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Abbreviation and signal is helpful to take down note quickly. Students should figure out a set of shorthand skill by themselves, which can be used flexibly and understand easily. It is unnecessary to follow a fixed pattern of shorthand, but to use the method suitable for oneself.
For instance, some signals and abbreviations are time-saving for note taking :
1) Abbreviations: & - and, w/ - with, w/o - without, vs - against, e.g. - example, dept - department, pres - presentation, subj - subject, max - maximum, intro - introduction, prob - problem.

2) Signals: < - less than, > - more than, + - many, - - little/ few, = - in other words, x - not/ negative/ wrong.

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There are evidences to explain and support the idea in lecture, words for giving examples should be focused in lecture. To make a concept more concrete, expressions used to give example are more understandable and easier to grasp. Students should try to take down information after words of giving examples, so as to comprehend difficult concept in lecture.
For instance, phrases of giving examples can be :
for example, for instance, such as, like, that is, namely, to illustrate, as an illustration ...

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Words of personal opinion and perspective 

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Words of personal opinion and perspective 

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When lecturer expresses their own opinion and idea, they apply words and sentences delivering personal opinion. To distinguish subjective opinion and objective factors, phrases used for personal idea are commonly applied, which are basic to understand the lecture. The content after those phrases should be focused while taking notes.
For instance, words to express personal opinion and perspective can be :
believe, maintain, consider, in my point of view, in my opinion, as far as I’m concerned ...

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To make the lecture more plausible, logic words are used to enhance the coherence and logic relationship. Words representing casual, contrast, transition and complementary relationship are important in note taking. By means of logic words, students can understand semantic relation within the context, and focus on content after logic words.
For instance, logic words can be :
but, however, nevertheless, therefore, consequently, hence, on the contrary, in addition, furthermore, besides ...

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The key concept and idea are not likely to be mentioned for once in lecture. To emphasize the important idea, there will be expressions highlighting, reiterating and focusing on key information. Therefore, students should pay attention to contents after emphasizing expressions like :
indeed, really, certainly, absolutely, in similar terms, the most important is ...

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Lecture commonly has clear structure. In the beginning or at the end of an argument, there usually has summarizing words or sentences. This makes the lecture clear and plausible, which accurately convey the meaning of lecturer. Moreover, students are able to grasp ideas and arguments better by means of summarizing words like :
to sum up, in summary, in a word, generally, to conclude, in brief, above all, to draw the conclusion, on the whole, in short ...

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Lecture is constructed according to time and order. Words of sequence are signals directing arguments and evidences, which is helpful to comprehend the content.
While taking notes, students should be careful to words of time, conjunctions and linking words. Pay attention to those words and contents after them. Taken down those words on your notes in sequence. This is also assistive for your further understanding and review of the lecture.
For instance, you can take down notes with sequence words in this way :
first of all, the second point, thirdly ...