# data[].attributes.body
Level: C1
Word Form: Noun
Meaning: Something that blocks you so that movement, going forward, or action is prevented or made more difficult.
Synonyms: Problem, difficulty, trouble, hitch, glitch, hurdle.

- Dolar exchange is the biggest obstacle for Turkish citizens to study in the USA.

Alin

# data[].attributes.body
Level: B1
Word Form: Noun
Meaning: an area of a country or town that has fixed borders that are used for official purposes, or that has a particular feature that makes it different from surrounding areas
Related Phrases: Principal Area, development area, municipality, city council.

- He is coming from the Northern district in Germany. Ir called  Hamburg.

Alin

# data[].attributes.body
Word Form: Noun
Meaning: The ability to move freely or be easily moved
Related Phrases: Motion, movement, comings, ambulatory.

- Mobility is seen in the World Economy nowadays because of the Russia - Ukraine War

Alin

# data[].attributes.body
Level: B2
Word Form: Noun
Meaning: A period when the economy of a country is not successful and conditions for business are bad.
Related Phrases: Depress, econometrics, deflation, reflation

- The Great Depression is the biggest recession that had happened in World history.

Alin

# data[].attributes.body
Level: C1
Word Form: Adjective
Meaning: Providing skills and education that prepare you for a job.
Related Phrases: Abstinence education, abstinence program, apprenticeship, abstinence-only.

- Most of the vocational education institutions are offering education in electrical work, building fields.

Alin

# data[].attributes.body
Level: C1
Word Form: Noun
Meaning: The act of including someone or something as part of a group, list, etc., or a person or thing that is included.

- Food service is one of the inclusions of this holiday package.

Alin

# data[].attributes.body
Level: C1
Word Form: Adjective
Meaning: Not good, or not as good as someone or something else.
Synonyms : Bad, poor, low/poor/bad quality, mediocre.

- She bought it for a really cheap price. I guess the product is inferior.

Alin

# data[].attributes.body
Level: C1
Word Form: Adjective
Meaning: If advice, criticism, or actions are constructive, they are useful and intended to help or improve something.
Synonyms: Useful, helpful, valuable, productive
Opposite: Destructive

- Constructive works are always showing their quality and difference no matter what.

Alin

# data[].attributes.body
Level: B2
Word Form: Verb
Meaning: To start using a plan or system.
Related Word: Implementation

- Technological implements in the education system are decreasing students' face-to-face conversations with each other.

Alin

# data[].attributes.body
Level: C1
Word Form: Noun
Meaning: The total amount by which money is spent is more than money received.
Synonyms: Shortfall
Opposite: Surplus

- Turkey's deficit is increasing due to country's low export rate

Alin

# data[].attributes.body
Word Form: Adjective
Meaning: Criticizing someone, in a way that shows you do not respect or value them.
Synonyms: Derogatory

- His disparaging behaviors are affecting negatively his personal relationships with his friends.

Alin

# data[].attributes.body
Noun
Something that blocks the way of a movement
They can't go further because of the obstacle on road.

selver

# data[].attributes.body
noun
country, state and city areas which is divided for business and government purposes.
the government districted the country into two blocks

selver

# data[].attributes.body
noun
ability of moving easily
In employment system some works require more mobiliy than the other works

# data[].attributes.body
noun
period of the economy of a country isn't very succesful
the country scudded into recession

# data[].attributes.body
adjective
education that prepares for a job
Vocational training prepares employee for the job

# data[].attributes.body
noun
the act of including someone to something
last minute inclusions are ahmed and jim

# data[].attributes.body
adjective
not good as others
the woman recieved inferior healthcare

# data[].attributes.body
adjective
useful and helping criticism
she criticized my work in a very constructive way

# data[].attributes.body
verb
put a plan into effect
the changes to the education system will be implemented.

# data[].attributes.body
noun
the amount of losing money
The UK's trade deficit narrowed last year

# data[].attributes.body
adjective
criticizing something disrespectfully
his disparaging remarks affected the meeting in a bad way

# data[].attributes.body
Word Form: noun

Meaning: Something that blocks you so that movement, going forward, or action is prevented or made more difficult

Synonyms: barrier, hurdle, stumbling block

-The biggest obstacle in our way was a tree trunk in the road.

# data[].attributes.body
Wprd Form: Noun

Meaning: an area of a country or town that has fixed borders that are used for official purposes, or that has a particular feature that makes it different from surrounding areas

Synonyms: neighbourhod, region, place

- Our district has getting smaller.

# data[].attributes.body
Level: C1
Word Form: Noun
Meaning: Something that blocks you so that movement, going forward, or action is prevented or made more difficult.
Synonyms: Bump, difficulty, disincentive, handicap
Antonyms: Advantage, aid, assistance, benefit
Example: He overcame the obstacles of injustice and discrimination.

-Alya

# data[].attributes.body
Level: B1
Word Form: Noun
Meaning: An area of a country or town that has fixed borders that are used for official purposes, or that has a particular feature that makes it different from surrounding areas.
Synonyms: Commune, community, department, locality
Antonyms: Whole
Example: In Hunger Games, the country of Panem is broken up into 12 Districts and the Capitol.

-Alya

# data[].attributes.body
Word Form: Noun
Meaning: The ability to move freely or be easily moved.
Synonyms: Flexibility, maneuverability
Antonyms: Immobility, rest, repose
Example: Education was the key to upward social mobility.

-Alya

# data[].attributes.body
Level: B2
Word Form: Noun
Meaning: A period when the economy of a country is not successful and conditions for business are bad.
Synonyms: Bankruptcy, collapse, decline, deflation
Antonyms: Increase, rise, success
Example: Turkey was plunged into a big recession that affected the whole country in many ways.

-Alya

# data[].attributes.body
Level: C1
Word Form: Adjective
Meaning: Providing skills and education that prepare you for a job.
Synonyms: Business, career, employment, job-related
Example: America's vocational education, whether for high school students.... or for mid - to late - career workers should be just as innovative, dynamic and successful as our people. -Donald Trump

-Alya

# data[].attributes.body
Level: C1
Word Form: Noun
Meaning: The act of including someone or something as part of a group, list, etc., or a person or thing that is included.
Synonyms: Admittance, formation, incorporation, involvement
Antonyms: Exclusion
Example: Russia is not considered for inclusion of Euroleague because of the Ukraine-Russia conflict.

-Alya

# data[].attributes.body
Level: C1
Word Form: Adjective
Meaning: Not good, or not as good as someone or something else.
Synonyms: Adherent, attendant, auxiliary, deputy
Antonyms: Boss, chief, leader, manager
Example: These products are inferior to those we bought last year.
-Alya

# data[].attributes.body
Level: C1
Word Form: Adjective
Meaning: If advice, criticism, or actions are constructive, they are useful and intended to help or improve something.
Synonyms: Effective, positive, practical, productive
Antonyms: Fruitless, impotent, incapable, unproductive
Example: We believe that with constructive dialog and cooperation, a solution is within reach.
-Alya

# data[].attributes.body
Level: B2
Word Form: Verb
Meaning: To start using a plan or system.
Synonyms: Appliance, gadget, utensil
Near Antonyms: Disregard, ignore
Example: The project will be implemented face-to-face in the classroom.
-Alya

# data[].attributes.body
Level: C1
Word Form: Noun
Meaning: The total amount by which money spent is more than money received.
Synonyms: Loss, shortfall
Antonyms: Abundance, adequacy, surplus
Example: The deficit has been rising in recent years because of a drop in earnings from oil, the country's main export.
-Alya

# data[].attributes.body
Word Form: Adjective
Meaning: Criticizing someone, in a way that shows you do not respect or value them.
Synonyms: Derogatory, defamatory, snide, unfavorable
Antonyms: Complimentary, favorable, nice, praising
Example: She made some disparaging remarks about the U.K. royal family.
-Alya

# data[].attributes.body
https://www.brookings.edu/essay/rise-of-innovation-districts/

Ezgi

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
As the United States slowly emerges from the Great Recession, a remarkable shift is occurring in the spatial geography of innovation.

For the past 50 years, the landscape of innovation has been dominated by places like Silicon Valley-suburban corridors of spatially isolated corporate campuses, accessible only by car, with little emphasis on the quality of life or on integrating work, housing and recreation.

A new complementary urban model is now emerging, giving rise to what we and others are calling "innovation districts." These districts, by our definition, are geographic areas where leading-edge anchor institutions and companies cluster and connect with start-ups, business incubators and accelerators. ¹ They are also physically compact, transit-accessible, and technically-wired and offer mixed-use housing, office, and retail.

Innovation districts are the manifestation of mega-trends altering the location preferences of people and firms and, in the process, re-conceiving the very link between economy shaping, place making and social networking."The trend is to nurture living, breathing communities rather than sterile remote, compounds of research silos." -Pete Engardio, "Research Parks for the Knowledge Economy," ²
Bloomberg Businessweek Our most creative institutions, firms and workers crave proximity so that ideas and knowledge can be transferred more quickly and seamlessly. Our "open innovation" economy rewards collaboration, transforming how buildings and entire districts are designed and spatially arrayed. Our diverse population demands more and better choices of where to live, work and play, fueling demand for more walkable neighborhoods where housing, jobs and amenities intermix.

Led by an eclectic group of institutions and leaders, innovation districts are emerging in dozens of cities and metropolitan areas in the United States and abroad and already reflect distinctive typologies and levels of formal planning. Globally, Barcelona, Berlin, London, Medellin, Montreal, Seoul, Stockholm and Toronto contain examples of evolving districts. In the United States, districts are emerging near anchor institutions in the downtowns and midtowns of cities like Atlanta, Baltimore, Buffalo, Cambridge, Cleveland, Detroit, Houston, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, St. Louis and San Diego. They are developing in Boston, Brooklyn, Chicago, Portland, Providence, San Francisco and Seattle where underutilized areas (particularly older industrial areas) are being re-imagined and remade. Still others are taking shape in the transformation of traditional exurban science parks like Research Triangle Park in Raleigh-Durham, which are scrambling to keep pace with the preference of their workers and firms for more urbanized, vibrant environments.

Innovation districts have the unique potential to spur productive, inclusive and sustainable economic development. At a time of sluggish growth, they provide a strong foundation for the creation and expansion of firms and jobs by helping companies, entrepreneurs, universities, researchers and investors-across sectors and disciplines-co-invent and co-produce new discoveries for the market. At a time of rising social inequality, they offer the prospect of expanding employment and educational opportunities for disadvantaged populations given that many districts are close to low- and moderate-income neighborhoods. And, at a time of inefficient land use, extensive sprawl and continued environmental degradation, they present the potential for denser residential and employment patterns, the leveraging of mass transit, and the repopulation of urban cores.

The New Geography of Innovation Today, innovation is taking place where people come together, not in isolated spaces.

Innovation districts constitute the ultimate mash up of entrepreneurs and educational institutions, start-ups and schools, mixed-use development and medical innovations, bike-sharing and bankable investments-all connected by transit, powered by clean energy, wired for digital technology, and fueled by caffeine.

Given the vast distinctions in regional economies, the form and function of innovation districts differ markedly across the United States. Yet all innovation districts contain economic, physical, and networking assets. When these three assets combine with a supportive, risk-taking culture they create an innovation ecosystem -a synergistic relationship between people, firms and place (the physical geography of the district) that facilitates idea generation and accelerates commercialization.

Economic assets are the firms, institutions and organizations that drive, cultivate or support an innovation-rich environment. Economic assets can be separated into three categories:

Innovation drivers are the research and medical institutions, the large firms, start-ups and entrepreneurs focused on developing cutting-edge technologies, products and services for the market. Due to regional variations in industry strengths, each district is comprised of a unique mix of innovation drivers. Tech driven industries most likely to be found in Innovation Districts include: high-value, research-oriented sectors such as applied sciences and the burgeoning "app economy"; highly creative fields such as industrial design, graphic arts, media and architecture; and highly specialized, small batch manufacturing.

Innovation cultivators are the companies, organizations or groups that support the growth of individuals, firms and their ideas. They include incubators, accelerators, proof-of-concept centers, tech transfer offices, shared working spaces and local high schools, job training firms and community colleges advancing specific skill sets for the innovation-driven economy.

Neighborhood-building amenities provide important support services to residents and workers in the district. This ranges from medical offices to grocery stores, restaurants, coffee bars, small hotels and local retail (such as bookstores, clothing stores and sport shops). ³

Physical assets are the public and privately-owned spaces-buildings, open spaces, streets and other infrastructure-designed and organized to stimulate new and higher levels of connectivity, collaboration and innovation. Physical assets can also be divided into three categories:

Physical assets in the public realm are the spaces accessible to the public, such as parks, plazas and streets that become locales of energy and activity. In innovation districts, public places are created or re-configured to be digitally-accessible (with high speed internet, wireless networks, computers and digital displays embedded into spaces) and to encourage networking (where spaces encourage "people to crash into one another"). ⁴ Streets can also be transformed into living labs to flexibly test new innovations, such as in street lighting, waste collection, traffic management solutions and new digital technologies.

Physical assets in the private realm are privately-owned buildings and spaces that stimulate innovation in new and creative ways. Office developments are increasingly configured with shared work and lab spaces and smaller, more affordable areas for start-ups. A new form of micro-housing is also emerging, with smaller private apartments that have access to larger public spaces, such as co-working areas, entertainment spaces and common eating areas.

Physical assets that knit the district together and/or tie it to the broader metropolis are investments aimed to enhance relationship-building and connectivity. For some districts, knitting together the physical fabric requires remaking the campuses of advanced research institutions to remove fences, walls and other barriers and replace them with connecting elements such as bike paths, sidewalks, pedestrian-oriented streets and activated public spaces. Strategies to strengthen connectivity between the district, adjoining neighborhoods and the broader metropolis include infrastructure investments, such as broadband, transit and road improvements.

"It's all about programming: choreographing "spontaneous" opportunities for smart people to interact with each other. This is what separates us from traditional science parks." Networking assets are the relationships between actors-such as individuals, firms and institutions-that have the potential to generate, sharpen and accelerate the advancement of ideas.
-Dennis Lower, Cortex Networks fuel innovation because they strengthen trust and collaboration within and across companies and industry clusters, provide information for new discoveries and help firms acquire resources and enter new markets.

Networks are generally described as either having strong ties or weak ties. ⁵

Strong ties occur between people or firms with a working or professional history that have higher levels of trust, are willing to share more detailed information, and are more apt to participate joint problem solving. Networking assets that build strong ties focus on strengthening relationships within similar fields. These types of assets include: "tech regulars" (where "techies" discuss problems or advances in their work as a collective), workshops and training sessions for specific fields, industry-specific conferences and meetings and industry-specific blogs for local firms and entrepreneurs.

Weak ties occur between people or firms working within different contexts or economic clusters where there is infrequent contact. Weak ties provide access to new information, new contacts and business leads outside of existing networks. Networking assets that build weak ties focus on building new relationships across sectors. Examples include: networking breakfasts (where experts and star innovators offer new insights in their fields followed by open time to network), innovation centers, hack-a-thons across industry clusters such as life sciences and tech, tech-jam start-up classes and even the choreographed open spaces between buildings.

Research indicates that both strong ties and weak ties are fundamental to the innovation process and firm success. ⁶

Burgeoning innovation districts can be found in dozens of cities and metropolitan areas across the United States. These districts adhere to one of three general models.

The "anchor plus" model, primarily found in the downtowns and mid-towns of central cities, is where large scale mixed-use development is centered around major anchor institutions and a rich base of related firms, entrepreneurs and spin-off companies involved in the commercialization of innovation. "Anchor plus" is best exemplified by Kendall Square in Cambridge (and the explosion of growth around MIT and other nearby institutions like Mass. General Hospital) and the Cortex district in St. Louis (flanked by Washington University, Saint Louis University, and Barnes Jewish Hospital).

The "re-imagined urban areas" model, often found near or along historic waterfronts, is where industrial or warehouse districts are undergoing a physical and economic transformation. This change is powered, in part, by transit access, a historic building stock, and their proximity to downtowns in high rent cities, which is then supplemented with advanced research institutions and anchor companies. This model is best exemplified by the remarkable regeneration underway in Boston's South Boston waterfront and Seattle's South Lake Union area.

The third model, "urbanized science park," commonly found in suburban and exurban areas, is where traditionally isolated, sprawling areas of innovation are urbanizing through increased density and an infusion of new activities (including retail and restaurants) that are mixed as opposed to separated. North Carolina's Research Triangle Park, perhaps the 20th century's most iconic research and development campus, is the strongest validation of this model. In November, 2012, RTP unveiled a new 50-year master plan that calls for a greater concentration of buildings and amenities, including the creation of a vibrant central district, the addition of up to 1,400 multi-family housing units, retail and the possible construction of a light rail transit line to connect the park with the larger Raleigh-Durham region. ⁷

Practitioners in leading edge innovation districts offer five pieces of advice:

First, build a collaborative leadership network, a collection of leaders from key institutions, firms and sectors who regularly and formally cooperate on the design, delivery, marketing and governance of the district. In advanced innovation districts in Barcelona, Eindhoven, St Louis and Stockholm, leaders found the Triple Helix model of governance to be fundamental to their success. ⁸ The Triple Helix consists of structured interactions between industry, research universities, and government.

Second, set a vision for growth by providing actionable guidance for how an innovation district should grow and develop in the short-, medium- and long-term along economic, physical and social dimensions. Most practitioners cite the importance of developing a vision to leverage their unique strengths-distinct economic clusters, leading local and regional institutions and companies, physical location and design advantages and other cultural attributes.

Third, pursue talent and technology given that educated and skilled workers and sophisticated infrastructure and systems are the twin drivers of innovation. Pursuing talent requires attraction, retention and growth strategies; integrating technology requires a commitment to top notch fiber optics (and, in some places, specialized laboratory facilities) to create a high quality platform for innovative firms.

Fourth, promote inclusive growth by using the innovation district as a platform to regenerate adjoining distressed neighborhoods as well as creating educational, employment and other opportunities for low-income residents of the city. Strategies in places as disparate as Barcelona, Detroit and Philadelphia have particularly focused on equipping workers with the skills they need to participate in the innovation economy or other secondary and tertiary jobs generated by innovative growth.

Finally, enhance access to capital to support basic science and applied research; the commercialization of innovation; entrepreneurial start-ups and expansion (including business incubators and accelerators); urban residential, industrial and commercial real estate (including new collaborative spaces); place-based infrastructure (e.g., energy, utilities, broadband, and transportation); education and training facilities; and intermediaries to steward the innovation ecosystem. Districts in Cambridge, Detroit and St. Louis have successfully re-deployed local capital to meet these needs.

The potential for the growth of innovation districts in the United States is exceptionally strong.

Virtually every major city in the United States has an "anchor plus" play given the confluence of a vibrant central business district, a strong midtown area and transit connecting the two.

Many cities and older suburban communities are also making progress on "re-imagining urban areas," repositioning underutilized sections of their community through investments in infrastructure (or infrastructure removal), Innovation districts embody the very essence of cities: an aggregation of talented, driven people, assembled in close quarters, who exchange ideas and knowledge in what urban historian Sir Peter Hall calls a "dynamic process of innovation, imitation, and improvement." - Peter Hall, Cities in Civilization: Culture, Innovation, and Urban Order brownfield remediation, waterfront reclamation and transit-oriented development.

Lastly, a handful of "urbanized science parks" (and their adjacent suburban communities) are clustering development, encouraging density and creating spaces to allow individuals and firms to network openly.

The rise of innovation districts aligns with the disruptive dynamics of our era and represents a clear path forward for cities and metropolitan areas. Local decision makers-elected officials and heads of large and small companies, local universities, philanthropies, community colleges, neighborhood councils and business chambers-would be wise to unleash them. Global companies and financial institutions would be smart to embrace them. States and federal government should support and accelerate them. The result: a step toward building a stronger, more sustainable and more inclusive economy in the early decades of this young century. □

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
As the United States slowly emerges from the Great Recession, a remarkable shift is occurring in the spatial geography of innovation. For the past 50 years, the landscape of innovation has been dominated by places like Silicon Valley-suburban corridors of spatially isolated corporate campuses, accessible only by car, with little emphasis on the quality of life or on integrating work, housing and recreation.

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I6peAaD_avo

Ezgi

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
The Metropolitan Revolution: The New Geography of Innovation

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https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat/social-inequality/social-class/v/intergenerational-and-intragenerational-mobility-social-mobility

Ezgi

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Video transcript

- Hello, I want you to meet this wonderful family. It's Mary, the mum, Jim, the dad and Ian, the son. And they're gonna help us to understand some key concepts about social mobility. Now Ian is an accountant, so he would be considered middle class. And if this triangle represents the upper class at the top, middle class in the middle and lower class at the bottom. He would typically be considered as an accountant to be in the middle class. So what would happen if in Ian's lifetime he got a series of promotions and ended up as the CEO of this international accounting firm. End up making an absolute boatload of money. And actually joined the upper class. He would actually move up, in terms of his social standing. What about on the flip side? What if he had some real struggles at the company, got fired and ended up in a really poorly paid job. Maybe in a manual job, maybe as a factory worker. He would perhaps move down. In his life time he would perhaps join the working class or the lower class. So one of the important things to consider here is what's happening to Ian it's happening to him in his life time, in his own life time. Whether he goes up or down the change in social mobility that he's experiencing is one that's affecting him in his own generation in his own life time. And this is something that we call "intragenerational mobility". And the important thing with intragenerational mobility is that it's affecting Ian in his life time. Now there's another concept I want to introduce you to. And that concept is a little bit different. And that concept is actually called "intergenerational mobility". And just like intragenerational mobility these concepts are both really descibing types of social mobility. Particularly social mobility up or down the social hierarchy. Now what's different about intergenerational mobility is that we really need to consider Ian's parents. Because intergenerational mobility actually considers them in addition to him. Instead of just looking at what is happening to him we have to really consider where they stand on the social ladder. So let's have a look at them. So if they were manual workers, laborers, working class or lower class. And then Ian ended up being a CEO, for example, in the upper class. We would see that across generations there was a change in their social group from a lower class to upper class. So really one of the key concepts between both of these is that when we consider intragenerational mobility we are considering social mobility change in a person's own life time. While when we consider intergenerational mobility we are considering social mobility changes across generations.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Intergenerational and intragenerational mobility social mobility (video) | Khan Academy

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Visit us (http://www.khanacademy.org/science/healthcare-and-medicine) for health and medicine content or (http://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat) for MCAT related content. These videos do not provide medical advice and are for informational purposes only. The videos are not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment.

# data[].attributes.body
Level: C1

Word form: Noun
It describes the types of factors that make something hard to achieve or the factors that stand in your way to achieving your goals.

Synonyms: Impediment, handicap
Use in the sentence:
He was one of the most ambitious people I've ever met, no obstacle can make him cross his path.

Quotes with "obstacle":

“Obstacles are those frightful things you see when you take your eyes off your goal.” – Henry Ford.

Some obstacles you may have to face within your daily life: half-witted students, prejudged people, the ones who have an idea with knowledge

# data[].attributes.body
Level: B1

Word form : noun
Meaning: Mıntıka, bölge
It desrcibes a certain land that stated with exact borders.

Fancy alternatives: zone, area, region

Sentence: This district is far away from the downtown I bet that you wont catch any bus soon.

Quote: The name of a district or a commissionerate should be what the country and the world identifies it with.

# data[].attributes.body
Level: C1
Word Form: Noun
Meaning: a thing that blocks one's way or prevents or hinders progress.
Synonyms: difficulty, handicap,
Antonyms:Advantage, aid, benefit, assistance
Example:Economical situation was the biggest obstacle which he overcame.

# data[].attributes.body
Level: B1
Word Form: Noun
Meaning: an area of a country or city, especially one characterized by a particular feature or activity.
Example: She was working in a coal-mining district.

# data[].attributes.body
Level : Probably B2

Meaning: The ability to move easily and freely

Sentence: Last year I broke my arm and it hasn't been recovered enough. I am afraid that its mobility has been affected.

Synoyms: variability, versatility

Quotes: If you dont want to become an old-man without the ability to move, stand up right now and do excercise. (Zeynep Börekçi)

# data[].attributes.body
Level: ???
Word Form: Noun
Meaning: ability to move and change
Example: Economy is the one of the areas which have mobility

# data[].attributes.body
Level: B2
Word Form: Noun
Meaning: a period of temporary economic decline during which trade and industrial activity are reduced, generally identified by a fall in GDP in two successive quarters.
Example: Versailles Treaty is the biggest recession of the German economy.

# data[].attributes.body
Level: C1
Word Form: Adjective
Meaning: relating to an occupation or employment
Example: specialized vocational courses such as fashion and catering have been popular among students

# data[].attributes.body
Level: C1
Word Form: Noun
Meaning: the action or state of including or of being included within a group or structure.
Example: they have been selected for inclusion in the scheme

# data[].attributes.body
Level: C1
Word Form: Adjective
Meaning:  Not good, or not as good as someone or something else.
Example: schooling in inner-city areas was inferior to that in the rest of the country

# data[].attributes.body
Level: C1
Word Form: Adjective
Meaning:  If advice, criticism, or actions are constructive, they are useful and intended to help or improve something.
Example: He gave me an constructive advice.

# data[].attributes.body
Level: B2
Word Form: Verb
Meaning: a tool, utensil, or other piece of equipment that is used for a particular purpose

# data[].attributes.body
Level: C1
Word Form: Noun
Meaning: the amount by which something, especially a sum of money, is too small
Example: A deficit is synonymous with a shortfall or loss and is the opposite of a surplus

# data[].attributes.body
Level: ???
Word Form: Adjective
Meaning:  Criticizing someone, in a way that shows you do not respect or value them.
Example: disparaging remarks about council houses

# data[].attributes.body
B2 (unexpected)

Meaning: a period when the economy of a country is not successful and conditions for business are bad

Synonmys: credit crunch, downtown,

Sentence: The recession in Chinese econonmy has affected multiple areas in trade market.

# data[].attributes.body
Word Form: Noun
Level: C1
Definition: Something that blocks you so that movement, going forward, or action is prevented or made more difficult (Cambridge Dictionary)
Example: People can't get behind the line because of the obstacles.

# data[].attributes.body
Word Form: Noun
Level: B1
Definition: An area of a country or town that has fixed borders that are used for official purposes, or that has a particular feature that makes it different from surrounding areas (Cambridge Dictionary)
Example: There were 13 districts in Panem but one of them has demolished by the Capitol because of rebellion.

# data[].attributes.body
Word Form: Noun
Level: C1
Definition: The ability to move freely or be easily moved. (Cambridge Dictionary)
Example: The general performance of desktops are better than laptops but the mobility of laptops is way more better, that's why people buy laptops.

# data[].attributes.body
Word Form: Noun
Level: B2
Definition: A period when the economy of a country is not successful and conditions for business are bad. (Cambridge Dictionary)
Example: The country is sliding into the depths of (a) recession. (Definition taken from Cambridge Dictionary)

# data[].attributes.body
Word Form: Adjective
Level: C1
Definition: Providing skills and education that prepare you for a job. (Cambridge Dictionary)

Example: The Swedes regard vocational training as a part of a youngster's education. (Example is taken from Cambridge Dictionary)

# data[].attributes.body
Word Form: Noun
Level: C1
Definition: The act of including someone or something as part of a group, list, etc., or a person or thing that is included. (Cambridge Dictionary)
Example: The book's value stems from its inclusion of multiple viewpoints. (Taken from Cambridge Dictionary)

# data[].attributes.body
Word Form: Adjective
Level: C1
Definition: Not good, or not as good as someone or something else. (Cambridge Dictionary)

Example: These products are inferior to those we bought last year. (Taken form Cambridge Dictionary)

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Word Form: Adjective
Level: C1
Definition: If advice, criticism, or actions are constructive, they are useful and intended to help or improve something. (Cambridge Dictionary)
Example: If you don't have anything constructive to say, it's better to say nothing. (Taken from Cambridge Dictionary)

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Word Form: Verb
Level: B2
Definition: To start using a plan or system. (Cambridge Dictionary)
Example: The changes to the national health system will be implemented next year. (Taken form Cambridge Dictionary)

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Word Form: Noun
Level: C1
Definition: The total amount by which money spent is more than money received. (Cambridge Dictionary)

Example: The country is running a balance-of-payments/budget/trade deficit of $250 million. (Taken from Cambridge Dictionary)

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Word Form: Verb
Level: B2 or C1 ??
Definition: To criticize someone or something in a way that shows you do not respect or value him, her, or it. (Cambridge Dictionary)

Example: The actor's work for charity has recently been disparaged in the press as an attempt to get publicity. (Taken from Cambridge Dictionary)

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Word Forms:
Noun-Obstacle
Verb-None
Adjective-Obstacular
Meaning (Oxford Dictionary): A situation, an event, etc. that makes it difficult for you to do or achieve something synonym hindrance A lack of qualifications can be a major obstacle to finding a job.
Synonyms: Hitch, handicap, burden, difficulty.
Antonyms: Benefit, advantage, contribution, aid, asset.
Example: The biggest obstacle in our fight against violence against women in our country is the patriarchal society.

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Word Forms:
Noun-District
Verb-District
Adjective-Districtual
Meaning (Oxford Dictionary): An area of a country or town, especially one that has particular features.
Synonyms: Quarter, area, region, sector, neigbourhood.
Antonyms: Whole, mercilessness.
Example: "My name is Katniss Everdeen. I am seventeen years old. My home is District 12. I was in the Hunger Games."

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Word Forms:
Noun-Mobilization
Verb-Mobilise
Adjective-Mobile
Meaning (Oxford Dictionary): The ability to move easily from one place, social class or job to another. Social/geographical/career mobility.
Synonyms: Motion, motility, movability, agility, freedom of movement.
Antonyms: Rest, repose, immobility.
Example: Within the household system there was little opportunity for social mobility.

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Word Forms:
Noun-Recess
Verb-Recess
Adjective-Recessive
Meaning (Oxford Dictionary): A recessive physical characteristic only appears in a child if it has two genes for this characteristic, one from each parent compare to dominant.
Synonyms: Depression, downturn, stagnation, bust, decline.
Antonyms: Boom, upturn, growth, increase.
Example: When the economy entered recession, the workhouse conditions had to be worsened more.

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Word Forms:
Noun-Vocation
Verb-None
Adjective-Vocative
Meaning (Oxford Dictionary): Connected with the skills, knowledge, etc. that you need to have in order to do a particular job.
Synonyms: Professional, career, occupational, employment.
Antonyms: Leisure, recreational, unoccupied, available.
Example: Work-based training for young people offer broad based vocational training and work experience.

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Word Forms:
Noun-Inclusion
Verb-Include
Adjective-Inclusive
Meaning (Oxford Dictionary): The fact of including someone or something; the fact of being included.
Synonyms: Addition, incorporation, introduction, insertion.
Antonyms: Exclusion, omission, absence, exception.
Example: His inclusion on the team is in doubt.

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Word Forms:
Noun-Inferiority
Verb-None
Adjective-Inferior
Meaning (Oxford Dictionary): Not good or not as good as someone or something else of inferior quality inferior goods to make someone feel inferior inferior to somebody/something.
Synonyms: Lesser, minor, lowly, humble, subordinate.
Antonyms: Superior, senior, greater, major.
Example: Modern music is often considered inferior to that of the past.

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Word Forms:
Noun-Construction
Verb-Construct
Adjective-Constructible
Meaning (Oxford Dictionary): ​Having a useful and helpful effect rather than being negative or with no purpose.
Synonyms: Productive, helpful, positive, practical, effective.
Antonyms: Destructive, negative, unproductive, vain.
Example: We welcome any constructive criticism.

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Word Forms:
Noun-Implementation
Verb-Implement
Adjective-Implementational
Meaning (Oxford Dictionary): ​Something to make something that has been officially decided start to happen or be used synonym carry out. To implement changes/decisions/policies/reforms.
Synonyms: Tool, utensil, device, appliance, equipment.
Antonyms: Prevent, hinder, delay, stop, halt.
Example: This implement costs about four shillings.

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Word Forms:
Noun-Deficiency
Verb-None
Adjective-Deficient
Meaning (Oxford Dictionary): ​The amount by which money spent or owed is greater than money earned in a particular period of time.
Synonyms: Shortage, lack, scarcity, insufficieny, want.
Antonyms: Abundance, amplitude, plent, excess, enough.
Example: We will reduce the federal budget deficit.

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Word Forms:
Noun-Disparage
Verb-Disparage
Adjective-Disparaging
Meaning (Oxford Dictionary): Somebody/something to suggest that somebody/something is not important or valuable synonym belittle.
Synonyms: Contemptuous, derogatory slighting, disdainful, abusive.
Antonyms: Complimentary, commendatory, laudatory, praising.
Example: You disparage my brother by saying he is worthless?