seed Treatment | Iowa State University
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	




	
	
		Biofield & Fungicide Seed Treatment | Iowa State University
	

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
"Biofield and Fungicide Seed Treatment Influences on Soybean Productivi" by Andrew W. Lenssen

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Soybean production in Iowa USA is among the most productive for rainfed regions in the world. Despite generally having excellent soils, growing season temperatures and rainfall, soybean yields are decreased by weed interference and inadequate available soil water at key stages of crop development.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	




	
	
		The Trivedi Effect Impact on Carbon Allotrope Powders
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	




	
	
		The Trivedi Effect Impact on Carbon Allotrope Powders
	

# data[].attributes.body
| Learn about the study conducted by Mahendra Trivedi to assess an impact of The Trivedi Effect (biofield energy) on atomic, crystalline and powder characteristics of carbon allotrope powders.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	




	
	
		Trivedi Effect Impact on Antimony & Bismuth Powders
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	




	
	
		Trivedi Effect Impact on Antimony & Bismuth Powders
	

# data[].attributes.body
| Mahendra Trivedi's unique biofield treatment is known as The Trivedi Effect. The study conducted to check the influence of Trivedi Effect on antimony & bismuth powders.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	




	
	
		Mahendra Trivedi's Metal Powder Report | Microsoft Academic
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	




	
	
		Mahendra Trivedi's Metal Powder Report | Microsoft Academic
	

# data[].attributes.body
| The study conducted to asses the impact of Mahendra Trivedi's transcendental to changing metal powder characteristics.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	




	
	
		Human Biofield Energy Influence on Triphenyl Phosphate
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	




	
	
		Human Biofield Energy Influence on Triphenyl Phosphate
	

# data[].attributes.body
| The study was an attempt to check the influence of human biofield energy treatment on physicochemical and spectroscopic properties of Triphenyl Phosphate.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Physicochemical and Spectroscopic Characterization of Biofield Treated Triphenyl Phosphate

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is a triester of phosphoric acid and phenol. It is commonly used as a fire-retarding agent and plasticizer for nitrocellulose and cellulose acetate. The present study was an attempt to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment on physicochemical and spectroscopic properties of TPP.

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		Properties of Biofield Energy Treated Triphenylmethane | OSF
	

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		Properties of Biofield Energy Treated Triphenylmethane | OSF
	

# data[].attributes.body
| A test conducted by Mahendra trivedi, to investigate the physical, thermal and spectroscopical characterization of biofield energy treated triphenylmethane.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Physical, Thermal and Spectroscopical Characterization of Biofield Treated Triphenylmethane: An Impact of Biofield Treatment

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Triphenylmethane is a synthetic dye used as antimicrobial agent and for the chemical visualization in thin layer chromatography of higher fatty acids, fatty alcohols, and aliphatic amines. The present study was an attempt to investigate the impact of biofield treatment on physical, thermal and spectroscopical charecteristics of triphenylmethane.