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Anger of Parties Promised Land in exchange for fighting in WWI

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Anger of Parties Promised Land in exchange for fighting in WWI

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Effect of Global Depression on Brazil?
Economy ruined because coffee priced plummeted, which was a major part of their industry. They were forced to dump coffee into the ocean. Foreign investment dropped down to zero, so they had no help there.
How do the steps that Vargas takes compare to those of other totalitarian rulers at the time?
He tried to better the economy by applying some modern stratagems such as having paid vacation, minimum wage, and maternity leave, introducing social security, and expanding the domestic industrial base. He did better than other totalitarian leaders at the time. He also copied many of these ideas from the US.

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Plans?
Stalin's growing power and totalitarianism allowed him to create the 5 Year Plans to increase productivity and industry rapidly  in the Soviet Union and make them an industrial superpower. He also  planned to control agriculture by taking lands from farmers and combing them to create large areas of farmland.
Targeting?
To further secure his rule, Stalin conducted a "purge" of people he deemed unworthy or not loyal in the government, and also used prisoners as mass forced labor in gulags to help build the factories he needed to accomplish his ambitious goals.
Effects?
Stalin's plans did improve the industrial part of the Soviet union, but there were major consequences for his actions. The large amount of forced labor coming from gulags and other camps to help build develop factories for production were in terrible conditions and hundreds of thousands died of starvation, cold, or execution. Also, the agricultural policies and practices that Stalin enforced played a role in the devastating famine that starved and killed thousand of Ukrainian and Russian peasants. Although Stalin's plans benefited the Soviet union, his fast pace and harsh policies were hurtful to his people.

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Stalin's 5 Year Plans & Collectivization (Obed)

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Stalin's 5 Year Plans & Collectivization (Obed)

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What were they?
Stalin's five-year plans were a series of initiatives that would hopefully lift Russia out of bad times, with high unemployment rates and the fallout after the many conflicts and fighting during the Bolshevik Revolution and WWI. They were meant to improve the Soviet Union and turn it into an industrial powerhouse.
What were the goals?
Stalin's plans were centered around rapid industrialization and the collectivization of farmland. He wanted the Soviet Union to become an industrial-based nation rather than peasant agriculture-based.
What were the outcomes?
Stalin's five hear plans to promote industry resulted in a drastic increase od consumer and commercial goods as well in the rate of production and the size of the industry in Russia, making it an industrial superpower, but the collectivization of many farms resulted in large-scale famine in many regions, and forced labor camps for prisoners also killed thousands of people.

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Rising Nationalism and Anti-Colonial Movements 

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Rising Nationalism and Anti-Colonial Movements 

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Colonies of allied powers felt betrayed that their sacrifices during the war were not acknowledged, and angered that they were not afforded the opportunity for self-determination that some European peoples were given

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Chinese Nationalist Party & Sun Yatsen (Oscar)

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Chinese Nationalist Party & Sun Yatsen (Oscar)

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Grievances?
Many felt the Qing Dynasty was heading the wrong direction, wanted to restore Han Dynasty. They were under the control of the minority monarchy.
Plans?
Overthrow the Qing Dynasty and replace it with their own government
Targeting?
Qing Dynasty and the emperor, Puyi, and the idea of  traditional monarchy
Effects?
Qing dynasty was removed and replaced with the Republic of China, except not really, because the provisional coalition government was also formed, which caused a civil war between the 2 parties later on down the road

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Grievances?
Great Britain and France decided to give the land that had originally been China's to Japan, who also wanted it.

Plans?
The Chinese Communist Party planned to take control over China in a peasant revolution.
Targeting?
They were targeting Chiang Kaishek, the leader of the Chinese Nationalist Party, who also believed in the ancient ways, Confucianism for example.
Effects?
Even though the Chinese Communist Party was originally defeated by the Chinese Nationalist Party, they eventually gained the full support of the peasants and won control of the country.

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What is it?
It was an imperialist concept which originated in the Empire of Japan. It extended across the Asia-Pacific and promoted the cultural and economic cooperation and unity of all Asian cultures.
What are the goals?
The goals were to unite the East Asians, Southeast Asians, South Asians and Oceanians. It also declared an idea to create a group of Asian nations which would be led by the Japanese Empire.

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1. Effect of Global Depression on Japan?
The effects of the global depression on Japan were an obvious decline of international trade, since their economy relied on it. There was mass unemployment and starvation among many peasants.
2. New Territories Seized?
Manchuria and Jehol.
3. Why did they leave the League of Nations?
The League of Nations did not approve of Japan’s actions in Manchuria, so Japan left the League of Nations in order to gain more land.

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Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia

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Areas of Africa, Asia, and Latin America that were economically dependent on Imperial powers experience severe economic consequences

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What is it?
The New Deal was a domestic reform program under FDR's administration that was meant to bring about economic relief as well as reforms in industry, agriculture, finance, and other sectors.
Relief?
The relief programs were meant to stop the economic freefall and help the poor and unemployed. Programs in this category included the Emergency Banking Act, which only allowed for solvent banks to remain open, and also implemented the capability for banks to take holidays on days that would generate lots of panic to ensure that people did not flock to banks and make panicked financial decisions. Other programs like the FERA, the CWA, and the CCC provided immediate relief in the form of cash and temporary employment.
Recovery?
The recovery programs were meant to help the economy bounce back and recover. The National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933 was enacted with the goal of increasing the funding for the Works Progress Administration, give more bargaining power to unions, and reduce competition that could harm the industry. The National Recovery Administration established a "blanket code" which called for a work week of between 35-45 hours and a minimum wage of 20-45 cents.  The goal of this was to increase employment and costumer purchasing power.
Reform?
The reform part of the New Deal was essentially to prevent something like the Great Depression from ever happening again. It sought to target the roots of the depression and prevent it from occurring again by strengthening and stabilizing the weaker sectors.

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Starting with the US, countries begin passing tariffs intending to protect their domestic economies.
How does this help create a GLOBAL depression?

Countries originally had good intentions by trying to save their domestic economies by increasing tariffs on imports to encourage demostic producers being supported and goods being produced on the domestic front. However, this protectionism resulted in "trade walls" between countries. As every country followed suit, countries' imports shrank but their exports plummeted. The Golden Rule of Protectionism: Tariff unto others as you would have others tariff unto you. What occurred is that countries would have very high tariffs on goods from other countries, so other countries were forced to retaliate in kind with high tariffs of their own, creating a never ending cycle which reduced both imports and exports everywhere and had massive detrimental effects on the economy.

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1. After a brief surge in the 20's people have over-invested in the stock market  --> Crash
2. Agricultural Overproduction --> low prices on goods --> farmers can't pay off debts
3. European debtors aren't paying

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France and Britain are counting on German reparations and Soviet debt repayments in order to pay their own debts, no money in = no money out

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Grievances?
Many Italians were angered after they were not given territory after the Treaty of Versailles and felt that they should have spheres of influence over the Mediterranean as they believed themselves to be the most powerful Mediterranean country.
Plans?
Mussolini wanted to have control over the Mediterranean sea and expand his country. He wanted Italy to become a powerful and feared country, and believed gaining territory was an important part of this plan.
Targeting?
Mussolini targeted Yugoslavs and specifically Serbs. He said that Serbs were a barbaric, inferior race and wanted to expand into their territory to grow Italy's borders. He participated in ethnic cleansing, deportation, and created concentration camps where the Slavs such as the Slovenes and Serbs were sent. Mussolini also targeted Jews, especially after his alliance with Hitler. They created laws such as the Italian Race Laws, which prohibited Jews and Slavs from certain positions and ownerships.
Effects?
Italy changed to have only one political party, become more militarized, lose its democracy in favor of a totalitarian ruler, and gain expansionist policies, not just for their country, but by targeting others such as Yugoslavs. This also caused them to join forces with Germany during WWII and brought poverty to Italy after they lost, with a fragmented country and high unemployment and taxes.

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Grievances?
Hitler believed that WWI had ended too soon and too quickly and believed that the Weimar Republic had sold out Germany by agreeing to the Trety of Versailles.
Plans?
The Nazi party planned to gain as much of a following in Germany from the entire political spectrum by providing a wide range of policies that appealed to many people. The party developed a 25 points manifesto, in which it declared that they wanted the peace treaties of Versailles to be cancelled, they wanted colonies, only Germans could be citizens and no Jews could be German citizens, and many other extremist and nationalist policies.
Targeting?
The Nazi party with Hitler as its leader targetted as wide of a scope of people as it possibly could. By intentionally keeping their intentions somewhat vague, the party appealed to both left and right-wing politics because most of these people agreed with at least one of the party's policies.
Effects?
The Nazi party won over the majority of the German people with the promise of stability and security. In 1939, Hitler directly started the second world war by invading poland. This, over the following years, resulted in over 50 million total lives being lost, and also Germany systematically pursuing their goal of eradicating Jews and killing over 6 millions Jews during the war.

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Germany doesn't have money to pay, so they just print more

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Growing Resentment of the Weimar Republic

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Growing Resentment of the Weimar Republic

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China wants German Colonies in East Asia

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China wants German Colonies in East Asia

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China supported the Allied Powers in the war

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(none of the other Cental Powers exist anymore)

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- France experienced devastation due to being a major front of the war
- Britain wants payback too

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- "Peace without Victory"
- Self-Determination for former Central Powers territories
- 14 Points & League of Nations

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Bolshevik Russia refused to pay their war debts to the Allied Powers  --> Allied Powers refuse to recognize the new Bolshevik government

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Italy switched alliances in 1917 with the promise of new territory if/when the Allied Powers won.

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Nationalists?
Alliance of falangists, monarchists, conservatives and traditionalists led by General Francisco Franco. Defend the Catholic Church, as it was under fire by the Loyalists. Wanted to return to having a monarch.
Republicans/Loyalists?
Supported liberal democracy, supported by urban workers, agricultural labourers, and parts of the middle class.
Some Historians argue that the Spanish Civil War is the actual beginning of WWII, to what extent do you agree or disagree and why?
I do not think that it was the actual beginning of WW2. It was more like setting the stage, the prelude to WW2. It initiated the war against facism, which would drag many other countries into WW2.