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The main system for 1G is AMPS. Due to many defects of 1G, such as serial number (the number dialed does not match the caller ID), number theft and other phenomena, the 1G network was officially shut down in 1999, and 2G came along with it.

1G to 2G is analog modulation to digital modulation process. Compared with the first generation of communication, 2G is more mature in technology, has a qualitative leap in system capacity and call quality, and has a greatly enhanced anti-interference capability. And most importantly, 2G networks allow texting and Internet access as well as voice calls. The main network standard of 2G system includes GSM, TDMA and CDMA.

The second generation of mobile communications can be said to lay the foundation for 3G and 4G, is a solid step in the communications industry. Compared with 2G, 3G mainly expands the spectrum and improves the rate, which is more conducive to the development of network business. At the same time, the evolution of 3G technology combines multiple access methods, USES higher-order modulation technology and coding technology, and USES multi-carrier binding, MIMO and other technologies to further improve the rate.

Under 3G, we have more high-frequency broadband and stable transmission, video telephony and mass data transmission are more common, and mobile communications have more diverse applications. As a result, 3G is also seen as a key to ushering in a new era of mobile communications. 4G has been on our horizon since 2013. 4G technology includes TD-LTE and FDD-LTE, with faster transmission rate, wider network spectrum, higher communication flexibility and better compatibility. All in all, 4G makes mobile phones more versatile. A large and stable flow of information allows you to control both communication and entertainment.

But with the continuous development of technology, consumers have higher requirements for the transmission speed of the network. Whether it's driverless cars or high-definition video downloads, 4G network transmission speeds are still a bit short of the demands of rapid development. At this time, the 5G network with higher transmission rate also comes into being. With the birth and popularization of AR, VR, Internet of Things and other technologies, the demand for mobile network is getting higher and higher. 5G application scenarios are divided into mobile Internet and Internet of things. In addition to solving the development of mobile Internet, 5G's millisecond delay will also solve the demand for wireless communication between machines, effectively promoting the development of Internet of vehicles, industrial Internet and other fields. With the popularization of 5G technology, there will be more interesting applications and new mobile experiences in the future.

In a nutshell, the development of mobile communication will not stop, the evolution of technology will be more and more open. The application of 5G technology is not an end point, but a new starting point. The development of information technology is getting faster and faster, and the amount of data transmission is also increasing exponentially. At the moment, 6G technology has made a breakthrough. In the near future, these technologies are sure to come into our real life and bring great changes to our life. Global mobile communication has gone through the process from scratch and from weak to strong. We also firmly believe that in the development process of mobile communication, we will certainly be able to walk in the forefront of the world and lead the development direction of mobile communication.

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1G:

First generation of wireless cellular technology and it is based on Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS). Aside from the main ability to make a call wirelessly it is flawed in other aspects from performance to security due to poor implementation and technology limitations back then. Few major issues:

Poor call quality

Unreliable handoff

Lack of security

Low level spectrum efficiency

2G:

Second generation of wireless cellular technology which is based on Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM). Unlike 1G, it has transitioned from the use of analog signal to digital signal for voice transmission which greatly improves the efficiency on how the audio is being handled. Not just that, with the use of digital signals, users were able to make more than just calls but also text messages (SMS) and picture messages (MMS).

2.5G:

Further development has created a new revision of 2G as well, known as 2.5G. Unlike the previous generation (2G), bandwidth has improved been from a peak of 64 Kbps to 144 Kbps. This allow more features that can be implemented onto a mobile phone such as sending or receiving email and being able to browse the web.

3G:

Similar to 2G, 3G is based on GSM architecture and in this iteration, developers focused more on improving the bandwidth rate to allow more possibility that could be implemented onto a mobile phone. 3G has different variant as well such as Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS), CDMA2000 and IMT2000. This time around, 3G has breached the limit of Kbps and it enables data transfer rate of up to 14 Mbps or more by using packet switching. This generation of technology also introduced: video calls, high-speed internet service, TV streaming, and offered better security. Devices that support 3G are often called smart devices as well due to the amount of features it could achieve. With that said, during the early days of deployment, 3G services are expensive and phones that support said technology are scarce too which makes it less accessible to majority of the consumer in the mobile market.

4G:

4G is one of the most commonly use technology nowadays and provide all the features that 3G could offer. In early days of 4G, implementation and deployment of this technology did not achieve the theoretical speed that developers calculated thus, an alternative term has been created which is Long Term Evolution (LTE). LTE uses 4G technology, but this term was used to signify that this technology is under constant update to improve its service until it has reached the peak of 4G’s theoretical capability. In comparison to 3G, 4G offers significantly higher bandwidth rate as well as lower latency so users could utilize the service for service like real-time streaming and large file transfer.

5G:

As technology improves, the amount of data needed to be transferred increased proportionately as well. To accommodate that, 5G was proposed back in 2010s and currently, it has only been deployed in limited selected areas. 5G aims to offer experience similar to a cabled fiber connection speed which is speed of higher than 1Gbps although the current average speed hovers around 300-500Mbps due to multiple factors interfering with 5G signals. With the sheer speed of 5G, streaming ultra-high-definition video on-the-go is possible coupled with large file transfer during work travels (video editing footages, etc) and low-latency interaction with droids (as low as 10ms).

Conclusion:
As mentioned earlier, technology is constantly being updated. Not just that, data size has seemingly increase in size exponentially as well in order to accommodate or store more information for medium such as video files (8K resolution) or high-definition conference call (with high amount of participants). As such, there is a need for a better technology to assist in achieving said tasks.

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First generation

In 1G, phones started to leave the restriction of mobility where people can carry their phone around. The system that used in this very first telecommunication service was Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS) that used analog signals and transport signals through frequency modulation across a width band of 824MHz to 894MHz. In 1G mobile communication have a lot of disadvantages, like bulky phone, instable connections, low service quality and limited range. For the first-generation telecommunication, subscribers were allowed to having voice calls and simple data transmission. The phone will send signals to the base station and connects the device to the desired destination, for example, PSTN for stationary phones, and internet connections.

Second generation

2G telecommunication refers to the invention of GSM in 1980s; instead of analog signals, GSM has transcoded the analog signals to a more stable signal which is a digital signal. The use of digital signals makes data transmission more versatile and enable GSM to transmit multimedia data like, pictures and text. In 2G, it improves a lot of the problems from 1G; it has a bigger spectrum, higher data rate, better quality and mobility. The key of these improvements are due to the invention of circuit-switching system, for example, TDMA. TDMA stands for Time Division Multiple Access, which is accessing multiple users to a same channel by dividing the channels into different time slot to serve each user of this channel. The data or signals will be sent to the users within its time slot which increased the channel efficiency.

In the development of 2G technology, there are improvement are made by not reaching the standard of 3G, and these developments are named 2.5G. In generation 2.5, another system was developed which named Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) that allows the sending and receive of emails and messages. CDMA transcoded the data or signals in to codes that only can be encoded by specific receiver; when all the codes were send to through the channel to the device, each receiver will encode the recognized code and treat other code as noise. This has greatly increase the efficiency of the channels which can serve more user as compared to TDMA.

Third generation 3G

In 3G, the data rate has been increased thousand times faster and ten times wider bandwidth compared to the previous generation. The use of circuit switching (TDMA) was no more effective and being replaced by CDMA. CDMA has split to two different streams which are W-CDMA that used one Wide band spectrum, and CDMA2000 that used multiple narrow bands. W-CDMA used a wider band to transmit all kind of data, like multimedia and voice calls, but CDMA 2000 use different band to transmit voice calls and data. Due to the increase in data rate and spectrum, more complex data transmission like, audio and videos are able achieved. In addition, 3G allows Global Roaming that could enjoy mobile services even in overseas. These big improvements follows by the higher cost which refers to the high cost for setting up infrastructure for 3G technology and also the global coverage.

Fourth generation (4G)

Data rate and bandwidth of 4G again improved almost hundred times betters, 4G improved the quality of service provide in 3G telecommunication, like television streaming, high definition content and video chat. The one of the biggest improvements was the security. 4G technology developed multiple protocols to make sure the content was sent to the user safely. Instead of code, the data was packeted into packages that having the IP address of the destination and the sender. This makes the data can only be access by the device with the correct IP address and the receiver can located the sender’s destination to make sure the data is from the correct sender. Unfortunately, 4G telecommunication was not compatible to 3G infrastructure which leads to a huge cost in building new 4G infrastructure

Fifth generation (5G)

Same as previous scenarios, 5G have a higher data rate and bigger spectrum that allows more data transmission and subscribers. 5G will allow the accomplishment of network slicing which are the program driven service that creates a virtual network for different use. This in case, everyone can have their own network that have different purposes, for example, school network. Besides, 5G technology focus in the low latency and low energy lost which make the data transmission more reliable.