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Images shift when looking through water.

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This site is a curated collection of phenomena for the NGSS, along with help for how to use phenomena in 3 Dimensional teaching and learning.

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Video Clip

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Mechanical Waves are waves which propagate through a material medium (solid, liquid, or gas) at a wave speed which depends on the elastic and inertial properties of that medium. There are two basic types of wave motion for mechanical waves: longitudinal waves and transverse waves.

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The Electromagnetic Spectrum Video Series & Companion Book | Science Mission Directorate

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This unique NASA resource on the web, in print, and with companion videos introduces electromagnetic waves, their behaviors, and how scientists visualize these data. Each region of the electromagnetic spectrum (EMS) is described and illustrated with engaging examples of NASA science. Come and explor…

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Questions for discussion

What are the differences between the different types of electromagnetic radiation?

Which has a longer wavelength - visible or infrared radiation?

Which contains more energy - visible or infrared radiation?

Which has a higher frequency - visible or infrared radiation?

About how fast do all EM waves move?

Do EM waves transmit energy or mass?

Take away concepts

Electromagnetic waves occur in a continous spectrum based on their wavelength.

EM waves of a particular range of wavelengths are give names such as infrared and visible.

Unlike mechanical waves such as sound or earthquake waves, EM waves can travel through empty space.

EM waves are used for communication with satellites and for observing the Earth from space.

Sunlight is made up of EM waves.

© 2010 Earthguide at Scripps Institution of Oceanography.
All rights reserved.

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EM spectrum interactive - Earthguide Online Classroom

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What are the differences between the different types of electromagnetic radiation? Which has a longer wavelength - visible or infrared radiation? Which contains more energy - visible or infrared radiation? Which has a higher frequency - visible or infrared radiation? About how fast do all EM waves move?

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The science of spectroscopy is quite sophisticated. From spectral lines astronomers can determine not only the element, but the temperature and density of that element in the star. The spectral line also can tell us about any magnetic field of the star. The width of the line can tell us how fast the material is moving.

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The Earth's atmosphere absorbs ultraviolet light, so ultraviolet astronomy must be done using telescopes in space. Other than carefully-select materials for filters, a ultraviolet telescope is much like a regular visible light telescope. The primary difference being that the ultraviolet telescope must be above Earth's atmosphere to observe cosmic sources.

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A spectral line is like a fingerprint that can be used to identify the atoms, elements or molecules present in a star, galaxy or cloud of interstellar gas. If we separate the incoming light from a celestial source using a prism, we will often see a spectrum of colours crossed with discrete lines.

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Throughout most of history, astronomers have relied on light from distant objects to understand what we saw in the sky. Recently, however, we have started to gain information about these objects from alternate "messengers" - particles and ripples in spacetime itself. Use the links below to find out more about these other messengers.