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When two plates move away from each other.

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Harry Hess was the scientist who helped to discover the process of seafloor spreading.

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A German Scientist who originally started off as a meteorologist (weather).

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A deep valley that forms where two plates move apart.

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A plate boundary were two plates move towards each other.

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A plate Boundary where two plates move past each other in the opposite directions.

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A break in the Earth’s crust where slabs of rock slip past each other.

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The theory that piece’s of Earth’s lithosphere are in constant motion, driven by convection currents in the mantle.

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A well tested concept that explains a wide range of observations.

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A section of the Lithosphere that slowly moves over the asthenosphere, carrying pieces of continental and oceanic crust.

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The process by which the ocean floor sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench and back into the mantle at a convergent plate boundary.

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A deep valley along the ocean floor through which oceanic crust slowly sinks towards the ocean floor.

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The process by which molten material adds new oceanic crust to the ocean floor.

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The undersea mountain chain where new ocean floor is produced; a divergent plate boundary.

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Scratches or gouges cut into bedrock.

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A theory that proposed that the continents were once all joined together in a single landmass and had since drifted apart.

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The movement of fluid, caused by differences in temperature, that transfers heat from one part of the fluid to another.

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Oceanic Plate to Continental Plate (Convergent)

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Oceanic Plate to Continental Plate (Convergent)

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What Happens?
The more dense oceanic plate sinks beneath the less dense, continental plate.

Results:
- An offshore trench forms

- Seafloor is destroyed as it sinks back down into the mantle.

- The subducting oceanic plates melts and magma rises to form coastal volcanoes/volcanic mountains.

- Earthquakes

Location Examples:
- Western coast of South America

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Oceanic Plate​ ​to Oceanic Plate (Divergent)

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Oceanic Plate​ ​to Oceanic Plate (Divergent)

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What Happens?
Oceanic plates move apart, new magma rises from the mantle to fill in the gap.
Results:
- Mid-Ocean Ridge

- New Seafloor is Created

- Old Seafloor is pushed to the side

- Small Earthquakes

Location Examples:

- Mid-Atlantic Ridge

- East Pacific Rise

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Continental Plate to Continental Plate (Divergent)

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Continental Plate to Continental Plate (Divergent)

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What Happens?
A continental plate spreads in two different directions, collapsing the central rift.
Results:
- As the continent spreads apart, the middle will get thinner forming a rift valley.

- The rift valley will slowly fill in with water, eventually creating a new ocean.

- Earthquakes

Location Examples:

- East African Rift Valley