# data[].attributes.body
This John Winthrop’s speech about the city upon a hill and in this document it states his reasonings on why he said Mass. was a city upon a hill and it also says his religious views. In this speech it also explains why he shuns people with religious freedom because if they falsely deal with God and his works, and it makes god pull away they must shame the faces of god’s servants. Basically tells why his colony will be a city upon a hill and how they will get there is through one true faith.

Christina Piattoni

# data[].attributes.body
This is a recreation of the burning of Jamestown one of the longest lasting outcomes of Bacons rebellion.

# data[].attributes.body
This is the Jamestown colony before Bacon’s rebellion.

# data[].attributes.body
Roger Williams was not only a known minister, but a known author, as well. Below, I have attached his Plea For Religious Freedom.

# data[].attributes.body
John Adams was part of the committee that wrote the Declaration of Independence. Below is an image of the Declaration of Independence.
Valerie Cruz

# data[].attributes.body
Edward Rutledge represented South Carolina in the Continental Congress and was the youngest person to sign the Declaration of Independence. Below is a picture of the signing of the Declaration, with Rutledge being seen on the far right
-Jack Curran

# data[].attributes.body
James Madison, also known as the “Father of the Constitution”, helped contribute to the drafting and ratification of the Constitution and the Bill of Rights. In addition, Thomas Jefferson and he founded the Democratic-Republican Party. Below is a picture of the Constitution.

# data[].attributes.body
James Madison, also known as the “Father of the Constitution”, contributed to the drafting and ratification of the Constitution. In addition, Thomas Jefferson and he founded the Democratic-Republican Party. Below is an image of the Constitution.
-Sierra Schassburger

# data[].attributes.body
This is a picture of an article written by Robert Yates, under the name Brutus. It is from a publication in Massachusetts from before the constitution was created and implemented. In this article he condemns federalism and a strong central government.

# data[].attributes.body
This is a picture of an even known as Shay’s Rebellion, in which crowds of debt ridden farmers closed the courts in western Massachusetts to prevent the seizure of their land for failure to pay taxes. Governor James Bowdoin dispatched an army headed by a former Revolutionary War general to disperse the crowd, as well as make more than 1,000 arrests. This event led to a series of events in the 1780s that persuaded an influential group of Americans that the national government must be strengthened so that it could develop uniform economic policies and protect private property owners from infringements on their rights by these local majorities.

- Teddy Seese

# data[].attributes.body
This is a picture of the Constitution where Thomas Jefferson argued that we must strictly follow the 10th amendment as it is the backbone of our constitution. Hamilton tried using loopholes in the constitution to bypass the the 10th ammendment’s rules of  preventing the national government from holding to much power. Hamilton tried using a statement in article 1 section 8 (seen in the attached image below) to justify his reasoning on the creation of the National bank. - Ian Tongco (Jefferson)

# data[].attributes.body
This picture depicts Jackson “destroying the national bank” by vetoing the bill to renew its charter. The person who is illustrated as the devil under the rubble of the bank is actually Nicholas Biddle who was the president of the second national bank. Jackson had a strong hatred for the national bank and even believed that the bank was funding anti-Jackson campaigns, taking away citizens right/liberties, and was trying to “kill him”. The bank falling down and crumbling under its president, business partners, and supporters shows how the veto Jackson enacted affected the national bank; it caused it to be totally shut down
- Ariane Lee (Andrew Jackson)

# data[].attributes.body
The illustration showcases how some people viewed the national bank at the time; many saw Andrew Jackson as somewhat heroic for fighting against the bank and the rich people sponsoring the bank. The establishment, despite being successful only benefited the rich, therefore to many the bank was a monster.

# data[].attributes.body
This is the page cover of the South Carolina Exposition and Protest which John Calhoun wrote to emphasize the idea that  nullification is a constitutional right according to the 10 Amendment, and therefore is justified because the right was not given to Congress. He argues that the Constitution granted states sovereignty, and they have the power to nullify a law, in this case a tariff, that was passed unjustly and unfairly to the benefit of only part of the country.
-Mia Lockett (Calhoun)

# data[].attributes.body
This picture illustrates that under all circumstances, the Federal Union should be protected and preserved at all costs. This was the basis of Webster’s argument against nullification. He believed that the government was put in place to serve all the people and must be preserved at all costs.  The illustration shows the United States as the Temple of Liberty, to be protected and preserved.

# data[].attributes.body
This Is a picture of a man that is Beating an Indian, and the title says that it is a school for "savages" which is what many of the Indians were thought of and a reason why they wanted to force them out of the country. ~Talicia Stringer

# data[].attributes.body
Andrew Jackson wanted native Americans to be removed from where they were originally staying, this resulted in the trail of tears, where the passage of natives traveling from east to west lead to the deaths of thousands of natives. He wanted to take away their rights as human beings as if they didnt already occupy the land.
-najah

# data[].attributes.body
The picture below is a copy of the newspaper, The Liberator.  Garrison was the author of the abolitionist newspaper. He would reject gradual emancipation schemes in favor of the immediate liberation of American slaves.
-Gabriela Lopez

# data[].attributes.body
This picture shows the Egyptian slave owners whipping the Israelites, who were their slaves making pyramids. -Haley

# data[].attributes.body
This political cartoon embodies Sarah Grimké’s view on women’s rights. This wave of women suffrage and demand for equality is sweeping over the social norm. Grimké preaches about gender equality for all women and the sisterhood that is created with these women are unstoppable, like a wave. Through Grimké’s writing, and all fighting women who demand  equality are portrayed in this cartoon. All of the strong, working, and demanding women are portrayed in this cartoon taking over society and their views.
-sarah segarra

# data[].attributes.body
This painting, "The Crowning of Flora," illustrates Horace Moulton's view on the role of women in society. It depicts all of the virtue and modesty that a women needs according to societal standards of the 19th century. In it, women are being sent off to a school to learn how to properly do domestic work like sewing and cooking. It promotes the cult of domesticity and encourages other women to conform by making it a celebration.
-Miguel Maninang

# data[].attributes.body
This image is of a political cartoon during the reconstruction era. The people in the middle are a wounded African American solider, who is portrayed as Othello from Shakespeare. Andrew Johnson is in the image of Iago, the traitorous friend of Othello. He tries to lead Othello into destroying everything he loved.  Other images in it are of riots, and Johnson as a snake charmer, bending the constitution around an African American.—Conner Bailey

# data[].attributes.body
This image is political cartoon representation of the Freedmen’s Bureau. This bureau would help protect Southern blacks, and also supported the civil rights act in March 1866. It was designed to protect freed slaves from Southern Black Codes. Johnson argued that those measures gave too much power to the federal government and he vetoed the Freedmen’s Bureau and the Civil Rights Act. However, Congress overrode Johnson’s veto.