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With his new power, President Theodore Roosevelt proceeded to take a big stick to the major monopolies of the day: Rockefeller's Standard Oil, J. P. Morgan's banks, and Cargenie's Steel Company. He pushed enforcement of the 1890 Sherman Antitrust Act. Still, the economy was slow to recover, and the public became disillusioned with capitalism.

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The Food and Drug Administration was created to keep the American people safe and control the formerly unregulated market of foods, drugs, and cosmetics. This organization was created by the Pure Food and Drugs Act of 1906 this early origination had a miasma of problems. This original organization had very little power and wasn't even able to remove dangerous products from the market or go against blatant misbranding. To still spread awareness the FDA’s Chief Education Officer, Ruth deForest Lamb, and Chief Inspector, George Larrick, created a traveling show featuring about 100 dangerous or misbranded products, dubbed the "American Chamber of Horrors."

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There were a variety of substances in our foods and medicines that were incredibly dangerous to the human body.
Some examples include:
Coca-Cola contained trace amounts of cocaine until 1929
Food poisoning was rampant as typhoid fever, tuberculosis, botulism and scarlet fever were ever-present.
Many instruments for meat production were either cleaned irregularly or not at all.
As well many medical practices were incredibly unsanitary as hand washing was not regulated or required and gloves were rarely used.
As well milk was usually unpasteurized and not shelf-stable containing many deadly diseases.

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By the 1890s a typical day’s diet included two kinds of meats, eggs, cheese, butter, cream, bread, corn, several other vegetables, jellies, preserves, relishes, cake, pie, milk, coffee, and tea. Because cattle were more widely available, Midwesterners and westerners also consumed more beef than did southerners. Immigrant and Ethnic Foods.

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Medicines during 1890-1920 consents of quinine, digitalis, and cocaine. Whiskey was also considered to be a regular cure for many different ailments and was regularly prescribed to small children. As well many medical practices were uncontrolled and many were even completely made up.

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The newly created Federal Trade Commission enforced The Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914 and prevented unfair methods of competition. Aside from banning the practices of price discrimination and anti-competitive mergers, the new law also declared strikes, boycotts, and labor unions legal under federal law. The bill passed the House with an overwhelming majority on June 5, 1914. President Woodrow Wilson signed it into law on October 15, 1914.

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“Look before you eat . . . ,” chromolithograph by Frederick Burr Opper, Puck, March 12, 1884

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The Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 outlaws "every contract, combination, or conspiracy in restraint of trade," and any "monopolization, attempted monopolization, or conspiracy or combination to monopolize." The Supreme Court decided that the Sherman Act does not prohibit every restraint of trade, only those that are unreasonable. For instance, in some sense, an agreement between two individuals to form a partnership restrains trade, but may not do so unreasonably, and thus may be lawful under the antitrust laws. On the other hand, certain acts are considered so harmful to competition that they are almost always illegal. These include plain arrangements among competing individuals or businesses to fix prices, divide markets, or rig bids.

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Dr. Harvey Washington Wiley was a professional Chemist and professor at Purdue University and in 1883 he joined the US Department of Agriculture as the head chemist and became incredibly invested in the safety of food and eventually created various tests to evaluate the safety of foods. Eventually, in 1902 he enlisted groups of volunteers that became known as the "Poison Squad" and tested a variety of chemical-laced foods. These efforts eventually led to the signing of the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906.

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Written by the American journalist and novelist Upton Sinclair (1878–1968), the novel portrays the harsh conditions and exploited lives of immigrants in the United States in Chicago and similar industrialized cities. Sinclair's primary purpose in describing the meat industry and its working conditions was to advance socialism in the United States. However, most readers were more concerned with several passages exposing health violations and unsanitary practices in the American meatpacking industry during the early 20th century, which greatly contributed to a public outcry that led to reforms including the Meat Inspection Act. The book depicts working-class poverty, lack of social support, harsh and unpleasant living and working conditions, and hopelessness among many workers. These elements are contrasted with the deeply rooted corruption of people in power. A review by the writer Jack London called it "the Uncle Tom's Cabin of wage slavery."

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The Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 prohibited the sale of misbranded or adulterated food and drugs in interstate commerce and laid a foundation for the nation's first consumer protection agency, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). It gave the government broad powers to ensure the safety and efficacy of drugs to abolish the "patent" drug trade.

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https://www.visitthecapitol.gov/exhibitions/congress-and-progressive-era/pure-food-and-drug-act
https://www.eatright.org/homefoodsafety/safety-tips/food-poisoning/food-safety-changes-through-the-ages#:~:text=In%20the%20early%201900s%2C%20food,tuberculosis%2C%20botulism%20and%20scarlet%20fever.
https://www.fda.gov/about-fda/fda-history-exhibits/80-years-federal-food-drug-and-cosmetic-act

muckraker | Definition, History, Examples, & Facts | Britannica

https://www.britannica.com › topic › muckraker

https://www.ftc.gov/tips-advice/competition-guidance/guide-antitrust-laws/antitrust-laws

https://history.house.gov/HistoricalHighlight/Detail/15032424979

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Although Congress began investigating drug purity in the 1840s, it was during the Progressive Era that it approved the first federal regulations protecting consumers' health and safety. When Upton Sinclair's 1906 novel The Jungle revealed food adulteration and unsanitary practices in meat production, public outrage prompted Congress to establish federal responsibility for public health and welfare. The Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 prohibited the sale of misbranded or adulterated food and drugs in interstate commerce and laid a foundation for the nation's first consumer protection agency, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
I have here . . . a number of adulterated articles. Here is a bottle of cherries, originally picked green, in order that they might be firm, with the green color all taken out with acid until they were perfectly white, and then colored with an aniline dye which is poisonous in any quantity.
Representative James Mann of Illinois, Speech to the U.S. House of Representatives, June 21, 1906

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Although Congress began investigating drug purity in the 1840s, it was during the Progressive Era that it approved the first federal regulations protecting consumers' health and safety. When Upton Sinclair's 1906 novel The Jungle revealed food adulteration and unsanitary practices in meat production, public outrage prompted Congress to establish federal responsibility for public health and welfare.

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Ida Minerva Tarbell (November 5, 1857–January 6, 1944) was a critic of corporate power and muckraking journalist. Famous for her exposés of corporate America and for biographies of Abraham Lincoln, Tarbell was added to the National Women's Hall of Fame in 2000. In 1999, when NYU's Department of Journalism ranked important works of journalism from the 20th century, Ida Tarbell's work on Standard Oil made fifth place. She appeared on a U.S. postage stamp in September 2002 in a four-part collection honoring women in journalism.

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The Muckrakers were reform-minded journalists, writers, and photographers in the Progressive Era in the United States (the 1890s–1920s) who exposed economic corruption and wrongdoing in established institutions, as well as social hardships caused by the power of a big business that is rapidly industrializing. The Muckrakers played a highly visible role during the Progressive Era.