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1965 - Improve anti-discrimination laws in Canada

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1965 - Improve anti-discrimination laws in Canada

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The Negro Association, Montréal's primary civil rights group, established “Expression,” a magazine that was used to conduct an aggressive campaign to improve anti-discrimination laws in Québec and across Canada.
Why this is an important event:
This is an important event because it shows how they were trying to improve anti-discrimination laws for Black people in Canada.

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1966 - Perry Anderson was failing Black students in his class

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1966 - Perry Anderson was failing Black students in his class

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About eight or nine Black students were being failed regularly in Perry Anderson's class.
Why this is an important event:
This is an important event because it shows the racism Black students were facing by Perry Anderson.

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1968 - University set up a committee to investigate and resolve the problem

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1968 - University set up a committee to investigate and resolve the problem

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14 students went to present their case. It took them 8 months to force this issue. The university to set up a committee to investigate and resolve the problem, within the university administration.
Why this is an important event:
This is an important event because this was the first step they took towards resolving the issue.

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A large meeting called the hearing committee meeting. The student protesters felt that the committee was completely invalid. Perry Anderson got to clear himself in that meeting. The university was acting in an inappropriate, unjust manner.
Why this is an important event:
This is an important event because it shows how the Black students were not taken seriously.

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Cause: The Hearing Committee Meeting was formed because the 14 students went to present their case and report Perry Anderson for racism.
Consequence: The university did not take the Black students seriously which caused them to hold a sit-in on the ninth floor.

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1969 - Students held a sit-in on the ninth floor of the university

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1969 - Students held a sit-in on the ninth floor of the university

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They continued the meeting on the ninth floor in the computer centre, which was the only room that the meeting would continue in. More than 200 students decided to peacefully occupy the ninth floor of the building. The police decided to intervene and use force to get the students out of the building. This resulted in over 2 million dollars worth of damages and 97 people arrested.
Why this is an important event:
This is an important event because it shows that Black students and allies were trying to create change, but it became very chaotic because the police got involved and disrupted the peace.

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1969 - Kennedy Fredericks ran off to Tanzania

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1969 - Kennedy Fredericks ran off to Tanzania

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Kennedy Fredericks failed to appear in court for his kidnapping trial. He ran off to Tanzania, with the protester’s blessings and all of their money because all of them had paid for his bail. This is because the people in Montreal wanted him to be hanged and crucified, so the protesters told him to run.
Why this is an important event:
This is an important event because it shows the extent of how bad it was, to the point where Kennedy Fredericks feared for his life.

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1970 - In Trinidad, they shut down the University of Woodford Square

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1970 - In Trinidad, they shut down the University of Woodford Square

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In Trinidad, they passed the state of emergency because they wanted the army to come out and quell the people’s demonstrations in the street; the people were demonstrating every day. The University of Woodford Square became a people’s parliament and the government shut it down to prevent the expression of the people.
Why this is an important event:
This is an important event because it shows the Trinidadian government trying to prevent the expression of the people.

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Change: Because of the protest they created the Ombudsman's Office, which involved students in the decision-making process. Allowing their voices to be heard.
Continuity: The Ombudsman's Office is still in effect to this day. This allows students' complaints to be addressed and to not allow another event like this to happen again.

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1971 - The creation of Ombudsman's Office

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1971 - The creation of Ombudsman's Office

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A new set of rules and rights were approved by the administration. The university's decision-making process now involved the students. To address students' complaints, the institution created an Ombudsman's Office.
Why this is an important event:
This is an important event because change for Black students was finally starting to happen.

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1974 - Anne Cools created Women in Transition Inc.

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1974 - Anne Cools created Women in Transition Inc.

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Anne Cools created Women in Transition Inc., which was one of Canada's first women's shelters for victims of violence.
Why this is an important event:
This is an important event because she turned a negative situation into a positive one by working to help women against violence.

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1975 - Rosie Douglas went to prison and was later deported

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1975 - Rosie Douglas went to prison and was later deported

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Rosie Douglas served 18 months in prison because he was viewed as a “Radical Militant” and a threat to Canadian national security. After Douglas served 18 months in prison on the charges of Arson, Douglas was deported back to his home country of Dominica.
Why this is an important event:
This is an important event because Warren Heart worked to infiltrate radical groups and he illegally recorded Douglas’ conversations, which caused him to get sent to prison.

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Anne Cools served 4 months in jail.
Why this is an important event:
This is an important event because she was sent to jail for peacefully protesting.

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1984 - Anne Cools was appointed to the Senate

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1984 - Anne Cools was appointed to the Senate

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Anne Cools was recommended by Prime Minister Pierre Elliott Trudeau and appointed to the Senate by Governor General Edward Schreyer. She was the first Black woman to sit in the chamber.
Why this is an important event:
This is an important event because it was a turning point for Black women in Canada, as she was the first Black woman to sit in the chamber.