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Summary

Logging industries cut down the trees to make products that use the woods natural strength and durability. The different trees being cut depends on the type of wood products produced. Selective logging is only cutting down the matured trees and leaving behind the younger trees. The cutting and transporting of the trees can damage half of the forest. Most companies don’t use selective logging because it’s too expensive and takes time to locate the matured trees.

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Main forest industry subsectors

Solid wood product manufacturing: Firms in this area engage in both primary (such as softwood lumber and structural panels) and secondary (such as millwork and engineered wood products) manufacturing for domestic consumption and export. This subsector accounted for approximately 44% of the forest sector’s contribution to the Canadian economy in 2013.

Pulp and paper product manufacturing: Companies in this area produce a wide range of products, covering everything from newsprint and household tissues to dissolving pulp for rayon production. This subsector accounted for approximately 36% of the contribution of the forest sector to the Canadian economy in 2013.

Forestry and logging : Firms in this area are responsible for field operations and harvesting of timber, including felling and hauling it to the mill. In 2013, this sector accounted for 20% of the forest sector’s contribution to the Canadian economy.

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Summary
Mining is the process of getting minerals from the ground or mine. Mining is considered non-renewable resources.  Once the minerals are taken from the Earth's crust they are gone forever. Minerals can be put into four groups : metallic minerals, non-metallic minerals, structural minerals and fossil fuels. Mining is a very dirty business and has a huge environmental impact. Big amounts of rock are blasted from the earth, but out of though huge amounts of rock only small percents are usable minerals. Which means that big amounts of waste called mine tailing are left behind. Dangerous things found in this waste can easily get in and pollute of lakes, river and underwater materials. Gases from mining can cause acid rain and smog. Canada is trying to change the way we mine to make a small environmental impact.

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How they mine and get the minerals.

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Summary

A new study by the David Suzuki foundation says Canada is not environmentally friendly. In fact, in the OECD, Canada is rated the 28th out of 30 worst country in the organization. The study looked at 29 different areas in Canada and rated Canada high in nuclear waste, carbon monoxide and volatile organic compounds. It was 29th in water consumption per capita, sulfur oxide emissions and energy use. Canada failed 24 out of 29 categories and only Belgium and the US got lower grades.

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In Canada, most of the greenhouse gases come from industry. Industry is the use of raw materials to make goods/products. Some goods that releases a lot of greenhouses gases when being made is plastic.

The greenhouse effect is when certain gases traps heat in the atmosphere, which warms the Earth. When people use plastics, they encourage the plastic industry. Also if people throw out plastic, it won’t go into the ground and it will stay there forever. Another nonrenewable good is gasoline. When gasoline is used in cars, it releases greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide traps heat from leaving the atmosphere, this causes global warming. Also if there is a lot of cars, there will be some smog. A key pipeline in Canada is the TransCanada pipeline. This pipeline transports natural gases. Natural gases are hydrocarbon compounds. This means natural gases are compounds with only hydrogen and carbon. A popular  natural gas is methane. Methane is a greenhouse gas and if methane leaks out of pipes it warms the Earth .

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Deforestation has been a major problem for the past 50 years. In Brazil, Congo, Indonesia, and many more parts of Africa people have been cutting down trees at alarming rate. An article by LiveScience states that “ About 36 football fields worth of trees lost every minute”. Canada is one of the world leaders in maintaining our trees. Canada has the lowest rate of deforestation at 0.02 percent. Logging is used to make a lot of our products. The two major industries that cut down trees are are used for logging paper and pulp. Selective logging is to cut one or two types of trees and leave the rest intact. Many companies use selective logging

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Many forests are being cut down for various reasons. The biggest reason why people are chopping down forests, is the fact that there is a high demand for wood, for example a lot things in school are made of wood such as pencils, desks, paper, etc. In short form people want wood. The second reason forests are being cut down is people want to clear the land to build more houses and businesses. With the growing population we need more space, but there are different ways to do that besides cutting down the all of our green space. We can build higher buildings in order to save land space we can also do many other things but deforestation should not be the only way.

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The logging industry cuts down trees to make wooden products. Most of the products are made from the trunk of the tree so the taller the trunk, the more valuable the tree is. Different products depend on the type of wood. Hardwood is used for things like furniture, floor boards and cabinets. Softwood is used for lighter uses like lumber, roofing and paper. Rates and causes of deforestation vary from region to region around the world. In 2009, 2/3 of the world forests were in Russia, Brazil, Canada, United States, China, Australia, Congo, Indonesia, Peru and India. World annual deforestation is estimated as 13.7 million hectares a year, equal to the area of Greece. Only half of this area is compensated by new forests or forest growth. In addition to directly human-induced deforestation, the growing forests have also been affected by climate change, increasing risks of storms, and diseases. Kyoto protocol includes the agreement to prevent deforestation but not the actions to fulfill it.

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Fresh Water

Freshwater are important renewable resources.

There are two types of waters

1. Groundwater

2. Freshwater

Groundwater can turn polluted or depleted and most is used.

99 percent is freshwater and 1 percent is groundwater.

Most people rely on groundwater supplies of water. We need water and food to survive and groundwater are 1 percent is remainder,while most of the freshwater is stuck in form of glaciers and ice caps.

We mostly need water to drink,feed pets or animals in general  and plant trees.

Some continents are going through drought

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Fresh Water
Freshwaters are important renewable resources.
There are two types of waters
Groundwater
Freshwater
 
 
 
Groundwater can turn polluted or depleted and most is used.
99 percent is freshwater and 1 percent is groundwater.
Most people rely on groundwater supplies of water. We need water and food to survive and groundwater are 1 percent is remainder,while most of the freshwater is stuck in form of glaciers and ice caps.
 
We mostly need water to drink,feed pets or animals in general  and plant trees.
 
   
 

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There are some type of fossil fuels eg. coal, natural gas, crude oil. Fossil fuels is a nonrenewable resource. Fossil Fuels cause climate change. Some countries such as Canada are wasting water and hurting the environment with nuclear waste, carbon monoxide, and volatile organic compounds.Countries are deciding to help the environment and use less fossil fuel and to waste less water, but America is not agreeing with this because Donald Trump does not believe in climate change.

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Website Link

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97% of the earth is covered with water, but over time the earth starts expanding and large bodies of water start forming into its own. The ocean is a big part of the world. The ocean plays a critical role andIt provides us with by removing carbon atmosphere and providing oxygen

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summary: the ocean is considered as one of the world's greatest natural resource about 97% of all the earth's water is in the oceans , it provides food such as fish and many minerals, it can be considered a flow resource because it  moves around the earth. The water is  pushed around by the winds the water  also moves because of the earth's rotation / spinning on the axis. There is also a whole food chain underwater that provides us with food such as fish, and other plants.

we give different names to smaller parts of the ocean. Gulf, sea, strait, and bay. The ocean is a sustainable resource if you use it wisely. Along with the ocean being a sustainable resource many minerals are also found, as It is mined for minerals such as salt, sand, gravel, and some manganese, copper, nickel, iron, and is also drilled for crude oil.

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Summary

The ocean is one of Earth's most valuable natural resource. Oceans are considered flow resources because the water moves around the earth. The water is pushed by winds and by spinning of the earth on it's axis. Also, the ocean provides minerals. The minerals have to be mined. Some minerals found in the ocean are salt, sand, gravel, and some manganese, copper, nickel, iron, and cobalt . It is also drilled for crude oil. The ocean removes carbon from the atmosphere and provides oxygen.

Animal Food Pyramid

The most important life forms in the ocean are the smallest. Phytoplankyon are so tiny. These plants are able to take minerals out of that water. Zooplankton eat Phytoplankyon. Zooplankton are eaten by larger animals such as herring and blue whales. Flesh eating animals like sharks and dolphins eat the animals that eat Zooplankton.

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The 3 rs

REDUCE:  making less waste, fewer stuff to go into the incinerator and making less will increase your health because a dangerous chemical goes into the air called dioxins

REUSE: instead of throwing them away you can find other uses for them example: food scraps can be compose. Seeing if it still has a purpose/life in it. A computer can be upgraded and a car can be resold

RECYCLE: old broken garbage can be made into new stuff example: jeans can be made into pencils key chains where soda cans

but is there 4?...

waste materials for the recovery of the energy values contained within the waste material such as BTUs or protein.

Complex or mixed materials that cannot easily be recycled back into the raw commodity may be recovered for their energy values.

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Summary
Fishing is a really popular activity done for fun. Overfishing and pollution has caused the freshwater fish to decrease. Fish are a renewable resource but many fish are facing falling numbers. Fish are most concentrated along the Continental Shelf along the edges of the continents. Plankton fertilize Microscopic plant life in the water. Fish are most in large quantities on continental shelves where two ocean currents meet, stirring up nutrients from the sea floor. People target these areas where fish are most common and overfish which usually gets these places to stop letting people from fishing. Fish are also a major source of protein. So this has made it profitable to catch as many fish as possible. Fishing  technology Is such as GPS electronic sonar and huge ships dragging nets across the seas. This causes huge amounts of fish being hauled at a short amount of time. The big nets also catch Waste Ie sharks. Turtles, immature fish and other marine life.

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There are many steps in mining. First geologist map the area to see which areas will have mineral deposits. Sometimes samples are taken from the surface or  from the ground using instrument.Then, core samples are drilled to see the quality and distribution of the mineral. Mining operations will begin when the mineral can be brought to the surface and shipped to customers for profit. There are two types of mining: open pit and underground. Huge amounts of rock are blasted, crushed, and refined. Mineral concentration range from less than 1 % to 30 %. Leaving large amounts of wastes called mine tailings. These tailing are used to fill the mining deposit. Dangerous components can pollute bodies of water. Gases from refinery smokestacks can cause acid rain. Non-renewable resources are gone once they have been used. Minerals are one of the most important non-renewable resource. There are four types of minerals: metallic mineral, non-metallic mineral, structural mineral, and fossil fuels.

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Open Pit Mining

Open pit mining is a surface mining technique where you extract minerals from an open pit.

Underground Mining

http://investingnews.com/files/2013/04/underground-mining.jpg

Underground mining is a technique of mining to extract hard minerals, especially those minerals which consist of metal such as ores containing silver, gold, iron, etc. However the use the same technique for gem mining like  diamonds.

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About one-half of Ontario’s electricity is produced at nuclear power plants. A nonrenewable resource is a resource of economic value that cannot be readily replaced by natural means on a level equal to its consumption. Most fossil fuels, such as oil, natural gas and coal are considered nonrenewable resources in that their use is not sustainable because their formation takes billions of years.

Types of Nonrenewable Resources
Fuels created from nonrenewable resources are still the primary source of all the power generated in the world, due to their affordability and high energy content. Usually, nonrenewable resources are formed from organic carbon material which, over the course of billions of years, is heated and compressed enough to change form into crude oil and natural gas. Crude oil and natural gas are then used to manufacture everyday forms of fuel, including gasoline, diesel fuel, heating oil and propane.

The term nonrenewable resource also refers to minerals and metals from the earth, such as gold, silver, and iron, which are similarly formed as a long-term result of geological processes such as plate tectonics. These resources are often costly to mine, as they are usually deep within the Earth's crust, but they are much more abundant than fossil fuels. Some types of groundwater are considered to be a nonrenewable resource, if the aquifer is unable to be replenished at the same rate at which it's drained. Also, nuclear materials such as uranium are nonrenewable resources.

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Mining

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Summery

99% of fresh water is in the form of glaciers and ice caps.Canadians take  the fresh water for granted because most of the freshwater lakes in the world are located in North America.

Why do we need to conserve water?
The water is constantly being recycled through the Earth’s water cycle but the people living on  this Earth are using up the water faster than the water can be replenished.Our bodies need water to survive just like that animals and plants need water to survive too,so if there is a water crisis there is a food crisis along with that,because if animals and plants don't get water they will not be able to survive and will die, and if they die we won't have food to eat.We use less water

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Summary
The oceans are one of the most important natural resources on Earth. They are the lifeblood of planet Earth and humankind. Oceans take up 75% of the Earth’s surface and about 97% of all the water is in the oceans. There is just one ocean it’s a continuous body of water but there are given names to different parts of the ocean. The marine environment provides us with a lot of resources and services - some which we use everyday, like oil, gas and fish, and some which we don't really think about in everyday life, like climate regulation and waste management. Oceans are important because they are vast resources. Oceans provide us with food. Oceans are used for transportation. Oceans are also mined for minerals.

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Minerals in Oceans
The oceans provide us with many minerals. Some of those minerals are salt, sand, copper, nickel, iron, and cobalt. Humans mine the ocean floor for diamonds, gold, silver, metal ores like manganese nodules and gravel mines. Metal compounds, gravels, sands and gas hydrates are also mined in the ocean. Oceans are a great resource for providing minerals but mining the oceans can be devastating to the natural ecosystems. Dredging of any kind pulls up the ocean floor resulting in widespread destruction of marine animal habitats, as well as wiping out vast numbers of fishes and invertebrates. As minerals found on land are exploited and used up, mining of the ocean floor will increase. Deep sea mining is a relatively new mineral retrieval process that takes place on the ocean floor. Ocean mining sites are usually around large areas.

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Canada has two types of non-renewable resources fuel and non fuel minerals it's formed in different ways these include oil, natural gas, coal and uranium. Canada has great quantities of natural resources. Big country's overcome great distances with cars 3RS are important because it protects all type of resources applying these methods non renewable it will make the differences. Geographers call this sustainability. About one half of Ontario's electricity is produced at nuclear power plant.

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Summary

There are many steps that lead to mining. Geologists used field surveys and maps to find possible locations of mineral deposits. Some samples are collected at the surface.In some cases minerals are identified by a low flying aircraft's lowering instruments. Core samples are drilled to find the quality of the mineral in the surrounding rock. Mining operations will only launch if there has been a valuable deposit that can be brought to the surface and shipped to customers for money. There two main types of mining and they are open-pit and underground. Mining is a very dirty business. Huge amounts of rock are blasted and dragged from the earth and crushed and refined. Mineral concentrations usually range from 1 percent upward to 30 percent, which is leaving big quantities of waste that are called mine tailing. A Lot of the waste is used to fill holes that were already mined. Dangerous compounds that are found in the rock can pollute lakes, rivers and groundwater's. Canadian mines had improved because now they cut down on air pollution and water pollution, and continuing  to reduce environmental impact of mining. Non renewable resources are those that they are gone forever once they are taken from the environment.

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Maneeha
The meaning of selective logging is to only cut down the matured/adult trees in a forest. While on the other hand, the smaller trees are not cut. Both cutting and transporting these matured trees, are hard because while in the process, it can damage many other trees. Most companies do not use this method because it is expensive that it takes time for this process, specifically locating and getting to each matured tree.

Disadvantages of Selective Cutting

The process of cutting even just one tree, creates 60 to 123 percent more of damage. It is because when one mature tree is cut down, vines that grow between it and other trees

causes it to pull down other trees beside it. Another reason why it is harmful is because machinery cutting down the mature tree, can seriously damage the nearby ones. Also, when the tree is cut down, the vines that have grown, causes other trees to lose stability.

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The Ocean is one of the world's most valuable natural resource. Ocean currents are flows of water in the oceans, they are pushed by the winds and the spinning of the Earth on its axis. 97% of the Earth's waters comes from the ocean and 71% covers the Earth's surface.