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In this Blog I will be discussing about all the 10 components in travel and tourism and highlighting how they have all advanced over the years in this Blog I will be discussing legislation,  ,product development , destination development, technological advancements transport development , lifestyle changes ,work patterns 

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In this Blog I will be discussing about all the 10 components in travel and tourism and highlighting how they have all advanced over the years in this Blog I will be discussing legislation,  ,product development , destination development, technological advancements transport development , lifestyle changes ,work patterns 

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first of all I will be discussing about legislation within the travel industry.

In 1969 legislation was introduced and established a tourist board authority within England Scotland and Wales and was aimed at promoting tourism within the United Kingdom  this was the first major stepping stone of legislation within the Travel and tourism Industry  here you can see the full description of legislation introduced in 1969

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An Act to provide for the establishment of a British Tourist Authority and Tourist Boards for England, Scotland and Wales with responsibility for promoting the development of tourism to and within Great Britain; to provide for the giving of financial assistance out of public funds for the provision of new

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there have been many technological advancements over the years in terms of the advancements in the development of aircraft as aircraft now are able to carry more passengers across the Atlantic and at a faster speed than planes before this has impacted the travel industry significantly as this has brought the number of passengers flying to new levels than before. Other technological advancements that have greatly impacted the travel industry would be the introduction of all the new cruise ships that are in service One ship called the Qauntum of the seas which is a technological wonder in the travel and tourism as almost everything is digital as bars in the ship are operated by bionic arms that will serve you your drinks which shows great technological development by how the customers are served drinks in the bars in the ship. Resorts have also have been technologiclally advanced in terms of how they power there hotel with renewable energies such as solar panel technology which can power the resorts and hotels and is less harmful for the planet and saves Precious natural resources. Other technological advancements in the industry would be the way tourists and visitors can get information on particular countries and regions as you can get all this information via the Internet and you can view a particular hotel that you have booked and see any reviews and pictures of the resort you are staying at .techonlogy has advanced trumendously since the birth of travel and tourism !

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Product development in travel and tourism has significantly changed over the years as more of us have developed diffrent expectations and needs with what are holidays should be for example during the early years of the industry holidays for a majority of people wanted relaxing holidays at the beach side or weekends away holidays during those Early years were about relaxation and people dident really do much activities on holiday it has only recwntly changed where people's attitudes towards what holidays they want to have many people nowadays have options of action adventure holidays such as rock climbing and skiing adventures in the Alps. Also people have the options of choosing full board or self catering options depending on there personal preference there are so many options that people can choose when choosing there holidays there are many options that can save money for the customer such as the fullboard option where you will have all your meals and drinks included in your package alongside your accommodation which would leave you to spend money on souvenirs or attractions you may want to visit during your holiday. Product development has truly taken a huge leap with the many options of different holiday packages that customers can take . Here is the Thomson website detailing all the different packages you can purchase

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Package Holidays 2018 / 2019 | Thomson now TUI

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Thomson is now TUI! See our great selection of package holidays. Our collection of holidays really do offer something for everyone. Hurry!

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Since the in the beginning of the travel and tourism industry there has only been basic transport services for customers and these would only be done by car or coach within there own country or a near by country where tourists would like to visit this was back in the 1950s and 60s where a majority holiday makers in the UK would visit a holiday camp such as butlins or pontins and as times have progressed we have been introduced in flying passengers abroad to have their holidays which during that time was a huge technological advancement not only for the T&T industry but for the whole world too as it opened up the world to business opportunities this ultimately gave birth to resorts such as AyiaNapa and Ibiza as one of the most visited resorts in Europe famed for its party life atmosphere. As orndinary people could book holidays abroad and experience places like never before this was thanks to large part from the development of transport during that time. We also have cruise ships with state of the art facilities such as bionic bars and hi tec comfort and class cruise ships are able to carry more passengers on board which is a bonus for the companies operating them and customers too these ships can also travel longer distances than ever before in short transport has developed for the better in the travel and tourism industry

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over the years peoples lifestyle choices have changed and this has impacted positively for the travel and tourism industry as many people have more holidays and time off then they used in past years people having more Paid holidays off work has created more jobs and opportunities for the customers this has made travel companies aware and offering different holiday packages for different customers for example with customers wanting an adventure holiday full of fun packed adventure such a skiing holiday or rock climbing people have changed their habits over time in the course of history as people only had holidays within their own country and never travelled abroad to other countries people tended during these times to have less time off work so they couldn't take long holidays away so people tended to have weekends away to beach or to Butlins were they have regular entertainment during their time there. people during modern times have more options of travelling abroad to far and exotic places for their holiday such as Thailand and the Maldives where you can have your weddings and have elephant walks in the rainforests this has shown the great progress on how peoples lifestyles have ultimately changed

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Wikipedia Article about Airport security 

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Wikipedia Article about Airport security 

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here is the article on airport security detailing on what happens during your time at the airport

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Airport security refers to the techniques and methods used in an attempt to protect passengers, staff, aircraft, and airport property from accidental/malicious harm, crime, terrorism, and other threats.

Aviation security is a combination of measures and human and material resources in order to safeguard civil aviation against acts of unlawful interference. Unlawful interference could be acts of terrorism, sabotage, threat to life and property, communication of false threat, bombing, etc.

Large numbers of people pass through airports every day. This presents potential targets for terrorism and other forms of crime because of the number of people located in one place. Similarly, the high concentration of people on large airliners increases the potentially high death rate with attacks on aircraft, and the ability to use a hijacked airplane as a lethal weapon may provide an alluring target for terrorism (such as during the September 11 attacks).

Airport security attempts to prevent any threats or potentially dangerous situations from arising or entering the country. If airport security does succeed then the chances of any dangerous situation, illegal items or threats entering into an aircraft, country or airport are greatly reduced. As such, airport security serves several purposes: To protect the airport and country from any threatening events, to reassure the traveling public that they are safe and to protect the country and their people.

While some countries may have an agency that protects all of their airports (such as Australia, in which the Australian Federal Police polices the airport), in other countries the protection is controlled at the state or local level. The primary personnel will vary and can include:

A police force hired and dedicated to the airport e.g. the Irish Airport Police Service

A branch (substation) of the local police department stationed at the airport

Members of the local police department assigned to the airport as their normal patrol area

Members of a country's airport protection service

Police dog services for explosive detection, drug detection and other purposes

Other resources may include:

Some incidents have been the result of travelers carrying either weapons or items that could be used as weapons on board aircraft so that they can hijack the plane. Travelers are screened by metal detectors and/or millimeter wave scanners. Explosive detection machines used include X-ray machines and explosives trace-detection portal machines (a.k.a. "puffer machines"). In some cases, detection of explosives can be automated using machine learning techniques. In the United States, the TSA is working on new scanning machines that are still effective searching for objects that are not allowed in the airplanes but that do not depict the passengers in a state of undress that some find embarrassing. Explosive detection machines can also be used for both carry-on and checked baggage. These detect volatile compounds given off from explosives using gas chromatography.

A recent development is the controversial use of backscatter X-rays to detect hidden weapons and explosives on passengers. These devices, which use Compton scattering, require that the passenger stand close to a flat panel and produce a high resolution image. A technology released in Israel in early 2008 allows passengers to pass through metal detectors without removing their shoes, a process required as walk-through gate detectors are not reliable in detecting metal in shoes or on the lower body extremities. Alternately, the passengers step fully shoed onto a device which scans in under 1.2 seconds for objects as small as a razor blade. In some countries, specially trained individuals may engage passengers in a conversation to detect threats rather than solely relying on equipment to find threats.

Generally people are screened through airport security into areas where the exit gates to the aircraft are located. These areas are often called "secure", "sterile" and airside. Passengers are discharged from airliners into the sterile area so that they usually will not have to be re-screened if disembarking from a domestic flight; however they are still subject to search at any time. Airport food outlets have started using plastic glasses and utensils as opposed to glasses made out of glass and utensils made out of metal to reduce the usefulness of such items as weapons.

In the United States non-passengers were once allowed on the concourses to meet arriving friends or relatives at their gates, but this is now greatly restricted due to the terrorist attacks. Non-passengers must obtain a gate pass to enter the secure area of the airport. The most common reasons that a non-passenger may obtain a gate pass is to assist children and the elderly as well as for attending business meetings that take place in the secure area of the airport. In the United States, at least 24 hours notice is generally required for those planning to attend a business meeting inside the secure area of the airport.[citation needed ] Other countries, such as Australia do not restrict non-travellers from accessing the airside area, however non-travellers are typically subject to the same security scans as travellers.

Sensitive areas in airports, including airport ramps and operational spaces, are restricted from the general public. Called a SIDA ( Security Identification Display Area), these spaces require special qualifications to enter. Systems can consist of physical access control gates or more passive systems that monitor people moving through restricted areas and sound an alert if a restricted area is entered.

Throughout the world, there have been a few dozen airports that have instituted a version of a "trusted traveler program". Proponents argue that security screening can be made more efficient by detecting those people who are threats and then searching them. They argue that searching trusted, verified individuals should not take the amount of time it does. Critics argue that such programs decrease security by providing an easier path to carry contraband through.

Another critical security measure used by several regional and international airports is that of fiber optic perimeter intrusion detection systems. These security systems allow airport security to locate and detect any intrusion on the airport perimeter, ensuring real-time, immediate intrusion notification that allows security personnel to assess the threat and track movement and engage necessary security procedures. This has notably been utilised at Dulles International Airport and U.S. Military JFPASS.

The world's first terrorist attack while in flight was Cubana Flight 455 on October 6, 1976, when the airliner flying from Barbados to Jamaica was brought down by two time bombs, killing 73 people. Evidence implicated several Central Intelligence Agency-linked anti-Castro Cuban exiles and members of the Venezuelan secret police DISIP, including Luis Posada Carriles.[citation needed ]

The single deadliest airline catastrophe resulting from the failure of airport security to detect an onboard bomb was Air India Flight 182 in 1985, which killed 329 people.

Another onboard bomb that slipped through airport security was the one on Pan Am Flight 103 in 1988, which killed 270 people; 259 on the plane, and 11 residents of Lockerbie, Scotland.

Another notable failure was the 1994 bombing of Philippine Airlines Flight 434, which turned out to be a test run for a planned terrorist attack called Operation Bojinka. The explosion was small, killing one person, and the plane made an emergency landing. Operation Bojinka was discovered and foiled by Manila police in 1995.

On May 30, 1972, three members of the Japanese Red Army undertook a terrorist attack, popularly called the Lod Airport massacre, at the Lod Airport, now known as the Ben Gurion International Airport, in Tel Aviv. Firing indiscriminately with automatic firearms and throwing grenades, they managed to kill 24 people and injure 78 others before being neutralized (one of them through suicide). One of the three terrorists, Kozo Okamoto, survived the incident.

The Rome and Vienna airport attacks in December 1985 were two more instances of airport security failures. The attacks left 20 people dead when gunmen threw grenades and opened fire on travelers at El Al airline ticket counters.

The September 11 attacks are the most widely recognized terrorist attacks in recent times involving air travel. On the morning of September 11, 2001, 19 members of the Islamic terrorist group Al-Qaeda took control of four airplanes on the east coast of the United States and deliberately crashed two into both World Trade Center towers in New York City and the third into the Pentagon in Arlington County, Virginia. A fourth plane crashed into a field near Shanksville, Pennsylvania, not reaching Washington, D.C., for its intended target, either the U.S. Capitol or the White House. The attacks resulted in the deaths of 2,996 people, including the 245 civilians, a law enforcement officer, and the 19 hijackers on board the four airplanes.

On July 5, 2002, a gunman opened fire at Los Angeles International Airport (Israel's El Al Ticket Counter). The shooter killed two people and injured four.

On August 10, 2006, security at airports in the United Kingdom, Canada, and the United States was raised significantly due to the uncovering by British authorities of a terror plot aimed at detonating liquid explosives on flights originating from these countries. This is also notable as it was the first time the U.S. Terror Alert Level ever reached "red". The incident also led to tighter restrictions on carrying liquids and gels in hand luggage in the EU, Canada, and the United States.

Airport security by country/region

All restrictions involving airport security are determined by Transport Canada and some are implemented by the Canadian Air Transport Security Authority (CATSA) in conjunction with the Airport Operator . Since the September 11 attacks, as well as the Air India bombing in 1985 and other incidents, airport security has tightened in Canada in order to prevent any attacks in Canadian Airspace.

CATSA uses x-ray machines to verify the contents of all carry-ons as well as metal detectors, explosive trace detection (ETD) equipment and random physical searches of passengers at the pre-board screening points. X-ray machines, CTX machines, high-resolution x-rays and ETDs are also used to scan checked bags. All checked baggage is always x-rayed at all major commercial airports.

CATSA launched its Restricted Area Identity Card (RAIC) program in January 2007. RAIC is the world's first dual biometric access control system for airports. This program replaces the old Airport Restricted Area Passes issued to airport employees after security checks by the Canadian Security Intelligence Service, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) and Transport Canada with new cards (issued after the same checks are conducted) that contain biometric information (fingerprints and iris scans) belonging to the person issued the RAIC.

While CATSA is responsible for pre-board passenger and random non-passenger screening, they contract out to third-party "service providers" such as G4S, Securitas and GardaWorld to train, manage and employ the screening officers. In addition, individual airport authorities which were privatized in the 1990s by the Canadian Government are responsible for general airport security rather than CATSA and normally contract out to private companies and in the case of large airports, pay for a small contingent of local police officers to remain on site as well.

Safety and security at Canada's airports are provided by local police forces. The RCMP once used to provide this service at most airports, but remains so only for a few today:

Regulation (EC) No 300/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council establishes common rules in the European Union to protect civil aviation against acts of unlawful interference. The regulation's provisions apply to all airports or parts of airports located in an EU country that are not used exclusively for military purposes. The provisions also apply to all operators, including air carriers, providing services at the aforementioned airports. It also applies to all entities located inside or outside airport premises providing services to airports. The standards of regulation 300/2008 are implemented by Commission Regulation (EU) 2015/1998.

The regulation no 2320/2002 from 2002 introduced the requirement to have security checks for all passenger flights, also domestic. Some EU countries had no checks for domestic flights until around 2005 (introducing full security checks took some time since terminals might need expansion).

Passenger, luggage and freight security checking and security guard duties are outsourced to contractors. General public security is the responsibility of the Finnish Police, which has an airport unit at Helsinki Airport. The airport unit has a criminal investigation, a canine and a TEPO (terrorist and bomb) squad, and a PTR (police, customs and border guard) intelligence component. Furthermore, units of the Finnish Border Guard units at airports often arrest wanted individuals or fugitives at the border, and the Finnish Customs seizes e.g. weapons, false documents or explosives in addition to wanted individuals.

French security has been stepped up since terrorist attacks in France in 1986. In response France established the Vigipirate program. The program uses troops to reinforce local security and increases requirements in screenings and ID checks. Since 1996 security check-points have transferred from the Police Nationale/Gendarmerie de l'Air to private companies hired by the airport authorities.

As a member of the European Economic Area, Iceland has adopted EC regulation No 300/2008 into national law and thus complies with EU standards on airport security for all international flights. Domestic flights within Icelandic territory are however exempted from the security rules. The exemption was granted by the EEA Joint Committee citing the geographical remoteness of the country as well as its low population density and small size of aircraft used in domestic operations.

Airport security in the Netherlands is provided by the Koninklijke Marechaussee, Royal Military Constabulary. In addition to the Royal Military Constabulary, security services in and around airports in the Netherlands are provided by multiple Private security companies.

Airport security in Spain is provided by police forces, as well as private security guards. The Policía Nacional provides general security as well as passport (in international airports) and documentation checking. In Catalonia and Basque Country, the Mossos d'Esquadra and the Ertzaintza, respectively, have replaced the Policía Nacional except for documentation functions. The Guardia Civil handles the security and customs checking, often aided by private security guards. Local police provide security and traffic control outside the airport building.

Security measures are controlled by the state-owned company Aena, and are bound to European Commission Regulations, as in other European Union countries.

Airport security is handled by security guards provided by the airport itself, with police assistance if needed. Airport fire fighters are also security guards. The Swedish Transport Agency decides the rules for the check, based on international regulations. Airports are generally defined by law as "protected objects", which give guards extra authority, like demanding identity documents and search people's belongings. Sweden has traditionally seen itself as a low-crime country with little need for security checks. Sweden introduced security checks for international departures when international regulations demanded that around the 1970s/1980s. In September 2001, there was a decision to introduce security checks also for domestic flights. This took a few years to implement as domestic airports and terminals were not prepared with room for this.

The Department for Transport (DfT) is the governing authority for airport security in the United Kingdom, with the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) also responsible for certain security regulatory functions. In September 2004, with the Home Office, DfT started an initiative called the "Multi Agency Threat and Risk Assessment" (MATRA), which was piloted at five of the United Kingdom's major airports - Heathrow, Birmingham, East Midlands Airport, Newcastle and Glasgow. Following successful trials, the scheme has now been rolled out across all 44 airports.

Since the September 11 attacks in New York, the United Kingdom has been assessed as a high risk country due to its support of the United States both in its invasion of Afghanistan and Iraq.

From January 7, 2008, travelers are no longer limited to a single piece of carry-on luggage at most of the UK's major airports. Currently, hand luggage is not limited by size or weight by the DfT/CAA, although most airlines do impose their own rules.

The UK trialed a controversial new method of screening passengers to further improve airport security using backscatter X-ray machines that provide a 360-degree view of a person, as well as "see" under clothes, right down to the skin and bones. They are no longer used and were replaced by millimeter wave scanners which shows any hidden items while not showing the body of the passenger.

The Hong Kong International Airport is secured by the Hong Kong Police Force and Aviation Security Company (AVSECO). Within the police force, the Airport District is responsible for the safety and security of the airport region. Airport Security Units are deployed around the airport and are armed with H&K MP5 A3 sub-machine guns and Glock 17 pistols. The security of the restricted area is the responsibility of the police and AVSECO.

While the airport is under the control of the Airport Authority Hong Kong (AAHK), the security power has been delegated to the AVSECO staffs. All persons and baggages carried by them must be X-Rayed and checked at the security screening points of the AVSECO (with a few exceptions at the Tenant Restricted Area).

The Immigration Department will check incomers passport and other identities, while the Customs and Excise Department will check passengers and crews' luggage to discourage smuggling of drugs and contraband from entering Hong Kong.

India stepped up its airport security after the 1999 Kandahar hijacking. The Central Industrial Security Force, a paramilitary organisation, is in charge of airport security under the regulatory framework of the Bureau of Civil Aviation Security (Ministry of Civil Aviation). CISF formed an Airport Security Group to protect Indian airports. Every airport has now been given an APSU (Airport Security Unit), a trained unit to counter unlawful interference with civil aviation. Apart from the CISF, every domestic airline has a security group who looks after the aircraft security.

Terrorist threats and narcotics are the main threats in Indian airports. Another problem that some airports face is the proliferation of slums around the airport boundaries in places like Mumbai. Before boarding, additional searching of hand luggage is likely. Moreover, other than this, the CISF has many other duties in context of aviation security. The cargo security and screening is done by the Regulated Agents or airlines' and airports' own security staff who are tested and certified by the Bureau of Civil Aviation Security (BCAS), an aviation security regulator.

El Al Airlines is headquartered in Israel. The last hijacking occurred on July 23, 1968, and no plane departing Ben Gurion Airport, just outside Tel Aviv, has ever been hijacked.

It was in 1972 that terrorists from the Japanese Red Army launched an attack that led to the deaths of at least 24 people at Lod Airport. Since then, security at the airport relies on a number of fundamentals, including a heavy focus on what Raphael Ron, former director of security at Ben Gurion Airport, terms the "human factor", which may be generalized as "the inescapable fact that terrorist attacks are carried out by people who can be found and stopped by an effective security methodology."

On December 27, 1985, terrorists simultaneously attacked El Al ticket counters at the Rome, Italy and Vienna, Austria airports using machine guns and hand grenades. Nineteen civilians were killed and many wounded. In response, Israel developed further methods to stop such massacres and drastically improved security measures around Israeli airports and even promised to provide plainclothes armed guards at each foreign airport. The last successful airline-related terrorist attack was in 1986, when a security agent found a suitcase full of explosives during the initial screening process. While the bag did not make it on board, it did injure 13 after detonating in the terminal.

As part of its focus on this so-called "human factor," Israeli security officers interrogate travelers using racial profiling, singling out those who appear to be Arab based on name or physical appearance. Additionally, all passengers, even those who do not appear to be of Arab descent, are questioned as to why they are traveling to Israel, followed by several general questions about the trip in order to search for inconsistencies. Although numerous civil rights groups have demanded an end to the profiling, Israel maintains that it is both effective and unavoidable. According to Ariel Merari, an Israeli terrorism expert[citation needed ], "it would be foolish not to use profiling when everyone knows that most terrorists come from certain ethnic groups. They are likely to be Muslim and young, and the potential threat justifies inconveniencing a certain ethnic group.[citation needed ]

Passengers leaving Israel are checked against a computerized list. The computers, maintained by the Israeli Ministry of Interior, are connected to the Israeli police, FBI, Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS), Scotland Yard, Shin Bet, and Interpol in order to catch suspects or others leaving the country illegally.

Despite such tight security, an incident occurred on November 17, 2002, in which a man apparently slipped through airport security at Ben Gurion Airport with a pocketknife and attempted to storm the cockpit of El Al Flight 581 en route from Tel Aviv to Istanbul, Turkey. While no injuries were reported and the attacker was subdued by guards hidden among the passengers 15 minutes before the plane landed safely in Turkey, authorities did shut down Ben Gurion for some time after the attack to reassess the security situation and an investigation was opened to determine how the man, an Israeli Arab, managed to smuggle the knife past the airport security.

At a conference in May 2008, the United States Department of Homeland Security Secretary Michael Chertoff told Reuters interviewers that the United States will seek to adopt some of the Israeli security measures at domestic airports. He left his post in January 2009, a mere 6 months after this statement, which may or may not have been enough time to implement them.

On a more limited focus, American airports have been turning to the Israeli government and Israeli-run firms to help upgrade security in the post- 9/11 world. Israeli officials toured Los Angeles Airport in November 2008 to re-evaluate the airport after making security upgrade recommendations in 2006. Calling Ben Gurion "the world's safest airport," Antonio Villaraigosa, mayor of Los Angeles, has implemented the Israeli review in order to bring state-of-the-art technology and other tactical measures to help secure LAX, considered to be the state's primary terrorist target and singled out by the Al Qaeda network. New Age Security Solutions, led by the former director of security at Ben Gurion and based in Washington, D.C., consults on aviation security at Boston's Logan International Airport.

In Pakistan Airports Security Force (ASF) is responsible for protecting the airports and the facilities and the planes. ASF safeguards the civil aviation industry against unlawful interference, adopting counter terrorism measures, preventing crime and maintaining law and order within the limits of airports in Pakistan.

Security for the country's two international passenger airports comes under the purview of the Airport Police Division of the Singapore Police Force, although resources are concentrated at Singapore Changi Airport where scheduled passenger traffic dominates. Seletar Airport, which specializes in handling non-scheduled and training flights, is seen as posing less of a security issue. Since the September 11 attacks, and the naming of Changi Airport as a terrorism target by the Jemaah Islamiyah, the airport's security has been stepped up.

Roving patrol teams of two soldiers and a police officer armed with automatic weapons patrol the terminals at random. Departing passengers are checked at the entrance of the gate rather than after immigration clearance unlike Hong Kong International Airport. This security measure is easily noticed by the presence of X-ray machines and metal detectors at every gate, which is not normally seen at other airports.

Assisting the state organizations, are the security services provided by the ground handlers, namely that of the Certis CISCO, Singapore Airport Terminal Services's SATS Security Services, and the Aetos Security Management Private Limited, formed from a merger of the Changi International Airport Services's airport security unit and that of other companies to become a single island-wide auxiliary police company. These officers' duties include screening luggage and controlling movement into restricted areas.

Since 8 May 2007, the liquid restrictions of 100 ml cap is enforced, following the 2006 transatlantic aircraft plot. Passengers are advised to check in liquids, gels and aerosols above 100 ml, failing which they will be confiscated by airport security and have to post it back to oneself. Anything that is in the security areas is allowed. In general practice, unacceptable materials are also confiscated and have to post it back to yourself (excluding nail clippers, nail files, umbrellas and racquets).

List of unacceptable items

Lifetime prohibited items (cabin/checked in)

Firearms

Knives

Scissors (with blades more than 6 cm). Blades that are shorter than 6 cm are always acceptable.

Ammunition - all ammunition must be unloaded from the gun and is not allowed to be fired.

Hammers

Crow bars

Fireworks and fire extinguishers

Gunpowders and smoke flares

Controlled drugs, and contraband drugs

Vehicle airbags

Liquid bleach

Torch lighters

Aerosols which might be more flammable (unless it is urgent)

Hand grenades

cigarette Lighters

Prior to the 1970s, American airports had minimal security arrangements to prevent acts of terrorism. For some flights with unassigned seating, no reservations were required, and fares were collected in the air. Federal security personnel started serving on high-risk flights in 1962 as the FAA Peace Officers Program; sky marshals began working out of the Miami field office of the United States Marshals Service in 1969. (Hijackers typically wanted to defect to Cuba, making flights from Florida common targets.) There were insufficient numbers to protect every flight, and hijackings continued to take place. The first hijacking resulting in a fatality occurred on Eastern Air Lines Shuttle Flight 1320 in 1970. Later in 1970, sky marshall staffing was increased, and some passengers fitting a behavioral profile were screened for weapons (including with handheld metal detectors).

On November 10, 1972, a trio of hijackers threatened to fly Southern Airways Flight 49 into a nuclear reactor at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. As a direct response to this incident, the Federal Aviation Administration required all airlines to begin screening passengers and their carry-on baggage by January 5, 1973. This screening was generally contracted to private security companies. Private companies would bid on these contracts. The airline that had operational control of the departure concourse controlled by a given checkpoint would hold that contract. Although an airline would control the operation of a checkpoint, oversight authority was held by the FAA. C.F.R. Title 14 restrictions did not permit a relevant airport authority to exercise any oversight over checkpoint operations. The 1974 film, The Parallax View, shows an early airport security checkpoint in operation.

The September 11 attacks prompted even tougher regulations, such as limiting the number of and types of items passengers could carry on board aircraft and requiring increased screening for passengers who fail to present a government-issued photo ID.

From 13 August 2006, airline passengers in the United States could take up to 3.4 US fl oz (101 ml) of non-prescription medicine, glucose gel for diabetics, solid lipstick, and baby food aboard flights. Eventually passengers were allowed to carry only 100 ml (3.5 imp fl oz; 3.4 US fl oz) of liquid in their hand luggage, TSA standards required all non-medical liquids to be kept in a quart-sized plastic bag, with only one bag per passenger.

With the increase in security screening, some airports saw long queues for security checks. To alleviate this, airports created Premium lines for passengers traveling in First or Business Class, or those who were elite members of a particular airline's Frequent Flyer program.

The "Screening Passengers by Observation Techniques" (SPOT) program is operating at some U.S. airports.

US specific:

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2. ^ Mery, Domingo (2015), "Simulation in X-ray Testing", Computer Vision for X-Ray Testing, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 241-266, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-20747-6_7, ISBN 978-3-319-20746-9

3. ^ Akcay, Samet; Breckon, Toby P. (September 2017). "An evaluation of region based object detection strategies within X-ray baggage security imagery". 2017 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP). IEEE: 1337-1341. doi:10.1109/icip.2017.8296499. ISBN 978-1-5090-2175-8. S2CID 3451234.

4. ^ Chakrabarti and Strauss - Carnival Booth: An Algorithm for Defeating the Computer-Assisted Passenger Screening System Archived 2012-02-19 at the Wayback Machine

5. ^ "184 Infantrymen Patrol San Jose Airport". San Jose Mercury News. 15 August 2006. Archived from the original on 10 June 2014.

6. ^ Hauser, Christine (8 May 2020). "Southwest Flight Hits and Kills Person on Austin Airport Runway". The New York Times. New York City.

7. ^ Bradshaw, Kelsey (11 May 2020). "Police ID man killed on runway; how he got there remains mystery". Austin American-Statesman. Austin, Texas.

8. Volokh.com Airport Security in Israel, November 27, 2007

9. "What can we learn from Ben Gurion Airport in Israel to help push aviation security in the U.S. to the next level?". SecuritySolutions.com. Archived from the original on 2016-10-06.

10. Washington Times Silly circus or serious airport security? Archived 2013-06-06 at the Wayback Machine, August 6, 2008

11. ^ Swidey, Neil (March 20, 2020). "'You don't understand, Captain. He has a gun': The hijacking of Flight 1320". The Boston Globe.

12. ^ Koerner, Brendan. "Skyjacker of the Day". Excerpted from the book "The Skies Belong to Us: Love and Terror in the Golden Age of Hijacking". Slate.com.

13. ^ Lindsey, Robert (6 January 1973). "Airports Start Thorough Screening of All Passengers" (PDF). The New York Times.

14. ^ "Screening of Passengers by Observation Techniques (SPOT) Program". Department of Homeland Security. June 30, 2017.

15. ^ Yu, Roger (May 24, 2010). "Airport Check-in: TSA behavior screening misses suspects". USA Today.

16. ^ Holmes, Marcus (2011). "National security behavioral detection: a typography of strategies, costs, and benefits". Journal of Transportation Security. Springerlink.com. 4 (4): 361-374. doi:10.1007/s12198-011-0076-1. S2CID 167556579.

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Airport security refers to the techniques and methods used in an attempt to protect passengers, staff, aircraft, and airport property from accidental/malicious harm, crime, terrorism, and other threats. Aviation security is a combination of measures and human and material resources in order to safeguard civil aviation against acts of unlawful interference.

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Security in the Travel and tourism Industry 

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Security in the Travel and tourism Industry 

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security over the years has been really tighten up with increase of Terrorism around the World there must be new laws in place to keep Passengers and tourists safe when travelling on planes there have been new laws set in place where you will have to go through security checks when boarding your plane and this can also involve pat down checks as well and going through metal detectors also. there are restrictions on what you can bring on to the cabin as you can read through this link below. general luggage is also scanned before entering the airplanes to check if there are any illegal weapons or prohibited items entering the UK this is for the safety of everyone and to respect the countries customs and laws . There are new scanning machines at the airport that will scan your body in infa red which will scan for any explosives that they may have on their possession and also any Drugs that they may have on the themselves and perhaps smuggling them into the country which is a criminal offence in the UK and countries around the world. before all the introduction to all the new security measures across all major airports around the world security was majorly relaxed as during those times security wasn't a major issue during the sixties and during that time it was the height of people experiencing flying to different countries and continents here is a Wikipedia article detailing every procedure that happens to you and your luggage when going through security

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There are restrictions on what items you can take in your hand luggage and hold luggage when boarding a plane in the UK.

Airport security staff will not let anything through that they consider dangerous - even if it's normally allowed in hand luggage.

Travelling to Europe after Brexit

The rules for passports, driving, EHIC cards, pet travel and more may change after the UK leaves the EU. Act now so you can travel as planned.

Hand luggage allowances

Check with your airline how many and what size bags you can take on the plane with you.

Taking liquids through security

There are restrictions on the amount of liquids you can take in your hand luggage. If possible, pack liquids in your hold baggage (luggage that you check in).

Liquids include:

all drinks, including water

liquid or semi-liquid foods, for example soup, jam, honey and syrups

cosmetics and toiletries, including creams, lotions, oils, perfumes, mascara and lip gloss

sprays, including shaving foam, hairspray and spray deodorants

pastes, including toothpaste

gels, including hair and shower gel

contact lens solution

any other solutions and items of similar consistency

If you do take liquids in your hand luggage:

containers must hold no more than 100ml

containers must be in a single, transparent, resealable plastic bag, which holds no more than a litre and measures approximately 20cm x 20cm

contents must fit comfortably inside the bag so it can be sealed

the bag must not be knotted or tied at the top

you're limited to 1 plastic bag per person

you must show the bag at the airport security point

Liquids in containers larger than 100ml generally cannot go through security even if the container is only part full. There are some exemptions.

Exemptions

You can take liquid containers larger than 100ml through security if they:

You can also take liquids bought at an airport or on a plane (such as duty free) through security if:

the items are sealed inside a security bag when you buy them

the receipt for the items is sealed in the security bag and visible

You must not open the security bag until you reach your final destination. Airport staff may need to open the items to screen the liquid at the security point.

Liquid restrictions outside the EU

Countries outside the EU might have different rules on carrying liquids as a transit or transfer passenger. You should check these rules with the relevant airlines and airports before travelling.

Lighters

You can only carry 1 lighter on board. You should put it inside a resealable plastic bag (like the ones used for liquids), which you must keep on you throughout the flight. You cannot:

put it in your hold luggage

put it in your hand luggage after screening

Food and powders

Food items and powders in your hand luggage can obstruct images on x-ray machines. Your bags may need to be checked again manually by security. You can put these items in your hold luggage to minimise delays.

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Hand luggage restrictions at UK airports

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There are restrictions on what items you can take in your hand luggage and hold luggage when boarding a plane in the UK. Airport security staff will not let anything through that they consider dangerous - even if it's normally allowed in hand luggage.

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There has been a lot development of resorts and destinations within the travel and tourism industry a great example of this is Ayia Napa which has seen a really High increase of visitors to the resort and in turn the revenue generated into generating the resorts in the area ultimately in creating jobs for the residence here is the Wikipedia page about Ayia Napa and has all the major information about population and how the town has changed since the introduction of tourism in the area. Ayia Napa draws a lot of tourists from Britain which shows a great example of destination development as resorts and hotels are popping all over the town of Ayia Napa ultimatly generating huge income for the area and creating Jobs in the local area. another example would be Majorca and Ibiza which traditionally were fishing ports and since the introduction of tourism in the last couple of years they have grown to be one of biggest summer holiday destinations in Europe which draws thousands of tourists each year the money that is generated through tourism goes into the local economy and businesses and  with the revenue generated goes into building new attractions and hotels across the surrounding areas of the islands.

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The name "Ayia Napa" is derived from a Venetian-era monastery of the same name, located in the center of the town, next to the square that today is the clubbing centre. The word "Ayia" means "holy" in Greek. "Napa" is archaic and means "wooded valley" or " dell".