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"We‘ve come to the point where participants in the semiconductor industry recognize they have to move along at least at that rate or fall behind technologically. And in this business that can be a disaster…‖" Gordon Moore on Moore's Law on April 13,2005 40th anniversary of Moores Lawc

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Industrial Process Control

Microprocessor are the indispensable part of our day to day machines we come across.Be it an elevator,gasoline pump,computer server,digital kiosk,surveillance systems etc. The transport industry also heavily depends on the information provided by the microprocessor

Mediical Field

Many Medical Devices use microprocessors such as insulin pump,diabetes checker.The microprocessors perform various function such as bio sensors,storing measurements, and analysing results.Microprocessors , in present age have transformed into a major part of the defense industry and its application are growing with time giving a whole new dimension to Military Combat.

Microprocessors are heavily used in Communication industry for various puposes like sattelite communication

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Microprocessor (single -chip computers) are the building blocks of the information world. Their performance has grown 1,000-fold over the past 20 years, driven by transistor speed and energy scaling, as well as by micro-architecture advances that exploited the transistor density gains from Moore’s Law. Our aim here is to reflect and project the macro trends shaping the evolution of microprocessors and sketch in broad strokes where processor design is going. Microprocessors were invented in 1971 but it’s difficult today to believe any of the early inventors could have conceived their extraordinary evolution in structure and use over the past 40 years. Since the birth of microprocessors in 1971, the IC industry has successfully maintained an incredibly rapid increase in performance. For example, the integer performance of the Intel family of microprocessors has been raised over the last quarter of century by an astonishingly high rate of about two orders of magnitude per decade [1]. This impressive development and the underlying innovative techniques have inspired a number of overview papers [2]–[7]. These reviews emphasized either the techniques introduced or the quantitative aspects of the evolution. In contrast, our paper addresses the incentives and implications of the major steps in microprocessor evolution

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Yash-Journal on VLSI impact on microprocessor Evolutions

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Yash-Journal on VLSI impact on microprocessor Evolutions

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Sarthak- Journal on Microprocessor Evolution

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Sarthak- Journal on Microprocessor Evolution

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Decisive Aspects in the Evolution of Microprocessor

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Rishi -  Present Newly Released Microprocessor 

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Rishi -  Present Newly Released Microprocessor 

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Intel recently releses its 6th gen processors known as "SKYLAKE". It comes in i5 and i7 version.

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Skylake specs leaked, 10nm chips in 2017, Radeon 300 series coming soon

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Specs for Intel's Skylake chipset are leaked, as well as info on 10nm chips coming in 2017; AMD says they're putting the "finishing touches" on the Rx 300 series; SAFFiR is a firefighting robot with sea legs.

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INTEL first 8 core CPU

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Intel's First 8-Core Desktop CPU & DDR4 Memory!

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Audible: http://www.audible.com/tomorrow Learn more about all Intel's new releases here: http://www.techoftomorrow.com/2014/pc/intel-reinvents-the-desktop-for-2014-and-introduces-4-new-overclocking-products/ Subscribe! http://bit.ly/SubTechofTomorrow Try Amazon Prime FREE for 30 Days & Support Tech of Tomorrow! http://amzn.to/12JFYau Don't forget to check out the website! http://www.techoftomorrow.com Check us out on Facebook! http://www.facebook.com/TechofTomorrow Stay updated on Twitter! http://www.twitter.com/techof_tomorrow Tech of Tomorrow Music!

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Present and Upcoming FUTURE of Microprocessors

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integrated circuit | Types, Uses, & Function

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Integrated circuit: Integrated circuit, an assembly of electronic components with miniature devices built up on a semiconductor substrate.

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Yash-VlSI

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Bottlenecks are the glitches that affect the performance of microprocessor by slowing down the exchange process of the information between the CPU and the memory.

Bottlenecks can also affect the network performance by hindering the transmission process of information across the networks.

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Sources of information on History of Microprocessors by Kartik Bali 

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Sources of information on History of Microprocessors by Kartik Bali 

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1)Nick Tredenick :Forces Driving Microprocessor Evolution :journal )

2)Microprocessor Architecture Program ;Ramesh S (publisher:Prentice Hall 1988)

4)History of Microprocessors :Beatrice Inc. (Journal;Michael R Betker ,John S Fernando,Shaun P Whalen

5)Wiley online library :History of Microprocessors

onlinelibrarywiley. com

6)http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iSKGVncs_ZQ

7) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4qP0ox5F-6I

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Microprocessor :How it Evolved-Kartik Bali 

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Microprocessor :How it Evolved-Kartik Bali 

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this is a short clip about the history of microprocessors for a school project

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Example Of Future Of MicroprocessorDiamond Microprocessor which would be made up of nitrogen and Carbon 13.

- It contains millions of Optical Cavaties

- Each consisting of an array of holes etched into a shape of diamond

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Which microprocessors are used on the daily basis nowdays ?

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When was the first IC chip developed?

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"In about 10 years or so, we will see the collapse of Moore's Law," Kaku said. "In fact, we already see a slowing down of Moore's Law. Computing power simply cannot maintain its rapid exponential rise using standard silicon technology."

The prediction was made by Intel co-founder Gordon Moore in 1965. It holds that the number of transistors on a chip doubles about every two years and can be done inexpensively.

Kaku, like so many scientists before him, said recently the two main problems that will derail Moore's Law are heat and leakage. "That's the reason why the age of silicon will eventually come to a close," he said.

This is far from the first prediction that Moore's Law is failing.

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How did the first IC look like ?

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Intel Overclocking Guide - 3570k 3770k 4670k 4770k

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Visit http://www.jayztwocents.com - Follow me on Twitter! http://www.twitter.com/jayztwocents Subscribe to my Vlog Channel! http://www.youtube.com/jayzsays Like my Facebook Page! http://www.facebook.com/jayztwocents Giveaway!!

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Sarthak- Role of Efficiency and Parallelism in Future Computing.

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Sarthak- Role of Efficiency and Parallelism in Future Computing.

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This is a talk by renowned Professor of Electronics and Computer Science at Stanford who is also the Senior Vice President of Nvidia Research-Dr William Dally.

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Kansas City Information Technology Professionals

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Velio Communications and Stream Processors

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Computer Security | Singularity University

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Efficiency and Parallelism: The Challenges of Future Computing by William Dally

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Part of the ECE Colloquium Series William Dally is chief scientist at NVIDIA and the senior vice president of NVIDIA research. He is also Professor (Research) of Electrical and Computer Science at Stanford University. Dally and his Stanford team developed system architecture, network architecture, signaling, routing, and synchronization technology that is found in most large parallel computers today.

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How was MOORE'S law led to downfall in the 20th century ?

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Rishi - 22nm future chip  microprocessor

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Rishi - 22nm future chip  microprocessor

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Future Technology 22nm Intel microprocessor

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Public Feedback Form

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Rishi - FUTURE of Microprocessor is HERE

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Rishi - FUTURE of Microprocessor is HERE

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AMD to release 32 core processor THE first of it's kind , to be called as ZEN processors in 2016 !!

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FPU Per Core & More Intel Like Processor Design

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Intel Incredibly Powerful Lake Crest Detailed What Core & Thread Count

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AMD To Release 32 Zen Core APU With 32GB HBM2 | As Well As Greenland GPU

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http://www.redgamingtech.com for more gaming news, reviews & tech http://www.facebook.com/redgamingtech - Follow us on Facebook! https://twitter.com/RGTCrimsonRayne - Paul's Twitter Royalty Free Music - www.audiomicro.com/royalty-free-music

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1. W.C. Randle and N.kerth,"Microprocessors in instrumentation,"Special report

2." The computer society",Time,feb.20,1978

3. J.B. Peatman , Microcomputer-Based Design.New York.McGraw - Hilll,1977

4. G.Moore,"VLSI:Some Fundamental Challenges," IEEE Spectrum,Apr. 1979

5.Electronics,May 10,p.90,1979

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VLSI-Very-large-scale integration

SSI-Small scale integration

IC-Integrated circuit

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What is Bottleneck ?

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What is the future of Microprocessor,give an example ?

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Microarchitecture - The resources and methods. used to achieve architecture specification.

Lithography - The process of printing from a flat surface treated so as to repel the ink except where it is required for printing.

Pollack's Rule- It states that microprocessor "performance increase due to microarchitecture advances is roughly proportional to [the] square root of [the] increase in complexity".

Crytography Accelerators - It is a form of co-processor that performs computationally intensive encoding and decoding of information while freeing the host CPU to perform other tasks.

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Desicive Aspects in the Evolution of Microprocessors

SUMMARY

Decisive Aspects In the Evolution of Microprocessors.

The increasing demand for higher processor performance initiated series of evolutionary events which were aimed at increasing clock frequencies and dynamic evolution of the micro-architecture. In this paper,the main focus is on the latter, highlighting major micro-architectural advancements that were introduced to more effectively utilize the Instruction Level Parallelism (ILP) in commercial performance-oriented Micro-processors.

Since the birth of microprocessors in 1971, this industry has successfully maintained a rapid increase in performance. Recently, this field has managed to witness developments in two major dimensions. Those include utilizing instruction level parallelism (ILP) more aggressively by means of more powerful optimizing compilers, and innovative techniques and also to make use of parallelism at a higher-than-instruction (i.e., thread) level.

Next, it also explains the introduction and evolution of utilizing Issue parallelism which is also known as the superscalar instruction issue. It also elucidates on the overall the implications of introducing the Superscalar Issue in which it throws light on the Memory and Branch handling Bottlenecks.

After First Generation Superscalars, Second Generation Superscalars came. They are also explained fully wherein the techniques used to remove the Issue Bottlenecks are explained. Execution model of Second Generation Superscalars is also provided for study. After this, the limits of utilization of Issue Parallelisms are listed.

Apart from Temporal and Issue Parallelism one more kind of parallelism exist namely Instrainstruction Parallelism. Its introduction and evolution of utilizations are fully explained wherein one learns about the Main approaches of its introduction, Dual Operation Instruction, SIMD Instructions and also VLIW Approach.

This journal also talks about the main road of the Micro-architectural Evolution which is marked by an increasing utilization of available ILP.

Lastly the paper concludes with the idea that as the main dimensions of parallelism were more or less constrained to the instruction level, the processor evolution will necessarily continue by utilizing parallelism at a higher than instruction level i.e., at the thread level as well. Therefore, the next cycle of evolution will be dedicated to the thread level and to the auxiliary techniques needed to utilize the full potential of multi-threading.

-SARTHAK JAIN

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Decisive Aspects in the evolution of microprocessors.

1)ILP- Instruction Level Parallelism

2)IPII-Instruction per Issue Interval

3)CPII-Cycles per Issue Interval

4)IPC-Instructions Per Cycle

5)SIMD-Single Instruction Multiple Data

6)VLIW-Very Long

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Rishi - List of Sources on future of microprocessors 

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Rishi - List of Sources on future of microprocessors 

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1)Shekhar Borkar : Future of Microprocessors ( Article May 2011)

2) David A. Patterson : Microprocessor in 2020 ( Journal Sept 1995)

3) https://youtu.be/FPtDc2qvXeQ
4) https://youtu.be/ECQzXJZHFQs

5) https://youtu.be/Fjs5S_UWD4U

6)Product insight from
www.intel.in
7) Article from Wiley online library
www.onlinelibrarywiley.com

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So guys after brainstorming we all have found out that microprocessors have numerous application in various field.Microprocessors is a very vital tool in medical field .

Also the best use of microprocessor is in medical science.

Connection between the medical science and microprocessor can be seen everywhere for example it is used in MRI Scanning CT scanning etc .

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1)extrapolation;Process estimation beyond observational range.

2)Algorithm;Procedure on Formula for solving problem .

3). Cache Memory:smaller,faster memory to reduce avg. time to access data.

4)PLD: Programmable logic Device ,used to build digital circuits.

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Sarthak-Theoretical Insight about the Scalability in Microprocessor Evolution and its application

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Sarthak-Theoretical Insight about the Scalability in Microprocessor Evolution and its application

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Sarthak- Beginners Guide to Overclock AMD Processors ..

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Sarthak- Beginners Guide to Overclock AMD Processors ..

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Beginners Guide: How to overclock AMD Processors FX-8350 Piledriver

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Visit http://www.jayztwocents.com - JayzTwoCents is currently Fundraising for CES Coverage this January! All proceeds will be used 100% towards coverage costs! http://igg.me/at/jayztwocents/x/4174795 Follow me on Twitter! http://www.twitter.com/jayztwocents Subscribe to my Vlog Channel! http://www.youtube.com/jayzsays Like my Facebook Page! http://www.facebook.com/jayztwocents 17min on how to overclock AMD processors including the Phenom and FX Series Processors!

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Views

Microprocessors ,in the present age, have transformed into an indispensable part of the Defense Industry and its applications are growing in numbers giving a whole new dimension to the Military Combats.

Suggestion:

The Artificial intelligence ,which is nothing but using several algorithms on this piece of silicon, should be the present age's primary area of concern whose magnificence and accuracy can be more effectively harnessed by the different Defense Institutions of the world.

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Q1. What are the implications of increasing the clock frequency of microprocessors?

Ans- There are three major implications of increasing the clock frequency:

1) It enhances the Bus subsystem-Higher clock frequencies and more effective microarchitectures call for more bandwidth in the buses connecting the processor to the memory.

2)It enhances the memory subsystem-Higher clock frequencies call for higher memory bandwidth and reduced load-use latencies (the time needed to use requested memory data).

3)It also enhances the I/O subsystem.

Q2. Which microprocessors find their intensive use in the defense equipments and missiles?

Ans- Some of the commonly used are:

1) Nvidia Tesla GPUs

2) MotionDSP's Ikena ISR

3)Kontron Core2Duo.

4)Xilinx Zynq 7000 Series.

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1) A technical paper from IEEE. Author- Dezsö Sima (Harlow, U.K.: Addison-Wesley, 1997)

2)An article from Britannica on ICs.

http://www.britannica.com/technology/integrated-circuit

3)A talk by Dr. William Haley

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l1ImS3gbg08&feature=youtu.be

4)MIT Lectures on Electronics Engineering and Computer Science from ocw.mit.edu

5)video on Impact of ICs by BBC

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LNVcj5A6yDE

6) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MckeAmnDeTk&feature=youtu.be

7) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qcta3RStYSM&feature=youtu.be

8)A Reference Material on Parallelism in Microprocessors by Dottorato di Ricerca in Informatica,Universita Di Torino,Italy

)Product Insights from www.intel.in, www.nvidia.com ,www.amd.com .

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MIroprocessors are the core of all digital computings and processing systems . They are the most indispensable part of all computing devises as they provide the device logic and specific algorithms to carry out a task effeciently and consume minimal resources . This report mainly focuses on advancement that have occured in its electronic

design and its evolution

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We are grateful to Dr. Santosh Mahapatra , professor of Technical Report Writing for all the help and guidance given for this report to be possible . We would also like to thank him for introducing us to padlet , which helped us to start a wonderful discussion due to its efficient way of presenting and promoting ideas about a specific topic .

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Microprocessor (single -chip computers) are the building blocks of the information world. Their performance has grown 1,000-fold over the past 20 years, driven by transistor speed and energy scaling, as well as by micro-architecture advances that exploited the transistor density gains from Moore’s Law. Our aim here is to reflect and project the macro trends shaping the evolution of microprocessors and sketch in broad strokes where processor design is going. Microprocessors were invented in 1971 but it’s difficult today to believe any of the early inventors could have conceived their extraordinary evolution in structure and use over the past 40 years. Microprocessors today not only involve complex micro architectures and multiple execution engines (cores) but have grown to include all sorts of additional functions, including floating-point units, caches, memory controllers, and media-processing engines. They are virtually indispensable in every field and industry possible. In some cases, they may not be representative of the entire industry but certainly represent a large fraction. Such a forthright view, solidly grounded, best supports our goals for this article.

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Since the birth of microprocessors in 1971, the IC industry has successfully maintained an incredibly rapid increase in performance. Recently this has given rise to developments in two main directions: 1) to utilize instruction level parallelism (ILP) more aggressively by means of more powerful optimizing compilers, and innovative techniques. 2) to also make use of parallelism at a higher-than-instruction (i.e., thread) level. Performance may be increased basically either by raising the clock frequency or by increasing the efficiency of the microarchitecture. The major outbreak in micro-architectural developments was the introduction of superscalar processorsin our computers which is aCPU that implements a form of parallelism called instruction-level parallelism within a single processor. It therefore allows faster CPU throughput(the number of instructions that can be executed in a unit of time) than would otherwise be possible at a given clock rate. The types of parallelism that are used are namely Temporal, Issue and Instrainstruction level Parallelism which are named in a chronological sequence.